Kyakkyawan kalmomi Latin da fassarar

Latin - wannan shine farkon farkon. Tana daga gare ta cewa yawancin harsunan Turai na yanzu sun tafi, wanda an riga an kofe wasu harsunan Slavonic. Latin shine harshen kimiyya da magani, yana motsa dukan duniya a tsakiyar zamani da kuma zamani. Kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa mutane sun dauki dogon lokaci mai kayatarwa da kyawawan kalmomin Latin don su ba da sanannun maganganunsu, nauyi, don su kasance da ƙari da kuma launi - don haka, a gaskiya ma, yana da sauƙi don faranta zuciyarka. Abin da ya jũya daga magana daga almara, amma, alas, matattu harshen mu so a yi amfani da, da kuma ko yana yiwuwa ga rarraba a Latin wajen samo a cikin Rasha harshen? Kuma akwai wani abu kamar ƙidayar sanannun kalmomi? Mun koyi tare.

Ina ta yanzu?

Da farko dai, ya kamata a lura da cewa yawancin Latin na yanzu sosai, matukar matsi. Eh, akwai magani - wani classic, wasu abubuwa da aka kiyaye su a cikin dokar (ba don kome ba cewa dalibai suna tilasta su koyi aikin da kyau kalmomi a Latin), wasu rabe-jami'o'i nace cewa dalibai mallaka a kalla a ƙaramar ƙamus na Latin. Kuma yaya game da mutum dan Adam, ba likita ba? A ina zai iya saduwa da Latin?

A gare mu, wannan harshe ana kallon alamar matsayin, ilimi, asalin asali. Saboda haka, sau da yawa don jaddada muhimmancin kalma, don nuna zurfin samfuran su, da kuma sanya shi wata hanya, jawo hankalin sakewa, mutane za su zabi kalmomi da kalmomin wannan harshe. Kalmomin Latin masu kyau don sunan kamfanin, tattoos, wasu bayyanar jama'a - duk wannan sha'awar nuna cewa kai ne mafi girma daga sauran. Amma sha'awar cike da jini, don haka babu wani abu mummunar a nan.

Lokaci na latsa: sauti ɗaya - nau'i daban-daban

Sau da yawa yakan faru da kyakkyawar kalmomin Latin da ma'anar su a cikin Rashanci ba daidai ba ne. Yanzu ina magana ne game da karbar kudi da likita, alal misali, spheres. Wato, sanannun kalmar "alibi" a cikin Latin yana da ma'ana "a wasu wurare" - a, sosai, sosai kusa da fassararmu, amma har yanzu an ji cewa akwai bambanci. Ya bambanta da waɗannan kalmomi, bashin da suka canza saɓo sun bayyana: Alma mater, wanda ake fassara a matsayin "mai shayarwa", an yi amfani da shi a harshen Rasha don komawa ga jami'a inda aka koya wa mutum cewa wannan shi ne rayuwar rayuka ta fara da kuma hanya ta hanya mai zaman kanta Uwar tana jagorantar 'ya'yanta ga hanyar gaskiya - wato, ana fassara ma'anar fassarar. Kuma har yanzu akwai kalmomin da suka ci gaba da ma'anar su, bayan sun samu a cikin harshen Rashanci wani ɗan inuwa na kimantawa: misali, a cikin harshe na ainihi - "akwati", yayin da muke, ta yin amfani da wannan kalma, yana nufin wani taron da ba talakawa ba, ya bambanta a cikin Ƙasantawa da kuma, watakila, rikice-rikice, haka ma, yawanci wannan abu ne mai ban kunya. Sabili da haka, zamu iya cewa kalmomin Latin masu kyau da fassarar su na Rasha suna da ma'ana sosai. Amma wannan ba lamari ba ne ko yaushe?

Latin ne guda biyu: riga mu

Kashe na gaba na asusun Latin, wanda zan so in yi magana game da, an kusan daidaita shi zuwa kalmomin Rasha. Wasu kyau Latin kalmomi sun zama haka shahara cewa har ma da mutanen kasashen waje da-harshen da kuma fahimtar su asalin, a Bugu da kari ya bayyana a gare su ba lallai ba ne - shi ne da wani abu kamar kwayoyin memory. Wadannan sun hada da memento Mori - "memento Mori", A vino beritas - "A vino beritas", Veni, vidi, vici - "Na zo, sai na ga, na yi nasara da." Don wasu dalilai wadannan kalmomin sun hada da masu hankali, wadanda suka kawo su cikin Rasha daga littattafan gargajiya, sa'an nan kuma ga sauran mutanen. Don bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka zaba su daga dukan tsararren Latin harshe yana da wuyar gaske, babban abu shine fahimtar cewa mun sami damar daidaita wani abu daga matattu, amma harshe mai kyau ga kanmu.

