Kamar yadda wani malamin Canada ƙirƙira kwando

A bambanci ga irin wannan m tawagar tarbiyya kamar kwallon kafa, hockey da kuma baseball, canzawa a hankali, kwando gare ta bayyanar to zato LonE kirkiro. Wannan wasanni da aka haife godiya ga James Naismith, a ilimin motsa jiki malami North American. Hakika, a yau asali kwando dokoki modified da kuma inganta, kiyaye kawai babban ka'idodinta wasan. Duk da haka, to sun tsira da farko 13 dokoki, buga a kan biyu typewritten shafukan. Yana da lokaci zuwa shiga cikin tarihin rare game.

Harsh winters na North America

Dzheyms Neysmit yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilimin motsa jiki a Springfield duniya horo makaranta da kuma ta dalibai saboda matalauta yanayin yanayi sun sau da yawa aka tilasta horar ba a kan titi, da kuma a cikin dakin motsa jiki. Tawagar da ake bukata a tsanani motsa jiki, da kuma monotonous darussan a cikin zauren gundura da sauri. Ko da modified yanayi na ajiye kwallon kafa ba zai ajiye halin da ake ciki. A wannan shekara, a garin Springfield (Massachusetts) aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara riga a cikin marigayi kaka. A kan tituna bugãwa Blizzard cewa quncin rai da kowa da kowa: tawaye dalibai, da kuma wuraren da shugabannina.

Makonni biyu domin da sabuwar dabara

Our gwarzo, duk da ya matasa, da kuma shekara ta biyu ta koyarwa aiki, da aka sani a matsayin bidi'a. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa ya aka ɗõra wa sabuwar dabara na wasan, wanda zai sha da irrepressible makamashi na dalibai a lokacin hunturu watanni. All kawai makonni biyu da aka bai game da duk.

Uku bukatu

A farko, 31-shekara 'yan qasar na Canada karatu da kwarewa da sauran tawagar wasanni, ya dauki daga gare su ne kawai mafi muhimmanci. A ra'ayi na bidi'a sun kwallon kafa, baseball, hockey, Rugby da ya ru ~ anya. wasanni da bukukuwa kamata ba cuta da 'yan wasa (da suka yi duk da haka ya sami ilimi), mai ikon gwagwarmaya tsakanin kishiyoyi ya kamata a kiyaye zuwa m (fi sauri watsa abokin), kazalika da jeri na zobe ake ƙãgãwa' yan wasa: Saboda haka da uku main bukatun ga sabon wasan da aka samu.

"Duck a kan wani Rock"

Babu wani sanannen tawagar marigayi 19th karni, da wasanni ba dace da daidai da bukatun da Naismith. Kuma a sa'an nan kocin ya tuna yadda yadda yaro tare da boys a cikin yadi, su sau da yawa yana da fun Playing "duck a kan wani dutse." A dokoki sun yi sauki: a player da samun da dutse a saman "kankara" (da ya fi girma da girman da dutse.) Kamar yadda wani yaro, nan gaba kirkiro kwando fahimci cewa lashe ne, ba wanda ya jefa wuya, amma wanda zai sami cikakken jħfa hanya. Yana yana kan yaron ta hannu, domin bai tabbatar da ban sha'awa anthropometric data, ko da yake ya kasance mai wuce yarda da agile da kuma karfi. Saboda haka, yaro ya play na Canada boys ya ba da dalilin wani sabon irin wasanni.

filin rana

21 ga Disamba, 1896 Dzheyms Neysmit barrantar da dakin motsa jiki na makaranta na gymnastics kayan aiki, ya sa wani katako dandali, ya bar kawai a kwallon kafa ball. Ya tambayi sarkin ƙofa kawo biyu kwalaye da kuma rataya su a kan balconies. Amma maimakon kwalaye mutumin ya kawo kwandon lemo karkashin. Ba cire kasa, Naismith kulla da "kayan aiki" a kasa daga cikin baranda a kan tarnaƙi na zauren. Abin mamaki, wannan tsawo - 3 mita 5 santimita - shi ne har yanzu a cikin kwando dokoki canzawa. Business ga kananan: bar tattara tawagar.

The kirkiro ya sa dalibai da kuma raba su ƙungiya biyu teams, kowanne daga abin da suka 9 mutane. Ya ba da 'yan wasa a wasan kwallon kafa ball, da kuma nuna musu kwanduna, wanda aka samu a kowane karshen zauren. Next Naismith bayyana ra'ayin: kowane tawagar ya jefa kwallon a cikin kwandon abokan adawarsa. Alkalin wasa ya hura tashi ƙaho, to, da tarihi, da farko, a duniya, wasan na} wallon kwando, ya fara.

