Mai breeds na tumaki. Hissar irin: description da kuma hotuna

Tun zamanin da zuwa wannan rana daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan mutane na ci gaba da za a waddan. Don bayyana wannan al'amari quite sauki: shi ne daga dabbobi mutumin sami muhimmanci da nama, madara, ulu da fata, kazalika da sauran Categories raw kayan.

Kasashe daban-daban sun tarihi bred daban-daban dabbobi saduwa da bukatun na yawan jama'ar, amma shi ne sau da yawa ya fi na kowa tumaki. Wannan shi ne saboda da high "aiki" halaye na wadannan dabbobi: su ne sosai unpretentious ga yanayi, ciyar da kiwo. Tumaki noma tun zamanin da tsunduma a cikin wadanda wuraren sauran iri dabbobi kawai ba zai iya samun bukata adadin abinci a free-fuska.

asali kankara

Akwai daban-daban breeds na tumaki: Hissar, Romanov, mai-tailed jinsunan ... duk da ba na tuna da! Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne mai kyau a kansa hanya.

Wasu breeds nuna babban adadin high quality-nama, daga gare su akwai shahara ga mahara ciki da kuma high quality konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, yayin da wasu suna bred saboda wani dadi mai cewa an massively amfani ga dafa abinci pilaf da sauran nau'o'in abinci na musamman. Bari mu dubi abin da nau'in rarraba duk dabbobi da irin wannan (da rarrabuwa ne ta hanyar irin ulu):

• Fine-ulu tumaki. A mafi muhimmanci, saboda su samu manufa ingancin ulun daga wanda yin kyau kwarai woolen yadudduka da yarns. A karshen, ba zato ba tsammani, shi ne kuma samar da sanannen Persian kyãwãwa, wanda ado gidan kawai mafi m mutane a duniya.
• Polutonkorunnyh jinsunan. Kuma samar da mai kyau quality ulu, amma da kauri ne riga mafi girma da kuma irin zane - m. Amma da suka sãɓã wa jũna mai kyau precocity da kuma dandano mai kyau nama.
• M ulu breeds na tumaki (Hissar da Romanov). Mafi sau da yawa, suna bred saboda boyewa da kuma nama, a matsayin halaye na ulu suka ba da muni. Idan muka magana game da nama, shi ne musamman m na farko irin, amma salon da kuma ingancin konkoma karãtunsa fãtun lashe "Romanovka". Duk da tumaki a cikin wannan category ne musamman m ga asali, musamman tun suna unpretentious.

Bari mu bincika mafi ƙwarai da sharadi gwargwado don abun ciki infield tumaki breeds. Photo da sunan kowane daga cikin wadannan sharuddan ne ma ba a littattafai.

Romanov irin

Da farko za mu yi magana game da wadannan almara dabbobi cewa bunƙasa da kuma ninka har a tsakiyar Rasha, wanda ba gaskiya ba ne na wasu breeds na tumaki. Da samuwar wannan nau'in faru a cikin abin da yake a yanzu da Yaroslavl yankin, sabõda haka, domin mu sauyin yanayi da dabbobi aka saba daidai.

Data a kan yawan aiki

Sabanin wasu tarihi Legends, samar da wani irin na musamman manoma. A lokacin dogon ƙarni na painstaking kiwo a bayan gidajensu kasance quite manyan dabbobi. raguna taro kai 100 Sar, mãtan nauyi - 70 kg.

Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na nama daga cikin gawar ne 47%. Domin da shekara cire raguna kamar uku kilo m ulu, tare da gadon da - daya da rabi zuwa biyu sau kasa. Kowane mace take ɗauke da akalla biyu da 'yan raguna a wani lokaci, amma ba haka ba ne lokuta da haihuwar biyar yatsunsu suna rare! Ba abin mamaki da waɗannan dabbobi kasashen waje shirye don saya domin inganta prolificacy na nasu tumaki. Kuma wani muhimmanci. Ba kamar sauran uwan, "Romanovka" sau da yawa ba haihuwa sau biyu a shekara, wanda kara ƙara musu darajar.

Edilbaevskaya irin

Wadannan dabbobi a kasar mu ne ba tartsatsi, kuma ba ma da aka sani, amma suna shakka daraja shi to su san fiye da mutane suke da sha'awar a cikin tumaki da noma. Mene ne dalilin da? Yanzu za mu gaya duk!

