Kwarangwal na babba reshe. babba reshe kwarangwal aiki

A lokacin juyin halitta daga cikin mutum kwarangwal wata gabar jiki halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Saboda haka, kafafu, yin, tabbatar da adana jiki a karkata zuwa ga gaskiya matsayi da kuma goyi bayan aiki na motsi, da kuma da hannayensu suka zama kayan aiki. Next, la'akari da mafi kwarangwal na da babba reshe: tsarin da ayyuka da cewa shi aikin.

Overview

A kwarangwal na mutum babba reshe a cikin shakka daga phylogeny samu babba motsi. Saboda gaban clavicle, wanda ya samar da da connection na ƙashi na daga hannuwa da jiki, mutane za su iya yi quite m ƙungiyoyi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, abubuwa kunshe a cikin free babba reshe ƙasũsuwa da m hadin gwiwa tare da juna. Wannan Gaskiya ne, ga yankin na hannu da hannu da dantse. Kwarangwal aiki daga cikin manya wata gabar jiki ne m isa. Hands saba da hadaddun iri aiki. Saboda da manyan yawan ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci, da yatsunsu iya yin wani daban-daban aiki daga rubutu zuwa wani taro sunadaran. Foot, mukaddashin kamar yadda jiki motsi da kuma jiki goyon baya a sarari, ya hada da mafi m da m kashi. Su motsi a dangane da juna ne kasa muhimmanci. Kwarangwal na manya da ƙananan wata gabar jiki da aka yi da general shirin. Yana hada biyu sassa.

da babba iyakar kwarangwal: ƙasusuwan da bel

Wannan bangare ya hada da:

• Scapula. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin wani nau'i na triangular lebur kashi. uku baki tsaye a cikin ruwa. A musamman, akwai wani kaikaice, tsakiya kuma da babba part. Har ila yau, akwai uku ruwa kwana. Daya - ƙananan, na biyu - da tsakiya, da kuma na uku - a kaikaice, bi da bi. The ruwa ne m zuwa ga raya gefen daga cikin kirji. An located a yankin tsakanin II-VII hakarkarinsa. A kashi ne ba glenoid kogo. Ana amfani da haɗi zuwa karankarma. A kan raya surface na ruwa da aka kyan gani protrusion. An located laterally. Wannan protrusion ne Awn vane raba supraspinatus da infraspinatus fossa.
• Karankarma. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na wani S-dimbin yawa tubular ƙasũsuwa. A cikinsa akwai biyu karshen - kafada (acromion) da kuma breastbone, da kuma jiki. Clavicle ne kawai kashi ta hanyar da kwarangwal na da babba reshe an haɗa da jikin mutum kashi tsarin. Sternal ƙarshen widened kashi. Ya articulates tare da rike da sternum. Flat kafada karshen an haɗa zuwa kafada ruwa.

A kashi na biyu

Yana kwarangwal na babba reshe kunshi da hannunka, hannu da dantse da kafada kashi. A karshe kashi da aka wakilta daya kashi - humerus. A goga hada da wani yatsa phalanx, metacarpus da kuma wuyan hannu. A hannu da dantse rarrabe tsakanin biyu abubuwa. Ya nuna ulna da radius.

humerus

Yana da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na dogon tubular memba. A rarrabe kashi diaphysis (jiki) 2 da kuma epiphysis (karshen): manya da ƙananan. Na farko shi ne a taso articular kai. Yana hidima a haɗa shi da kafada ruwa. A babba karshen ne rabu da jiki ta hanyar ilimin Halittar Jiki wuyansa. Kasa shi suna located a cikin matsanancin gefen hillocks (tadawa) - ƙanana da manyan. Sun rabu da wani tsagi. A quntata rabo ba a cikin jiki da cewa shi ne mafi kusanta zuwa ga shugaban, kira a matsayin "m wuyansa." A cikin kashi surface roughness ne ma yanzu. Yana hidima a matsayin shafin da aka makala domin na deltoid tsoka. Ƙananan epiphysis ne fadada da kuma zama condyle. Yana hidima a haɗa shi da hadin gwiwa tare da radius da ulna ƙasũsuwa.

hannu da dantse

A wannan bangare na kwarangwal na da babba reshe ya hada biyu abubuwa:

• Ulna. Shi ya ta'allaka ne tare da ciki surface a gefe na Ƙaramin yatsana (V yatsa). A babba ƙarshen memba ne mafi m. Akwai biyu tsari: da gwiwar hannu da baya da kuma gaban - coronal. Suna raba trochlear daraja haɗi zuwa kafada kashi. A waje (a kaikaice) gefe na coronoid aiwatar qunshi wani radial sabon. Yana Forms wani hadin gwiwa tare da da'irar. A cikin ƙananan ƙarshen ulna Forms da kai. Yana rarrabe articular surface a wani nau'i na da'irar for dangane da ulnar daraja a cikin katako kashi. A ciki (tsakiya) gefen wuce styloid tsari.
• Radial kashi. Yana da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na dogon tubular memba. Radius kara tare da matsanancin gefen surface na babban (na farko) fil. Its babba karshen an kafa wani cylindrical shugaban siffar. Shi ne yanzu glenoid fossa da da'irar. A babba iyakar a cikin radius da ulna ƙasũsuwa suna da hannu a cikin samuwar cikin hadin gwiwa. Ƙananan rabo yana da wani ulnar daraja, styloid aiwatar da a kaikaice. Akwai kuma ba carpal articular surface. Ƙananan gefe na radius da ulna ƙasũsuwa samar da wuyan hannu hadin gwiwa tare da saman jere na carpal ƙasũsuwa.