A wasan farko

Yana da aka sanar da kawai mulki: wani ya zauna a kan baranda da kuma ninka saukar da ball makale a cikin kwandon a cikin hali na wani cikakken jħfa. Duk da haka, babu jagororin ga 'yan wasa da sauri ya kai ga matsaloli. Matasa sun yanke shawarar cewa za ka iya shura ƙafãfunku, kõ kuwa dauki wani harsashi daga abokan gaba. Naismith ba da lokacin da za su rarrabe su dalibai. Yãki ga ball kasance haka m, kuma m, cewa daya daga cikin matasa a wasan farko da ya sanã'anta "a gurde kafada, yayin da wani da aka buga fita. "Ya fi kama da wani titi yaki ko ta faɗa ba tare da dokokin" - kamar yadda daga baya gane a daya daga cikin airs kirkiro kwando.

Naismith sa ran gazawar bayan na farko da wasan. Tunanin ya mamaki a lokacin da boys kewaye ta shawarta kuma ya fara roƙonka yi wasa sake. Duk da rudeness, sabon ball wasan hutu matasa. Saboda haka, malamin ya gaggawa gabatar da wasu m gazawa. Kwanaki da dama da aka kashe a tabbatar da cewa malamin jiki al'ada ɓullo da 13 dokoki da aka buga, a biyu shafukan Sakatare. Bayani, aka yanke shawarar zuwa alama a kan bango na dakin motsa jiki. Saboda haka, kowace player da aka sadaukar da igiyoyi.

A gabatarwar da dokoki

A mafi muhimmanci mulki ya cewa player da ball, ba za a iya kai hari. Wannan bidi'a zai taimaka wa kauce wa rikicin da ya yi yãki. Next wasan ya nuna cewa Naismith aka tunanin a kan hanya. 'Yan wasa ya fara yin sauri yanke shawara cewa taimake su yi aiki da sauri sauri. Duk da haka fouls wani abokin gaba da rike da ball, har yanzu ya kasance. Naismith ga bullo da wani tsarin na free jefa, amma watsi da wannan ra'ayin sa'ad da ya fahimci cewa dalibai da sauri Master da dabara na kisa.

Bugu da ari, kirkiro ya fuskanci wani sabon kalubale: kare 'yan wasa da sauri gane cewa dabara na tausayin fouls kuma yana biya dividends. Saboda haka, da ya tilasta wa gabatar da wani mulki na azãba, dõmin kan-kan tawagar fouls. 'Yan wasa da ake hana sa abokan adawar matakai, da tura, yajin, rike da abokin gaba da kuma hana yi a cikin manufa. Da farko, wasan kunshi biyu 15-minti segments. Saboda haka, fitina da kuma kuskure, na farko da jagororin ga wasan na} wallon kwando da aka samu.

Sunan wasan

Wahayi zuwa gare ta dalibai da shawarar wani sabon wasan da ake kira "Naismith-ball." Duk da haka, da ya kirkiro ba ya so ya tĩlasta da hankali ga kansa mutum, da kuma shawarar da wani madadin sunan kunshi kalmomi biyu - «kwandon ball», wanda yake nufin "kwandon-ball".

Good sake dubawa a cikin latsa

Da jama'a suka saba da sabon wasan bayan buga laudatory articles a cikin rare edition na The Bamuda. Tun Fabrairu 15, 1892 game da wasan} wallon kwando koya dukan of America. A haɗe zuwa labarin 13 daga cikin dokoki (a lokacin da wani daga cikin wasanni magoya a wasu sassa na kasar na son wasan} wallon kwandon cikin kayayyakin lokaci.) A ƙarshe, marubucin labarin ya jaddada da mutunci da sabon game: cigaban dabarun tunani da kuma bunkasa tsokoki da cewa yin wannan wasan kwallon mafi horo .

A brainchild Naismith sauri kama a cikin wasu dalibai da wuraren

Kwando American College yada kamar wildfire. Zai yiwu akwai wani sauran wasanni, gabatarwa da wanda zai faru don haka cikin hanzari. Son sabon horo da aka tsince ta da wata yarinya. Za shafin, matasa da 'yan wasa da aka ado a rigunan mata da wando. Da alama wannan wasan ne yafi na mata fiye da wani m kwallon kafa.

Kamar yadda wani malamin ya zama kocin

Hakika, Dzheyms Neysmit bai zauna daga kwando albarku. Tuni a 1898 ya aka yi ijara da matsayin farko kocin na Jami'ar Kansas Tawagar kwallon kwando. A lokacin da ya zama kocin kwando kirkiro ya yi duba da canji na ta 13 dokoki. Kyakkyawan tushe kwanduna an shafe ta, sa'an nan gaba daya maye gurbinsu da netting zobba. free jefa sun zama wani ~ angare na wasan. kuma dribbling (dribbling) ya bayyana a cikin 1901. Da farko, bisa ga dokoki Naismith yawan 'yan wasa za su iya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 40. Duk da haka, a cikin wani karamin dakin karkashin' yan wasa da sauri gane cewa yi wasa 5 a kan 5 - shi ne manufa.