Fadada talikai: gudun da aiwatar

Sararin duniya ba ƙarama bace. Wannan ya tabbatar da bincike da falakin Edwin Hubble a shekara ta 1929, kusan 90 da suka wuce. A wannan tunani da ya lura da yawan taurari Mun shiryar da motsi. Wani gano astrophysicists a karshen karni na ashirin da lissafi na fadada daga cikin Universe da hanzari.

Kamar yadda shi ne ake kira fadada daga cikin talikai

Wasu suna mamaki ya ji, kamar yadda masana kimiyya kira fadada daga cikin talikai. Wannan sunan ake dangantawa da mafiya yawa daga cikin tattalin arziki, da mummunan zato.

Kumbura - ne tsari na fadada daga cikin talikai nan da nan bayan da ya faru, tare da kaifi hanzari. A Turanci da kalmar "kumbura" - "famfo", "cika".

New shakku game da wanzuwar duhu makamashi a matsayin wani factor na sararin samaniya ka'idar kumbura amfani da makiya fadada ka'idar.

Sa'an nan masana kimiyya sun samarwa a taswirar baki ramukan. Harufan data ne daban-daban daga waɗanda aka samu a wata marigayi mataki:

1. Dubu sittin baki ramukan da wani nisa tsakanin mafi m fiye da goma sha miliyan haske shekaru tafi - shekaru hudu da haihuwa data.
2. Daya ɗari da tamanin da dubu taurari da baki ramukan da kau da goma sha uku da miliyan haske-shekara. A data samu ta hanyar kimiyya, gami da Rasha nukiliya lissafin kimiyya a farkon shekara ta 2017.

Wannan bayani, ka ce astrophysicists ba su saba wa gargajiya model na sararin samaniya.

A kudi na fadada daga cikin talikai - matsala ga cosmologists

A kudi na bazuwa ne da gaske da matsala ga cosmologists da kuma ilmin Taurari. Duk da haka, da cewa da kudi na fadada daga cikin talikai ba na dindindin zaɓi, cosmologists kada ka yi jayayya mafi discrepancies wuce zuwa wani jirgin sama - a lokacin da fadada fara hanzarta. Data a kan nomadism a bakan na sosai m supernovae taurari na farko da irin gardamar cewa tsawo - wannan ba zato ba tsammani zo a kan tsari.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa na farko da biyar shekaru biliyan sararin samaniya da aka yi ƙunci.

A farko effects na Big Bang, da farko tsokani wani karfi fadada sa'an nan ƙanƙancewa fara. Amma duhu makamashi ne har yanzu rinjayi da ci gaban duniya. Kuma tare da hanzari.

American masana kimiyya sun fara kafa Girman sararin samaniya maps for daban-daban epochs, don gano lokacin da hanzari ya fara. Yin supernova fashe, kazalika da shugabanci na maida hankali duhu al'amari a zamanin d yawan taurari, cosmologists lura siffofin da hanzari.

Me talikai ne "tarwatsa"

Da farko, an fahimci cewa a cikin zana taswira da girman da Universe hanzari dabi'u ne ba mikakke, kuma ya juya a cikin wani ba tare da kalaman. Yana da aka kira da "kalaman na sararin samaniya."

Universe Wave ce hanzari ba za a akai gudun: shi ne ragae saukar, to, kara. Kuma sau da yawa. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa akwai bakwai daga wadannan matakai domin 13,81 shekaru biliyan bayan da Big Bang.

Duk da haka, cosmologists iya ba tukuna amsa tambaya na abin da kayyade cikin hanzari-deceleration. Zaton an rage wa da ra'ayin cewa da makamashi filin, wanda fãra duhu makamashi, duniya shi ne batun kalaman. Kuma motsi daga wuri guda zuwa wani, duniya da aka fadada hanzari, inda hakan shi.

Duk da tabbatacce muhawara, suka har yanzu kasance har ka'idar. Astrophysicists fatan cewa bayanai Space kawo nesa kusa "plank" ya tabbatar da wanzuwar cikin tãguwar ruwa na sararin samaniya.

Lokacin da muka samu duhu makamashi

Domin da farko lokacin da mutane magana game da shi a cikin nineties saboda supernova fashewar. A yanayi na duhu da makamashi ne ba a sani ba. Ko da yake shi ne har yanzu Albert Einstein gano cosmological m cikin ka'idar dangantakar.

A 1916, da shekara ɗari da suka wuce, duniya na yanzu dauke canzawa. Amma da janye karfi interposed: cosmic talakawa zai ko da yaushe buga juna, idan duniya sun m. Einstein ya sanar da nauyi saboda cosmic sojojin na tunkuxe.

Zhorzh Lemetr gaskata da shi ta hanyar da kimiyyar lissafi. Injin ƙunshi makamashi. Saboda da oscillations, kai ga bayyanar da barbashi kuma su kara lalata makamashi zama m karfi.

Lokacin da Hubble tabbatar da fadada daga cikin sararin samaniya, Einstein kira da cosmological m maganar banza.

A sakamakon duhu makamashi

Halittar koma baya a wani m gudun. A 1998, duniya ya gabatar da bayanai da bincike na farko da irin supernova fashewar. An tabbatar da cewa duniya da aka girma sauri da sauri.

Wannan ya faru saboda ba a sani ba, abu da aka kira "duhu makamashi." Sai dai itace cewa yana daukan kusan 70% na sarari na sararin samaniya. Jigon da dũkiyarsu da kuma yanayin duhu makamashi ne ba su gane ba, amma ta masana kimiyya na kokarin gane ko ta yi a cikin wasu taurari.