Latin uku: To, ba haka ba ne

Tabbas, wannan shi ne mafi mahimmancin harshe na ƙamus - idan akwai kalma a cikin Latin, akwai kalma a cikin harshen Rashanci, ma'anar guda biyu, amma ana furta su, kuma an rubuta su a hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai misalai irin wadannan, idan ba daruruwan - lux ("haske"), astra ("tauraron" - a nan, ta hanya, ana iya lura cewa kalman a cikin Rashanci ya zo, amma canzawa ma'anarsa), vita ("rai" ). Kuma a cikin wasu harsuna, waɗannan kalmomi za a iya amfani da su a cikin nau'i daya kuma tare da ma'anar iri ɗaya.

Latin a cikin sunayen ku

Kuma zan iya amfani da kalmomin Latin masu kyau tare da fassarar ma'anar kamfanin na, misali? Me yasa ba. Abin sani kawai shine wannan kalma ta kasance mai haske da abin tunawa, asali na asalin - wato, ba masu haɗaka ƙungiyoyi a tsakanin wani mutumin Rasha ba, in ba haka ba zai shawo kan sunanka ba, komai yadda ya zama kyakkyawa, juya shi cikin wani banza.

Kuma, ba shakka, tuna ma'anar kalmar. Fatum mai girman gaske an juya shi a matsayin "rabo, makomar", ma'anar ma'anar wani abu marar kyau, saboda haka kalmar nan "fatal", wanda aka sani da mu. Shin za ku amince, alal misali, shirya lokacin hutu na lokacin rani zuwa kamfanin da wannan sunan? Kuma biki don 'ya'yanku? Wannan shi ne kawai. Bugu da ƙari, ko da sunan da aka ba da alamar yana da kyau, ƙimar ku za ta amince da ɗayan ku, to, ku yi tunani game da masu sauraron ku. Ad manum - "a hannun" - mafi kyau bayan duk sunan da kamfanin ke ba da sabis na gyara, amma kuna tabbatar da cewa abokan kasuwanku zasu iya tunawa da shi?

Kalmomin Latin masu kyau ga maƙasudin - ra'ayin shine, hakika, mai ban mamaki: kayi shakka daga wasu masu fafatawa a gasa, jawo hankalinka ga kanka, watakila za ka yi ma'anar girman kai (yarda, lokacin da wani mutum yayi magana da shi yana aiki da kamfanin Non solus, nan da nan Kuna kuma gabatar da wasu ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci, koda kuwa a hakika shi ne "Ƙunƙasasshe" kanta, wanda aka fassara a matsayin "ba shi kadai" shine cin abinci mara kyau a kusurwa). Saboda haka ku yi tunanin sau biyu game da ko wasa ya fi dacewa da kyandir.

Latin a matsayin hanyar da za ta ci gaba

Mu ci gaba. Kalmomin Latina, masu kyau, masu karfi, masu jin dadi suna jin daɗin ci gaba a cikin tatuttukan su, suna kwance a kan zobba - a inda za su kasance na tsawon lokaci. Akwai damuwa da rashin jin dadi a nan: Zan zabi harshen da mafi yawan basu sani ba, cewa mutane suna sha'awar ni, abin da wannan ke nufi, kuma zan bayyana kome a gare su. Shigarwa, akwai kadan irin wannan. Bugu da ƙari da sha'awar kallon mafi girma fiye da sauran, wanda aka ambata a baya - Latin shi ne yaren tsohuwar harshe, koyaushe ana la'akari da ita alamar kasancewa ga dukiya mai yawa: sau da yawa sunayen labaran da suka dace da sunayensu ya zaɓi ya ƙayyade cikin Latin.

