Lalata da karafa - aiwatar da su halaka

Lalata da aka fassara daga Latin matsayin "lalatattu". Saboda haka ne tsari na halakar da wani abu (wood, yumbu, polymer, karfe) a sakamakon daukan hotuna da yanayi, ko gona, iska, ruwa (teku, Kogin Nilu, fadama, lake, karkashin kasa) ko wani kafofin watsa labarai. Game da karafa lokaci lalata karafa ya maye gurbin wani kowa yana da Kalmar "tsatsa". Alal misali, lokacin da oxygen na baƙin ƙarfe lalata a ruwa siffofin ferric hydroxide hydrated - talakawa tsatsa.

Lalata da karafa take kaiwa zuwa manyan hasarori - for Rasha ne shekara-shekara asarar miliyoyin ton na daraja karafa. Fiye da 10% na shekara-shekara samarwa daga karfe shambura zama unusable saboda lalata. Saboda wannan dalili, aka binne a cikin ƙasa karfe constructions na daban-daban Tsarin, ajiya tankuna for man fetur da kuma wasu ma'adanai ne m ga 3-4 shekaru, idan suka ba su kariya daga kamuwa da ƙasa-ƙasa lalata. Corrode lantarki da sadarwa igiyoyi, kasa na iyo wuraren, mota jiki da kuma sauran motocin.

Gona da kuma datti lalata karafa - electrochemical aiwatar da dogara a kan dalilai kamar da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, su danshi da kuma iska permeability, karfe type, ta uniformity, da yanayin da surface daga karfe abubuwa.

Domin ci gaba da karfe a cikin ƙasa (ruwa, iska, da kuma sauran kafofin watsa labarai), kana bukatar ka san dalilai, wanda za a iya sa da karfe lalata. Don samun bayanai a kan mataki na lalata aiki na gona da ake bukata domin ci gaban matakan kare karfe gininsu daga lalata, daukawa fitar da cikakken filin da dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu na kasa.

Kariya na karafa daga lalata dogara ne a kan wadannan hanyoyi:

1. Yunƙurin zuwa constructional kayan sunadarai juriya (lalata resistant gami gabatarwar cikin Kwayoyin ko, conversely, kau na impurities daga gami da lalata accelerating).

2. isolating da karfe surface daga harin da m kafofin watsa labarai (Paints da varnishes for shafi karfe, insulating fina-finai, Electroplating) .

3. A electrochemical kariya - a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani waje halin yanzu superimposed a kan karfe tsarin.

4. rage mutunci da matsakaici via gabatarwar na lalata hanawa (arsenates, chromates, nitrites), deoxygenation ko neutralization matsakaici.

Wadannan hanyoyin kasu kashi 2 kungiyoyin. A farko hanyoyi guda biyu da ake yi kafin amfani na karfe samfurin a mataki na zane ko yi, da kuma yin bambanci a cikin aiki zai zama ba zai yiwu ba. A wasu hanyoyi guda biyu suna da za'ayi kawai a cikin aiki daga karfe da ba za ka iya canza kariya yanayin dangane da canji a cikin ainihin yanayi.

Wannan tambaya, kamar yadda da karfe lalata kariya, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne dacewa, na bukatar wani m tsarin kula da neman fitar da zamani zane mafita, inganta da haihuwa jarraba hanyoyi da m kayan aiki.