Kamar irin aka bayyana a sama, wannan irin nasa ne m ulu. Tumaki da nama-mai Trend kafa da "kasa selection" a kan ƙasa na Kazakhstan. Mun zabi kawai waɗanda dabbobi wadda ta su kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da kuma sauran sigogi mafi kyau dace da rigors na nomadic rai na gida mutane. Dole ne in ce cewa wannan m yana da kawai dama sakamakon!

Edilbaevskie tumaki ne daidai da kyau jure a cikin hunturu da sanyi da kuma lokacin rani fari, daidai tsayayya dogon zanga, kazalika da musamman ikon ci kashe da zaran fodder bushe, salted makiyaya.

Weight na mafi kyau na tumaki kai rabin quintals! Igiyar ciki irin fice sakamakon ba nuna, amma har yanzu za a iya faranta 80-90 kilo. Da 'yan raguna a daya kawai ga watan farko na rayuwa iya ƙiba, har zuwa 17 kilo, kuma yana da shekaru shida da watanni (a karkashin al'ada ciyar da yanayi) wani lokacin kai nauyi 50 kg.

Bugu da kari, edilbaevskaya dutse tsaye kuma daga cikin masu cin nama mai versions na madara samarwa. Kowane sarauniya ba game da 150 lita na madara a kowace shekara, amma wasu tumaki iya faranta masu su 200 lita. A samfurin ne halin da kyau kwarai da dandano da sinadirai masu halaye, sabili da haka an yi amfani da ko'ina a dafa abinci.

Hissar irin

A wannan nau'in, mun tattauna a more daki-daki. Ya kamata a lura cewa, daga cikin iri-iri iri Hissar irin na tumaki tsaye kadai. A cikin duniya suna da aka sani da most dabba muna la'akari da wani "iyali". Duk da haka, na farko abubuwa farko.

An yi imani da cewa wannan irin dabbobi ma ne manyan-daga high quality-nama da mai. Bugu da kari, suna da kyau kwarai da jimiri kuma splendidly raya rigakafi. A karshe, Hissar irin na tumaki daidai dace domin shekara-zagaye bude-abun ciki a cikin matsananci yanayi na dutsen makiyaya. Hakika, ba su da wani matsaloli jure dogon lullube daga bazara makiyaya zuwa hunturu da kuma mataimakin versa. By hanyar magana, wanda irin wannan sauyin zai iya da kyau wuce for kilomita 500.

Bugu da kari, Hissar irin na tumaki, kasancewa kama da wannan uwansu Romanowski, sau da yawa yana amfani da "gudunmawa" don inganta sauran jinsunan dabbobi. Motherland "hissars" Tajikistan aka dauke, amma suna rayayye bred a Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, da kuma kudancin yankunan kasar mu. Ba kamar sauran breeds, waɗannan tumaki ya kasu kashi uku subtypes. Bari mu dubi kowane daga cikinsu dabam.

nama

Main halaye na da irin wannan tumaki:

• Bayyanar quite recognizable, kamar yadda babu wani tsere mai wutsiya: ya ja har, da kuma a wasu mutane, ya kuma ba ci gaba.
• Dabbobi ne halin da kyau kwarai kullum riba a wani wuri shekaru.
• Idan aka kwatanta da sauran biyu jinsuna, Hissar irin na tumaki wannan subtype ba mun gwada kadan kitse.

Nama da m da m iri

Wadannan tumaki ne daban-daban tsaya daga mai wutsiya, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta an ya ja har zuwa matakin na baya. A cikin hali na musamman m iri-iri, ya kama da wani babban jakar, wanda da fice wakilan da irin bautar kimanin daya bisa uku na dukan jiki.

Lura cewa Gissar tumaki irin a Rasha an wakilta yafi ta farko category, a matsayin mai wutsiya a kasar mu ne ba ma m, kuma da ciyar da waɗannan dabbobi ciyar da wani isasshen adadin carbohydrate ake bukata, wanda ya sa da abun ciki a cikin yanayi ba ma garabasa.

