Lissafi: yawan haruffa da sauti? Sauti da haruffa - 1st class

Rubuta ya bayyana a zamanin d ¯ a. Na farko haruffa sune Sumerian, an rubuta su a kan laka na musamman da taimakon taimakon igiya mai tsayi, wanda aka yi daga cane ko ƙuda. Kafin rubuce-rubucen, ƙaddaraccen yumɓu da aka shirya ta ƙona a cikin tanda da kuma bushewa. Abubuwan da ake bukata don cigaban rubuce-rubuce a kowane ɓangare na duniya sune: mutanen farko sunyi ƙoƙarin nuna wani abu mai mahimmanci tare da taimakon zane, sa'an nan kuma ƙirƙirar alamomi da aka rubuta, hotuna. Wadannan hotuna sune mahimmanci ga kowane harshe. A hankali, akwai sauyawa daga siffar kalma ɗaya zuwa hoto daya zuwa siffar kalma ta haruffa. Wani wuri a karni na 15 BC na farko haruffa ya fara hadawa, kuma wannan ya faru da Phoenicians. Harshen Slavonic ya ba da umurni daga Cyril da Methodius a 863. Anyi wannan don a fassara cikin harshen Slavic na littattafan addini na Girka. Don haka Cyrilic, uwar Rasha, Ukrainian, Belarusanci da sauran harsunan Slavic sun bayyana.

Alamar

Harshen zamani na Rasha shi ne ingantacciyar fasalin tsohon Slavonic tare da lokaci da tunani. Duk haruffa a haruffan suna shirya a tsari mai kyau. A duka akwai 33 haruffa a ciki. Tsarin lissafi ya zama wajibi domin yin bayani, misali, don ƙaddamar dictionaries, lists, encyclopedias. Tare da nazarin haruffan fara karatun, don koya, dole ne ka iya karantawa, kuma karatun abu ne kawai tare da cikakken ilimin haruffa. A cikin jigon farko dukkan dalilai suna nazarin: haruffa, adadin haruffa da sauti a kalmomi daban, wane sauti aka nuna.

Lissafi da Sauti

Lissafi sune hotuna masu zane, tare da taimakon waɗannan sauti suna nuna lokacin rubutawa. Yawan adadin su an bayyana su ta hanyar haruffa, sun zama ƙasa da sauti. Don rubuta kalmomi, ana amfani da haruffa. A kan tambaya na yawan haruffa da sautuna a cikin harshen Rashanci, zaka iya amsawa, idan kun fahimci mahimman basirar.

The karami naúrar na harshe ne sauti, wanda a kansa ba ya wakiltar da na ginin jumla ma'anar, ya furta a lokacin (togiya - wata kalma kunshi daya sauti). Sauti wasa mafi muhimmanci rawa a cikin samuwar kuma kuskure. Tare da taimakonsu, kalmomin sun bambanta, an kafa ambulafinsu mai kyau kuma an gudanar da ayyukansu na ganewa. Kalmomi zasu iya bambanta da yawan sautunan da suka kunshi, misali: rami mai kunnawa, da kuma sauti: sauti-gizon, rom-som, kalmar sirri. Hanyoyi daban-daban zasu iya kunshe da sauti iri ɗaya, waɗanda suke cikin tsari daban-daban: daji ne mai bugawa, mafarki ne hanci. A wasu kalmomi ana sauti ɗaya, amma haruffa biyu an rubuta: a wanka, gamma. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana saran sautunan sauti kadan "ƙarami".

Ana kafa sauti a wannan lokacin lokacin da mutum ya tashi, kuma an kafa shi saboda iska mai hawa da kuma aiki na larynx tare da ligaments, harshe, lebe da hakora.

Rubuta dokoki

Tsakanin haruffa na yanzu na rukunin Rasha da kuma sautunan da aka furta su, akwai wasu dangantaka. Dokokin daban daban don yin amfani da wannan ko wannan wasika sun ci gaba. Da yawa haruffa da sautuna an rubuta su cikin kalmomi guda ɗaya, yana da muhimmanci don fahimtar kowane ɗayan ɗayan. Akwai dokoki don haɓaka da raba kalmomi, ta hanyar amfani da murya, rubuta daya ko biyu "n", rubuta rubutaccen wasali a tushe na kalma, da kuma sauran ka'idoji na mahimmanci. Dukkan dokoki suna da mahimmanci, sabili da haka, yana buƙatar nazari mai zurfi.