A shekara ta 2016, mun lasafta daidai kudi na fadada a nan gaba, amma akwai wani mismatch: halittu ne fadada a wata sauri kudi fiye da a baya a zaci astrophysics. Daga cikin masana kimiyya sparked shawara game da wanzuwar duhu makamashi da kuma tasirinta a kan kudi na fadada daga cikin haddi a cikin sararin samaniya.

Universe bazuwa ne babu duhu makamashi

A ka'idar 'yancin kai na fadada daga cikin talikai duhu makamashi tsari sun ci gaba da masana kimiyya a farkon shekara ta 2017. Fadada su bayyana canji a tsarin da sararin samaniya.

Masana kimiyya daga Budapest University of Hawaii da kuma zo ga ƙarshe cewa hilafa tsakanin da ainihin biya da kuma kudi na fadada dangantaka da canje-canje a cikin Properties na sarari. Babu daya dauki la'akari da cewa akwai wani model na sararin samaniya tare da fadada.

Shakka da wanzuwar duhu makamashi, masana kimiyya bayyana, babbar fi mai da hankali kome a cikin sararin samaniya shafi ta bazuwa. A wannan sauran abun ciki da aka rarraba uniformly. Duk da haka, a gaskiya ya zauna unaccounted for.

Don nuna da inganci na ta da zaton mu, masana kimiyya sun samarwa a model mini-talikai. Sun gabatar da shi a cikin nau'i na kumfa, ya fara kafa kauda sigogi na ci gaban da kowane kumfa a kansa kudi, dangane da salla.

Wannan kwaikwaiyo na sararin samaniya masana kimiyya ya nuna cewa shi za a iya canza ba tare da shan la'akari makamashi. Kuma idan "admixed" duhu makamashi, da model bai sauya ba, masana kimiyya ce.

A general, da muhawara ne har yanzu faruwa. Magoya bayan ce duhu makamashi, shi rinjayar da fadada daga cikin talikai iyakoki, abokan adawar tsaya a kan kansa, jayayya cewa, darajar ne taro na al'amarin.

A kudi na fadada daga cikin talikai ne yanzu

Masana kimiyya yi imani cewa duniya ya fara girma bayan da Big Bang. Sa'an nan kusan goma sha huɗu shekaru biliyan suka wuce, an gano cewa, cikin kudi na fadada daga cikin talikai sauri fiye da haske. Kuma shi ya ci gaba da girma.

A cikin littafin da Stephen Hawking da Leonard Mlodinova "A Briefer History of Time," Notes cewa cikin kudi na fadada daga kan iyakoki ba zai iya wuce 10% na wani biliyan shekaru.

Domin sanin abin da kudi na fadada daga cikin sararin samaniya, a cikin 2016 Adam Riess lashe kyautar Nobel lasafta da nisa zuwa pulsating Cepheids a nan kusa taurari da juna. Wadannan data yarda mana mu lissafi da kudi. An gano cewa galaxy a nesa ba kasa da miliyan uku haske shekaru tafi motsi tafi a gudun kusan 73 km / s.

A sakamakon haka ne m: da orbital nesa, wannan "plank", yi magana game da 69 km / s. Me ake gyarawa irin wannan bambanci, da masana kimiyya ba zai iya ba da amsa: ba su san wani abu game da asalin na duhu al'amarin, wanda na goyon bayan ka'idar da fadada talikai.

duhu radiation

Wani factor shi ne "hanzari" na sararin duniya, Taurari sun gano tare da taimakon "Hubble". Dark radiation da suka yi sun bayyana a farkon talikai. Sa'an nan da aka fi a cikin makamashi, ba kome.

Dark radiation "taimake" duhu makamashi fadada da iyakoki da sararin samaniya. Bambance-bambance a cikin definition of hanzari rates kasance saboda da rashin tabbas na watsi, da masu bincike sun ce.

Bugu da ari, aikin "Hubble" shi ne ya sa kallo mafi m.

M makamashi iya halakar da sararin samaniya

Irin wannan labari, masana kimiyya suna la'akari da dama da suka gabata, wadannan "Planck" Space Observatory ce cewa wannan ba kawai hasashe. Suka buga a shekarar 2013.

"Plank" auna "amsa kuwwa" na Big Bang, wanda ya bayyana a cikin shekaru na sararin samaniya game da 380.000 shekaru, da zazzabi da aka 2700 digiri. Bugu da ƙari, da yawan zafin jiki ya bambanta. "Plank" da kuma gano "tsarin" talikai:

• kusan 5% - star, cosmic turɓãya, gas sarari, galaxy.
• kusan 27% - da taro na duhu al'amari.
• game da 70% - duhu makamashi.

Likita Robert Kolduel da shawarar cewa duhu makamashi yana da ikon ya girma. Kuma wannan makamashi zai cire haɗin sarari-lokaci. Galaxy za a raba a gaba ashirin zuwa hamsin shekaru biliyan, masana kimiyya ce. Wannan tsari zai auku a iyakokin mafitar fadada talikai. Wannan hawaye na Milky Way taurari, kuma shi ma zai fada baya.

Cosmos auna daga game da miliyan sittin da shekaru. Rana za ta yi wani Dwarf star Fading, kuma shi zai ware daga duniya. Bayan zuwa fashe Duniya. Ga na gaba talatin da minti, da sarari zai karya kwayoyin halitta. A karshe zai zama halakar da tsarin da sarari-lokaci.

Ina "tashi" da Milky Way

Urushalima Masana ilmin yi imani da cewa Milky Way zira matsakaicin gudun, wanda shi ne mafi girma fiye da na kudi na fadada daga cikin talikai. Masana kimiyya siffantãwa wannan da so da Milky Way to da "Great Attractor", an dauki mafi girma tari na taurari. Tun da Milky Way daga cikin sarari na hamada.

Masana kimiyya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na ji na gudun fadada daga cikin talikai, don haka babu guda sakamakon wannan siga.