Kwayar cututtukan kwayoyin cutar ta kwayar cutar HIV a cikin yara: Sanadin cututtukan cututtuka, maganin cututtuka, da kuma maganin Jiyya

Tambarin bincike na Tuberculin shine hanyar bincike don ƙayyade lafiyar mutum zuwa kwayoyin tarin fuka. Jarabawar tana damar ƙayyade ko akwai kamuwa da cuta a jiki. Mafi gwaji na gwaji shine gwajin Mantoux.

Abin da ake kira bend na gwajin tuberculin

Yawancin iyaye, a karo na farko sun ji labarin ganewar "jujjuyawar gwaji", tambayi abin da yake. Wani sakamako na gwajin gwaji na farko shine ake kira jarrabawar jarrabawa, idan har cewa sakamakon ya kasance mummunan. Dalili na turnaround zai iya zama ko dai inoculation da tarin fuka, ko kuma kamuwa da cutar. A kowane hali, bayan jin wannan lokaci, ba lallai ba ne don tsoro: don tabbatarwa ta ƙarshe akan ganewar asirin yaro ya kamata ya fuskanci gwaje-gwaje da yawa. Kuma bayan bayan kammala cikakken jarrabawa likita zai iya yaduwar ganewar ƙarshe.

Mantoux

Maganar Mantoux ita ce mayar da martani ga jiki ga cinye tuberculin. A cikin ɓangaren injection na miyagun ƙwayoyi akwai halayyar halayen da jini ya haifar da rigakafi. Idan kwayar cutar tarin fuka ta kasance a cikin jikin mutum, karfin kwayar cutar zuwa allurar za ta fi ƙarfin kuma gwaji zai nuna sakamako mai kyau. Daidaitawa tare da taimakon mai mulki wanda ake kira papule (a cikin sauƙi, "Mantoux" button), ƙayyade yadda za a dauki nauyin rigakafin ɗan adam zuwa kwayar cutar tarin fuka. An haramta jigilar gwajin Mantux a gaban fata ko cututtukan cututtuka, kazalika da marasa lafiya da ke fama da mummunar rashin lafiya.

Sakamakon gwajin a cikin yara

A mafi yawan lokuta, abin da yaron ya yi don maganin shi ne korau. A cikin sauran 30% na yara, samfurin ya bada sakamako mai ban mamaki ko sakamako mai kyau.

Ciwon kwayar cutar kwayar cutar yaron yaro ne a lokacin da ya fara. Kayan yanki na Koch shine ma'auni na shigar cikin jiki. Tare da rashin ƙarfi na rigakafi, kamuwa da cuta ya shiga cikin jikin nan da nan ya kuma shiga cikin rayuwar ta. Mai ba da lahani na tarin fuka bazai iya nuna kansa ba har sai yanayin da ya dace don watsawa. Hanyar tuntuɓar kwayoyin cutar tarin fuka tare da jikin yaron yana da wuyar gaske. Yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 3 suna da haɗari. A wannan shekarun cikin 90% na lokuta, samun kamuwa da cuta cikin jiki yana kaiwa ga farawar cutar.

Duk yara wa anda ke maganin tarin fuka sun shiga aikin gwajin tuberculin kowace shekara.

Sakamakon bincike mai kyau

Hanya da jarrabawar tuberculin ta kasance a cikin yara shi ne canji mai dadi a sakamakon mummunar sakamakon sakamako mai kyau a cikin lokaci. Shirin yana kunshe da wadannan matakai:

1. A sakamakon sakamakon gwaji na farko, an gano sakamakon bincike na yaudara ko sakamakon rashin lafiya.
2. Bincike na biyu ya nuna ƙara yawan ƙananan zafi har zuwa 15 mm.
3. Binciken na gaba ya nuna karuwa a cikin papule ta 5 mm idan aka kwatanta da mataki na biyu.

Sakamakon ganewar "jarrabawar tuberculin" a cikin yara ba ya nufin cewa yaron yana da lafiya da tarin fuka. Wani karuwa a cikin papule wani lokaci shine sakamakon rashin lafiyan jikin jiki zuwa allura. Amma, a matsayin mai mulkin, juyayi ya nuna kasancewar kwayoyin cutar cikin jikin yaron. Don ganewar asali, likita zai ba wa marasa lafiya ƙarin jarrabawa.