Basic bayanai a kan yawan aiki

Dabbobi suna da wani karfi, da kyau-ɓullo da kwarangwal. A tsawo a bushe raguna sau da yawa ya wuce 85 santimita, daga banza, wannan adadi jeri daga 75-80 santimita (wanda shi ne ma mai yawa). Abin da kuma shi ne daban-daban Hissar irin na tumaki? Hotuna nuna cewa suna da mamaki dogon bushe wata gabar jiki (da suke da ɗan kama da racehorses). Bugu da kari, da dabbobi duba sosai m saboda ta elongated jiki, wanda ya saba da karfi da kuma m kirji.

Shugaban su m, aquiline hanci. All dabbobi ne hornless (watau ƙahonin da suka yi, bisa manufa). The wuyansa ne wajen takaice, kunnuwa - tsawo, "bushy". mai wutsiya taro nau'in a cikin sebaceous iya isa game da 40 kilo. Weight raguna iya isa wasu 190 kg. Igiyar ciki auna kasa, amma tumakin da zai zama da sauki to 80 kilo, da wuya a sami.

haifar da matsaloli

Da fari dai, Hissar irin ba sosai zaran "girbi" ulu. Bugu da ƙari, ko da ga wata mai-tailed tumaki, da shi sosai tauri, kuma m. Ko da shekara-shekara na tumaki sausaya na kasa da 1.5 kilo (a mafi kyau), ya zauna cikin mahaifa ba ya bayar da fiye da kilogram. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a mace ulu ƙunshi wani musamman high yawan matattu gashi kuma bristle (18 zuwa 34%) a cikin maza, wannan adadi ne 11 zuwa 24%. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa irin wannan albarkatun kasa ne kawai domin samar da m ji. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, Hissar tumaki ne ko dai baki ko duhu ja.

A cikin shekaru da kwata karni da irin karo na farko rage muhimmanci. Saboda haka, a cikin farkon 90-ies karni na karshe akwai 497.084 dabbobi, tare da fiye da 90% na su aka gaba daya purebred. A ranar, da na tumaki, da wannan irin akwai game da 460 dubu, kuma shayarwa ne sosai damu da cewa a kowace shekara a girma yawan hybrids, t. E. Ba purebred dabbobi.

Bugu da kari, da Hissar tumaki (photo gabatar a cikin labarin) a fili bukatar "kamalla", da nufin kara prolificacy da ulu quality, amma su yi shi (bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet) ne kawai wanda, tun da dabbobi cibiyoyin da aka hallaka. A halin yanzu, kadai bege ga mutum tumakin da ba su bayar da karshe mix irin tare da wasu jinsunan da tumaki, da rike da tsarki na su gene pool.

Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike sun ce cewa a wani kyautata (cikin sharuddan yawan aiki) na Hissar tumaki a Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe ba su bukatar. Wannan ra'ayi dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa wannan irin - ba shata shekaru da dama, kuma Ya halitta, a sakamakon ƙarni na directional selection. Wannan ra'ayi yana da wani hakkin rayuwa, da amma idan halin da ake ciki zai ci gaba da erratic lalatar, to babu mai kyau shi ba zai.

Haihuwa da kuma yawan aiki

Daga cikin abubuwan, ya zauna cikin mahaifa ba shi da high fecundity, biyu 'yan raguna da zuriyar dabbobi ba gani. Duk da haka, wannan hali ne quite cika nagari madara yawan aiki: 1.8-2.3 lita na madara mai a kowace rana. Just kamar wata biyu, wasu fice wakilan da irin iya daina zuwa 200 lita na ce samfurin.

Basic bayanai a kan abun ciki na dabbobi

Ko da akidar wani musamman subtype dauke da wannan tumaki. Ya kamata ne kawai a lura da cewa ba su so, fiye ko žasa da zurfin snow, sabili da haka ya zama da kyau a gaba don canja makiyaya da yanayi. Har ila yau, kana bukatar ka yi hankali da rigar abinci. Kamar sauran mai-tailed irin, waɗannan dabbobi ayan fi son bushe abinci da babu kasa bushe makiyaya.

A ka'ida, mai tsanani sanyi kamar yadda ba su da tsanani, amma yana da bu mai kyau a yi a kalla mai sauki gini a karkashin abin da dabba iya boye daga cikin karfi da iska gusts. Lura cewa tumaki da wannan irin shi ne tsananin contraindicated zayyana. A general, da sauran siffofin da suke yi.