Haɗin haruffa da sauti

Mene ne sakamakon "sauti-haruffa" yake kama da su, da yawa haruffa da sautuna, ko kuma wajen, shine lambar su daidai a Rashanci, ya zama bayyananne lokacin karatun haruffa. Ba a kiyaye cikakken wasa ba. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, akwai haruffa 33 a cikin harshen Rashanci, kuma yawan sauti ya fi girma. An bayyana sassan haruffa tare da 43 sauti: 37 consonants da 6 wasulan. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa baƙaƙe fiye da haruffa: 21 ga 37, amma wasali - kasa da 6 zuwa 10 haruffa sauti. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu wasulan suna nuna sauti biyu a harafin.

A wasikar mafi yawancin kalmomi ana rubuta yawancin haruffa, da yawa sautuna, watau, ɗaya wasika ta tsaye don sauti daya. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin kalmar "sanda" akwai haruffa biyar da sauti biyar, kowace wasika a cikin kalmar tana nuna sauti daya.

Haruffa guda biyu a Rashanci ba a furta su ba. Wadannan haruffa ne m mark b lamba b da kuma m, da ake kira bebe haruffa. Suna taka rawa na alamar siginar kalmomi, ana amfani da alamar laushi don nuna laushi na sautin da ke gaba da shi. A wasu kalmomi, bisa ga ka'idodin, an rubuta haruffa, amma ba a furta ba: zuciya (mai suna serce), rãnã (kamar yadda yake cikin rana).

Wadanne haruffa suna da yawa sauti

Yawan nau'ukan da haruffa a cikin harshe ana nazarin su a aji na farko. Mutane da yawa suna tunawa da yadda kananan yara ke yin wasikar kalamai guda ɗaya kuma sun ƙayyade adadin sauti da aka faɗar su. A cikin Rasha, sauti da yawa suna nuna wasu wasulan, lokacin furtawa abin da muke faɗi ba sauti ɗaya ba. Misali, harafin "I" a wasu lokuta ana kiran shi tare da sauti "i" da "a", haruffa "y" - "y" da "y", harafin "e" - "i" da "o", "e" - "d" da "e". Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa wasulan guda biyu ba koyaushe suna nuna waɗannan sauti ba. Yin nazarin wasiƙa, muna nuna alamar haruffa kawai a wasu lokuta. Hanyin haruffa da ke nuna sautunan wasali suna ƙaddara ta ka'idojin da aka kafa a cikin harshe na harshen Rashanci. Alal misali, biyu sauti vowels nuna:

• A waɗancan lokuta lokacin da kalmomin sun kasance a farkon: harshe, shinge, yule;
• A waɗannan lokuta idan sun tsaya bayan wasu wasulan: Bajun, gida, ci;
• A waɗannan kalmomi da sunayen alƙallan da aka lissafa su ne bayan wani laushi b ko alama mai kyau bane: biri, blizzard, mai haɗawa.

Sakamakon sauti nawa ne harafin "DA" yana nufin? Harafin "Y"?

Matsayi na musamman yana da wasika "i" - yot. Ana iya amfani dashi a matsayin takarda mai laushi kuma a matsayin ƙarin ƙayyadewa a cikin wani rubutun sauti. Lokacin amfani da shi a matsayin mataimaki don tsara sauti biyu na wasulan, matsayi na musamman na harafin ya bayyana. Ana amfani da sauti da haruffa da yawa yayin yin wannan, an rubuta shi a cikin binciken bincike mai kyau. Dole ne mu manta cewa a cikin kalmar nan "d" za'a iya amfani dashi don watsa sauti: "yot". Harafin za a iya rubuta kafin da bayan wasulan kuma ya nuna sauti daya. Bayan masu amfani, "ba" ba a yi amfani dasu, amma kafin masu karɓa suna da yawa: T-shirt, kullun, jay. Harafin "da" akan wasikar yana nufin sauti ɗaya. Babu dokoki na musamman a cikin haruffa lokacin rubuta wannan wasika.

Da yawa haruffa da sautuna an rubuta su a cikin kalmomi guda ɗaya da ka'idodin harshe ya ƙaddara a Rasha.