Larabci numerals. Origin, darajar

Larabci numerals - shi ne goma ilmin lissafi alamomin da wanda ya rubuta wani lambar. Su duba kamar haka: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Wadannan alkaluma bayyana a Turai, a X-XIII ƙarni. Yau, mafi yawan} asashe amfani da Larabci numerals to rikodin yawan aiki a gidan goma lambar tsarin. Asalin Larabci numerals ne har yanzu ba a sani ba bisa ga yaƙĩni. Wasu masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa Larabci numerals zo mana daga India a cikin karni na V BC, amma ya zama tartsatsi godiya ga sanannen Arab masanin al-Khwarizmi, wanda aka yadu popularized su. Wannan duniya-sanannen masanin kimiyyar ya marubucin na rubutun "kitab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala". Wannan sunan wannan rubutun, kuma akwai da kalmar "aljabara", wadda ta zama ba kawai wani lokaci, amma kimiyya, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin rayuwarmu.

The Arabic numerals aka nuna godiya da mazaunan kasashen musulmi da kuma mai ladabi malamai. Game da biyar ƙarni, wadannan lambobi ne, yafi amfani da Larabawa. Tare da su taimako, da na da masana kimiyya sun kasance iya cimma babbar nasara a aljabara, lissafi da kuma sauran daidai sciences, yayin da Turai da ake nitsewa da zurfi cikin jãhilci, obscurantism.

Asalin Larabci numerals a Turai saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙasa na zamani Spain zamani jihohin biyu - da Barcelona County Kirista da Musulmi Khalifanci na Cordoba. Sylvester II na, tsohon shugaban na Ikilisiyar Kirista daga 999 zuwa 1003, an unusually ilimi mutumin da wani fitaccen masanin kimiyyar. Ya ya iya gano for Turawa a cimma Larabawa a ilmin taurari da kuma ilmin lissafi. Ko a matsayin mai sauki m, ya sami damar yin amfani da Larabawa kimiyya littattafai da kuma treatises. Sylvester II ya juya, ya da hankali ga 'yanci na amfani Larabci numerals da kuma fara maida inganta su a Turai. Wannan m mutumin nan da nan ya juya, ya da hankali ga babba da abũbuwan amfãni cewa Larabci numerals idan aka kwatanta da Roman, amfani da ko'ina a waɗannan kwanaki a Turai.

Ba kawai mazauna kasashen Turai kiyasta da babban kimiyya darajar wannan ilimi. Sai da na ɗauki karnuka uku ga waɗanda lambobin zo a cikin yin amfani da sun lashe duniya fitarwa. Amma bayan Arab Figures sun riƙi wurin a na da Turai, da farkon Renaissance. Tare da gabatarwar Larabci numerals suka fara samar lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, taurari da labarin kasa. Turai kimiyya yana da babbar sabon impetus zuwa ta kara ci gaba.

Me ake Larabci numerals da maki? Akwai jarrabawa cewa an yi su har na mike layin segments, da kuma yawan sasanninta ne guda a matsayin adadi da kanta. Alal misali, sifili na da wani sasanninta, tare da rubuce-rubuce na zana Figures 1 - daya kusurwa 2 - kunshi biyu malã'iku, da dai sauransu. A tsawon lokaci, kusassari da lambobin samu smoothed halin yanzu saba form ... Wannan, ba shakka, an ban sha'awa jarrabawa, amma ba da cikakken gaskiya.

A cikin tambaya na yadda mutane suka zo up tare da Larabci numerals, amsar mai sauki ba. Masana kimiyya sun karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa, mafi m, suna rubuta shi zuwa ga Larabawa, daga India, inda alamar more hankali kama zamani Figures. Yana da yake a India kayan aiki a V-IX ƙarni, masana kimiyya sun samu records na da bayyanar kama zamani Figures.

Yadda Indian Figures canza kama a Larabci? Arab bayan da fall na Roman Empire a cikin V karni BC. e. maida ciniki da India da kuma tare da kayan yaji, da kayan yaji, da duwatsu masu daraja suka kawo sabon Figures, wanda ya zama sananne a matsayin Arab bayan an mai ladabi da popularized da Larabawa. Saboda haka, tambaya na abin da mutane zo da Larabci numerals, shi ne har yanzu a bude.