buroshi

Kwarangwal na babba reshe a cikin wannan yankin da aka wakilta, ƙashi na daga cikin wuyan hannu, metacarpus da yatsunsu. A farko zone kunshi biyu layuka na gajeren spongy kashi (hudu kowane). A wuyan hannu ƙasũsuwa m. A babba gefen farko jere an haɗa zuwa da radial kashi, ta hanyar da articular surface. Ƙananan rabo na biyu tushe ne a haɗe zuwa metacarpal kashi. Metacarpus wakilta biyar short tubular ƙasũsuwa. Dauke daga farkon na yatsa. A halin yanzu shugaban kowane metacarpal kashi, da kuma tushe jiki. A farko kashi ne da alaƙa zuwa babba a cikin Game phalanx yatsa. Phalanx wakiltar tubular takaice kashi abubuwa. Sun gabatar da kansa, wani tushe da kuma jiki. Biyu na farko abubuwa suna bambanta articular surface. A saman phalanges, wannan sashi yana da wani maha? Ar da kai na dacewa da ƙasũsuwa pasterns, daga cikin ƙananan kuma tsakiyar - tare da cirewa (proximal) phalanx. A thumb akwai biyu dogon kasũsuwa, ashe, da sauran - uku.

Age siffofin na ci gaba: kashi bel

Duk da abubuwa kunshe a cikin kwarangwal na babba reshe, fãce clavicle, suna connective mataki, guringuntsi, kashi.

• Lopatka. Its farko site na ossification da aka aza a watan biyu na fetal ci gaba. Daga wannan lokaci na bunkasa kashin baya da kuma jiki sashi. By karshen 1st shekara na rayuwa a cikin coracoid aza mai zaman kanta sashe na ossification, kuma zuwa 15-18 shekaru - shi ne kafa a acromion. A 15-19, da coracoid aiwatar coalesces tare da shebur.
• Karankarma. Its ossification auku farkon isa. Wannan sashe kara wani kwarangwal - connective - mataki. 6-7-th mako. a cikin mahaifa batu na ossification bayyana. An located in tsakiyar connective toho. Wannan rabo ne kafa da kuma clavicle acromial karshen na jiki, wanda a jarirai da aka kunsa kusan gaba ɗaya daga kashi nama. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na sternum guringuntsi aka kafa. ossification na tsakiya da ta bayyana ne kawai 16-18 shekaru, wanda aka Fused da kashi a jikin 20-25 shekaru.
• Hanya. A proximal epiphysis ne da samuwar sakandare ossification maki: babba da kananan tudun ga 1-5-th, da kuma shugaban ne yawanci 1 shekara na rayuwa. A cikin shekaru 3-7 lita. Shi ne su fe, kuma 13-25 shekaru - shiga cikin diaphysis. A distal rabo daga epiphysis ossification kafa har zuwa 5 shekaru na rayuwa, a kaikaice epicondyle - to 4-6, da tsakiya - to 4-11. By 13-21, duk wani ɓangare Fused da diaphysis.

midsection

• Ulna. A 7-14 shekaru, a cikin proximal epiphysis ossification batu da aka aza. Daga shi zai fara olecranon, wanda shi ne yanzu trochlear daraja. Domin 3-14 shekaru kafa yankunan ossification a distal epiphysis. Fadada, da kashi nama Forms da styloid aiwatar da kai. Fusion na proximal epiphysis na jiki faruwa a ranar 13-20 ga watan shekara, distal - 15-25 m.
• Radius. By 2.5-10 shekaru aza rabo daga ossification na proximal epiphysis. Diaphysis Fusion faruwa a 13-25 shekaru.

Gabancin goga abubuwa

• Wuyan hannu. Bayan da haihuwa ta fara ossification na guringuntsi. 1-2 K-th shekara na rayuwa a cikin hamate da capitate kashi ossification nufi an kafa a kan 3rd - a triangular, 4th - lunate, 5th - navicular, 6-7-m - trapezoid, a kan 8th - a pisiform.
• Pastern. Bookmark ƙasũsuwa kafa wannan sashi ya auku a baya fiye da a cikin wuyan hannu. Zone na ossification a diaphysis dage farawa zuwa 9-10 makonni na da amfrayo ci gaba, tare da togiya na farko kashi. Yana rabo kafa don 10-11 makonni. A epiphysis ossification zone bayyana tsakanin watanni 10. da kuma 7 da shekaru. By 15-25 shekaru akwai Fusion na diaphysis da shugaban na metacarpal kashi.
• Phalanx. Point of ossification gawarwakin distal abubuwa bayyana a tsakiyar watan biyu na da amfrayo ci gaba, proximal - to saman, da kuma tsakiyar - karshen watan uku. A phalanx daga cikin tushe rabo bayyana tsakanin 5 months. da kuma 7 da shekaru. A increment na jiki daukan wuri a kan 14-21 shekara.

A kwarangwal na babba reshe yana da wata rikitarwa tsarin a wadda kazhdyyelement taka rawar a.