Da ra'ayin Dr. Komarovsky

Yana da ban sha'awa don sanin ra'ayi na masanin ilimin likitancin Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky game da tanƙwarar gwajin tuberculin a cikin yara. Dikita ya ce sakamako mai kyau na gwaji na Mantoux ya nuna kasancewa a cikin jikin jariri a cikin tubercle bacillus. Hanyar kara fadar majalisa tana nuna ci gaba da rigakafi. Bugu da ari Komarovsky ya ba da shawarar yin ƙarin jarrabawar jariri: shan jarrabawa sosai, dauki gwajin jini, yin furotin. Idan waɗannan matakan sun tabbatar da ganewar asali, kana buƙatar fara fara maganin tarin fuka. Idan ba'a tabbatar da tuhumar ba, ana ganin yaron yana da lafiya kuma ba a buƙatar ƙarin matakan don ganewar asali da magani ba.

Wani lokaci malamin likita yana da shakka game da ganewar asali. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da ba za a iya fassara magungunan X-ray ba. A wannan yanayin, Yevgeny Olegovich ya shawarci gudanar da wani tsari na rigakafi da Isoniazid. Kwalejin bugun kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta sami damar bunkasa cikin tarin fuka na gaskiya a tsawon lokaci. Zai iya wucewa 5, wani lokacin har ma shekaru 10, kuma ba a yalwata a lokacin da kwayoyin cutar za su zama mummunar cuta.

Halin yiwuwar irin wannan tsari shine kashi 0.5%, amma duk da haka a mafi yawan lokuta likitoci sun sake komawa da kuma tsara kwayoyin kwayoyin yara. A wannan yanayin, Dokta Komarovsky ya shawarci iyaye kada su amince da likitocin da basu dace ba, kuma su yanke shawarar kansu.

Yin amfani da "isoniazid"

Tsarin maganin tarin fuka yana da tsawo, musamman tun da, bayan an kammala, mai haƙuri yana buƙatar ƙarin gyaran gyare-gyare. Saboda haka, rigakafin tarin fuka yana da muhimmanci fiye da yadda ake jiyya. Jiyya na tanƙwara na gwajin tuberculin a cikin yara tare da taimakon isoniazid wani muhimmin abu ne na matakan tarin fuka. Nazarin ya nuna cewa yin amfani da isoniazid yana baka damar rage kashi 90 cikin 100 na yiwuwar tayar da tarin fuka a cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar.

Wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da tasiri akan kwayoyin tarin fuka, wanda yake a cikin mataki na haifuwa, kuma yana rushe microorganisms na cutar a cikin sauran lokaci. An lura da ingancin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba kawai a cikin maganin tarin fuka ba, amma kuma a cikin rigakafi. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa amfani da "Isoniazid" ya kamata a yi kawai a cikin waɗannan yanayi lokacin da ganewar asali ya nuna alamun hadarin gaske don ci gaban wannan cuta. Ana nuna wa miyagun ƙwayoyi ne kawai ga marasa lafiya wadanda ganewar asali zai iya yaduwa da kwayoyin cuta da tarin fuka ko kuma nuna yiwuwar tasowa siffofin cutar.

"Isoniazid" an wajabta wa yara da suka sadu da masu dauke da cutar. Bayan watanni 3 bayan gwajin magani, yaron ya nuna gwajin Mantoux. Hanya na amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ga yara yana da watanni 2. "Isoniazid" an ɗauke shi a cikin adadin har zuwa 10 MG kowace kilogram na jiki na jiki a kowace rana.

Hadarin kamuwa da cuta daga jariri

Masanan binciken da masu ilimin cutar annoba suka nuna sun nuna cewa a cikin halin da ake ciki na tarin fuka, yara suna da wuya a haɗu da wasu yara ko manya. Tsara yara yana da kyauta daga sputum, kuma mummunar motsa jiki a cikin yaro ba zai iya yaduwa kwayoyin kwayoyin ba a iska. A lokaci guda kuma, matasa masu fama da cututtuka suna iya kawo cutar. A lokacin da gano kwayar cutar tarin fuka a cikin yaron, likitocin likitoci sun ba da umurni da rabu da ƙwararrun masu haƙuri. Duk da haka, an tabbatar da cewa irin wannan ma'auni ba abu ne mai ban mamaki ba: an ba da yaduwa a cikin kwayar cutar tuberculin a cikin yara.