A cikin jarfa

Amma, kamar yadda suka ce, ad rem, zuwa ma'ana. Zaɓin magana yana dogara ne kawai akan tunaninka da abubuwan da kake so. Kuna iya samun dan kasuwa maras tabbas Amor wadanda basu da magani - "ba a kula da soyayya tare da ganye ba," ko kuma za ku iya alfahari da Aquila non captat muscas - "gaggafa ba ta kama kwari." Babu wanda ya soke shahararrun shahararrun kalmomin, misali, Platonov Bellum ko kowane abu - "yaki da dukan" ko Desipere a loco - "yin fushi idan ya dace" wanda yake na Horace. Intanit yana ba da dama na zaɓuɓɓuka, wanda daga baya wanda ya zaɓi wani abu don kansa - mai tausayi ko maras kyau, sanyi-shiru ko nuna ƙauna. Latin ita ce tushen ƙarewa mai ban sha'awa.

Kuma zane-zane

Kalmomin Latin waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin zane-zane, haifar da gaskiyar abin dogara, wasu tsarki - sun yi kama da rantsuwa, kamar yadda tabbatar da rashin fahimta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa maganganun kamar Gens una sumus ("mu ɗaya ne") ko Mane da dare ("safiya da rana") zai zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi, don haka ya karfafa muhimmancinku. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne zabi wani maganganu da ya dace sosai, kuma ba wani abu da kawai yake da kyau.

Ƙananan game da karatun: consonants da haɗuwa

Kuma a matsayin ƙarshe da kuma basus - wasu dokoki waɗanda aka karanta a cikin Latin - waɗanda ba a so su yi kuskure lokacin karatun tatoosu, misali?

Da farko, a cikin Latin, babu haduwa da haruffa "J»: -j- karanta -y-, to wanda aka kara da m wasali (Julius - Julius), shi zai iya har yanzu a canza zuwa -i-, wanda zai yi wannan aiki (kyrie - kiriye). Yawancin masu karɓa suna karanta su a cikin hanyar Ingilishi, kuma -W- a cikin wannan harshe ba shi da shi. A cikin haruffan -bs- da -bt-, sauti na farko ya ɓaci, juya cikin -p- (plebs - plePs). -r- sauti a Latin, ya yi kama da growling Rasha -p- yayin -V- kusa da kurãme English -w- (vino - UINO). -s- wakiltar kawai sauti (Sanctus - Sanctus), babu -z- da -g- a Latin ba m (Gloria - Gloria). An karɓa daga Girkanci -ch-, -ph-, -th-an karanta shi a matsayin -k, φ, t-, daidai da (christum - kristum, phobos - phobos, sabaoth - sebout).

Ƙananan game da karatun: wasulan

Bari mu matsa zuwa wasulan. -a- an karanta shi a matsayin Rasha -e- (pacem-pakem), -e- da -i- kiyaye sauti na yau da kullum don kunnen rukuni na Rasha (et-et, caritas-karitas), yayin da -o- da -u- dan kadan tsawo, Kamar yadda yake a cikin harshe Ingilishi da ƙafar haka (dona - doona, deum - deuum). Idan akwai layin tsaye a sama da sauti na zafin, yana nufin cewa ana sauti sauti kadan fiye da dokokin dokoki.

Ƙananan game da karatun: diphthongs

Lokaci na karshe shi ne diphthongs: -ya juya zuwa -ai- (taedae-taidai), -au-karanta as -au- (gaudet-gaudet), da -o-get -o- (foedus-foydus). Bugu da ƙari, idan akwai nau'i na wasulan a cikin kalma, to, kana buƙatar furta kowanne daga cikinsu, sai dai in ba haka ba ne, ba na diphthong ba: aeiouy - eeeoui.

Ƙananan game da karatun: damuwa

Kuma game da danniya. Babu rikitarwa kalmomi tare da lafazi a karshe syllable - yawanci shi ne a kan uku syllable daga karshen. Idan ma'anar ƙaddamarwa ta dade yana da dogon lokaci, to, danniya zai faɗo a kansa. Dogon lokaci shine ma'anar da mai amfani ya rufe a yayin da ma'anar ta gaba ta fara da mai amfani (honeStus), in ba haka ba (victoRia) ma'anar za ta takaice kuma, sabili da haka, ba tare da wata damuwa ba. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara girman ma'anar idan yana fuskantar sau biyu ko sau uku (maxilla). A cikin suffixes -ur- da -at- (mixtura, immaturus), ma'anar ma yana da tsawo, yayin da a cikin -ul- da -ol-, a akasin wannan, shi ne gajeren gajeren lokaci. Wani muhimmin mahimmanci: an samo daga kalmar Helenanci yawanci suna riƙe da damuwa (peritoneum).