Jeep "Willys": siffofin da kuma hoto

Jeep "Willys" - mota labari, haƙĩƙa, sun shige hanya daga Volga kuma zuwa Berlin, ya haye cikin hamadar Afirka, waurinta Asiya jungles. Its ra'ayi ne har yanzu tushen ga halittar zamani SUVs. "Willis" shi ne ya kafa na high-aji motoci, wanda a yau kai da sunan "Jeep".

Jeep "Willys": tarihin halittar

Tun 30s da sojojin Amurka suka fara nuna karin riba a motorcars na high permeability, wanda zai iya maye gurbin na yanzu tsufa rundunar haske motocin sojin. Fashewa yaki a Turai tilasta Amirkawa zuwa bugun sama da tsari. A wannan connection, wani sa na zama dole fasaha da bukatun ga motoci na nan gaba, wadda ya kamata fassara cikin gaskiya.

Automakers ne Masani game da cewa samu irin wannan tsari karkashin halin yanzu siyasa halin da ake ciki wa'adi, wa'adi mai kyau samu. Saboda haka, gwagwarmayar da m don samar da SUVs, ya sanar da US soja, 135 kamfanonin shiga. Amma kafin karshe mataki kasance iya isa kawai uku "American Bantam", "Ford Motor Company" da "Willys Overland," wanda zai iya haifar da real prototypes da saduwa da bukatun da soja. A sakamakon haka, kowanne daga cikin wadannan kamfanoni ya karbi wani tsari, don samar da 1,500 raka'a ta SUV.

kayyade selection

Lokacin da ya bayyana da cewa Amirkawa ba zai iya zauna daga cikin yaki, a watan Yuli 1941 aka yanke shawarar da su saki wani, da manyan tsari na kashe-hanya motocin, kunsha na 16,000 motoci. Amma kuma akwai wata tambaya da zabar tsakanin uku kera.

Da farko, da Sikeli tipped a cikin shugabanci na "Ford" a matsayin mafi girma a automaker a duniya. Amma sai da tambaya tashi da kudin na na'ura. Sai ya juya daga cewa SUV, da samarwa "Ford", da daraja, fiye da dukan - ta samar gudanar a 788 daloli. Dan kadan mai rahusa kudin, "Bantam" - 782 daloli. The mafi ƙasƙanci farashin da aka miƙa "Willys Overland," wanda kiyasta darajar daya daga cikin inji da 738,74 dollar, kuma wannan duk da cewa wani soja Jeep "Jeep" yana da mafi yi, maimakon gasa, 'SUVs.

Da alama ya zama cikar bayyane, amma soja shakkar cewa kamfanin zai iya ci gaba a cikin kayyade lokaci, a matsayin harka ta kasance ba da kyau. Point a cikin wannan al'amari sa Bill Knutson - American gwani a filin taro-samar da motoci, da goyan bayan da takarar da "Willys Overland."

Yuli 23, 1941 tare da "Willys Overland" sanya hannu a kwangila, don samar da 16,000 motoci. Kuma a watan Agusta, da Jeep "Willys" (hoton da ke ƙasa) bayan jerin inganta ya kasance gaba daya shirye domin taro samar, da kuma da sunan da - Willys MB Add Index.

The gwamnatin aminci net

Damuwa "Willys Overland," tsaye a kan gãɓar rãmi na fatarar kuma ba zai iya sãmi ĩko da serial domin na yaki, don haka gwamnatin yanke shawarar yin amintacce kuma ba wani ƙarin rajistan shiga a kan samar da kofe na SUVs mafi m kamfanin - "Ford Motor".

mai na kamfanin ya amince da su a manyan gwamnati domin, duk da cewa da "Ford" ya yi amfani da asali engine a samar da su da inji, saya daga "Willys Overland." takardun a kan Willys MB da aka mika kwafin da injiniyoyi "Ford", da kuma a farkon shekarar 1942 da kungiyar kaddamar da farko SUV takwaransa, kira Ford GPW.

A lokacin yakin, "Willys Overland" tsirar game da 363.000 SUVs. "Ford Motor" yi soja domin 280.000 inji. Kusan nan da nan bayan da farkon serial samar da SUV motoci tafi masõya - na farko Birtaniya sa'an nan Soviet gefe.

Transmission Aiki soja SUV

A kan hanya, duk da hudu-dabaran drive, Jeep "Willys" Na yi girman sosai decently. Kara hanzari, na kõre da kyau, sannu a hankali ya ci nasara hanya. Wannan hali ne da bayar da "wanda aka kera" watsa SUV.

Jigilar kashi "Willis" spar frame aka alaka via marẽmari da kuma tura ƙarin absorbers guda shugabanci da gadoji sanye take interlocked differentials. A engine na na'ura aka interlocked da manual 3-gudun gearbox.

Management na gaban aksali da downshift za'ayi da canja wurin hali.

"Willis" Jeep yana da babban amfani a cikin nau'i na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa birki dukkan 4 ƙafafun cewa, tare da sigogi da tsauri halaye sun muhimmanci al'amari.

The mota jiki

Saboda da Compactness na ta'aziyya da ka American SUV, ba shakka, shi ya fita yawa da za a so, amma a cikin waɗancan kwanaki ba dole tunanin saukaka da fari sun sigogi na aiki.

A wani sauki-neman jiki "Willis" na da zane fasali na wani rashin kofofin da nadawa a kan kaho na windscreen. Babu kofofin yarda da yardar kaina barin mota a hali na hatsari. rainproof tanti da aka bayar domin kariya daga ruwan sama.

A cikin matsanancin sashi na jiki located a baya na "kayayyakin dabaran" da kuma garwa, kuma a tarnaƙi - a tafiyar da makami (shebur, gatari, da dai sauransu). Domin kare kanka da soja manufar abin hawa da man tank aka sanya karkashin direba ta wurin, wanda ake bukata ga karkatar da mota domin MOTA KE SHAN MAI. A sako bayan da raya dabaran arches located rami domin adanar kayan aikin.

Tun da jiki yana da wani akwatin-kamar tsarin, da bude aka bayar cire wani yiwu jari na danshi a cikin kasa daga cikin na'ura, ana stoppered.

kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta Features

Idanun Mota "Willis" da ɗan recessed dangi zuwa ga jirgin sama na grille. Wannan shi ne saboda su tsarin fasali. Idan dole, hasken kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta za a iya juya saukar ruwan tabarau, inda suka za a iya amfani da a matsayin haske Madogararsa a lokacin engine sabis da dare. Bugu da kari, wannan alama headlamp zane damar motsawa a cikin duhu ba tare da wata Ɓoyo.

Jeep "Willys": Car:

4-dabaran drive.

Mass SUV - 1055 kg.

A tsawo daga cikin alfarwa - 1830 mm.

Vehicle nisa - 1585 mm.

Jeep tsawon - 3335 mm.

Ground yarda (yarda) - 220 mm.

Engine línea 4-Silinda nizhneklapannym (Willys L-134) tare da ikon - 60 l / s.

A girma daga cikin ikon naúrar - 2,2l.

Da ikon samar da tsarin na kafireta irin (carburetor - Wo-539-S daga kamfanin Carter).

"Willis" Jeep iya samar da gudun 105 km / h, a cikin hali na towing 45mm igwa - 86 km / h.

Fuel tank iya aiki - 56,8 lita.

fetur amfani (talakawan darajar) - 12 lita / 100 km.

Capacity - 4 rãyukansu ba.

SUV "Willis" ya iya shawo kan wani rabin mita hyundai ba tare da shiri. Tare da musamman kayan aiki mita 1.5.

Daga sama bayanan fasaha da shi ya nuna cewa Jeep "Willys" yana da matukar m da hur zane, da kuma shi ma yana da kyau sosai lokaci domin ta tsauri yi.

Bauta a cikin Soviet Army

Ya bayyana a cikin bazara na 1942 a cikin "Wilis" Soviet sojojin. Mutane da yawa daga cikin motoci kawota Tarayyar Soviet, ya zo a cikin nau'i na mota-kaya, wanda aka kawo sunayensu a cikin aiki jihar ne riga a kan m mota masana'antu.

Abin baƙin ciki, da bayani dalla-dalla na sabis a cikin Soviet sojojin bar ta mummunan tasiri a kan wasan kwaikwayon na "Willis". Low-sa fetur ƙara rura wutar motoci, wanda ya m zuwa "Amirkawa". Sau da yawa ba da bin magudana jinkiri. Mutane da yawa kasawa ya faru saboda rashin dace tabbatarwa da kuma lubrication SUV sassa. Duk da wannan tare haifar da gaskiya cewa "Willis" na gazawar a cikin 15,000 km. Duk da haka, an yi imani da cewa a cikin Soviet Army, American SUVs saka farashi mafi girma fiye da na cikin gida takwarorinsu Gaz-67 da kuma Gaz-67B, cewa Red Army da aka wa lakabi da "Ivan da Jeep."

Ya soja aiki mini-Jeep "Willys" ci gaba a mahaifarsa (inda daban-daban gyare-gyare samar a kan ta da asali), wanda aka karshe kammala kawai a cikin 80s, a lõkacin da ya aka maye gurbinsu da wani karin up-lokaci "guduma" bukatun.