Limited-zamewa bambanci: yadda yake aiki?

Kalmar "bambanci kulle" ko "iyakance-zamewa bambanci" (samoblok), ji da mutane da yawa masu motoci, amma yadda tsarin kama a yi, kawai 'yan sani. Kuma idan kafin irin wannan "zaži" automakers sun sanye take da mafi yawa SUVs, yanzu shi za a iya samu kuma shi ne birni mota. Bugu da kari, sau da yawa masu motocin ba sanye take da samoblokami, da sanin amfanin da suka kawo, shigar da su da kanka.

Amma kafin mu magance tare da gudanar da wata iyaka zamewa bambanci, shi wajibi ne mu fahimci yadda shi da ayyuka ba tare da tarewa.

Mene ne bambanci

Bambanci (diff) zai iya gaskiya a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na abin hawa drivetrain zane. Tare da shi, akwai wani canja wuri, da canji da kuma rarraba engine karfin juyi outputted tsakanin biyu daga masu amfani da: ƙafafun located a daya axis na na'ura ko tsakanin ta axles. Haka kuma karfi rarraba kwararar kuzarin karfi iya zama daban-daban a lokacin da ya cancanta, ya kuma inganta gudun ƙafafun - daban-daban.

Abin hawa bambanci watsa za a iya saita: a gidaje raya aksali, CAT kuma a cikin canja wurin hali, dangane da drive na'urar (s).

Wadanda diffs, wanda aka saka a cikin gada ko PPC, kira interwheel, da kuma wanda aka located tsakanin gatura na na'ura, bi da bi - ACD.

Nufa bambanci

Kamar yadda yana da kyau a san, da mota yayin tuki aikin daban-daban horar: jũya, sake gina, overtaking, da dai sauransu Har ila yau, hanya surface iya ƙunsar tafka magudi, wanda ke nufin cewa abin hawa ƙafafun dangane da halin da ake ciki, a daya kuma lokaci guda iya .. wuce daban-daban nisa. Saboda haka, misali, a lokacin da cornering, idan gudun ƙafafun a kan aksali zai zama guda, daya daga cikinsu zai babu makawa zamewa, sakamakon kara lalacewa daga cikin tayoyin. Amma wannan ba shine mafi muni. Mafi sharri ne da cewa abin hawa da aka ƙwarai rage handling.

Wannan shi ne don warware irin wannan matsaloli da kuma fito da bambanci - wani inji cewa zai redistribute da makamashi zuwa daga engine, tsakanin hawa axles daidai da tamanin da mirgina juriya: karami shi ne, mafi dabaran gudun, da kuma mataimakin versa.

A bambanci

Yau, akwai mutane da yawa irin diff, da kuma na'urar ne wajen rikitarwa. Duk da haka, da manufa ne guda aiki a matsayin dukan, don haka zai kasance da sauki mu fahimci a yi la'akari da sauki irin - wani bude bambanci, wanda kunshi wadannan abubuwa:

1. Giya saka a kan aksali shaft.
2. Kõra (zobe) kaya, tsara a matsayin truncated mazugi.
3. Pinion gyarawa zuwa ƙarshen drive shaft, wanda tare da zobe Forms da babban watsa. Tun lokacin da aka kõra kaya ne ya fi girma gubar, da karshen za su sa 'yan jũya kewaye ta axis kafin kambi da aka sanya na daya kawai. Saboda haka, wadannan biyu bambanci kashi rage yawan makamashi (gudu), wadda daga ƙarshe ta kai ƙafafun.
4. Da tauraron dan adam, wanda ya samar da duniya kaya inji cewa taka wata muhimmiyar rawa a samar da zama dole bambanci a cikin dabaran gudun.
5. Gidaje.

Ta yaya bambanci

A lokacin mike tuki ya Semi-axis, wanda ke nufin cewa ƙafafun juya a wannan sauri kamar yadda drive shaft da ta helical kaya. Amma yayin da al'amari zuwa a load a kan dabaran zama daban-daban (ɗaya daga cikinsu yana kokarin juya da sauri), da kuma saboda wannan bambanci kebe da tauraron dan adam. Yanzu, da engine ikon wuce ta wurin su, kazalika da biyu daga tauraron dan adam - biyu raba, m kaya, sa'an nan daukar kwayar cutar zuwa daban-daban semiaxes most gudun. Saboda haka, da ikon generated da engine aka rarraba tsakanin ƙafafun, amma unevenly, da kuma dangane da kaya aiki a kan su: abin da motsa a kan m radius, kwarewa kasa mirgina juriya, don haka da bambanci watsa masa karin makamashi, kadi sauri.

Bambanci ne yadda gicciye-aksali da kuma Inter-aksali bambanci, akwai: da manufa na aiki ne irin wannan, kawai a farkon yanayin, da rarraba karfin juyi ne directed zuwa axis na abin hawa, yayin da na biyu - to ta ƙafafun a kan wannan aksali.

A bukatar interaxle bambanci zama musamman m lokacin yunkuri na na'ura a kausasa ƙasa a lokacin da ta nauyi presses a kan aksali, wanda shi ne m fiye da sauran, misali, sama ko zuwa ƙasa.

bambanci matsala

Duk da cewa da bambanci, lalle zã wasa a babban rawa a cikin zane na mota ne, aikinsa wani lokacin halitta matsaloli ga direba. Wato, a lokacin da daya dabaran ne a kan wani m hanya sashe (datti, kankara ko snow), da sauran aka located a kan wani m ƙasa, yana farawa ya fuskanci wani ƙara load, diff yayi kokarin gyara wannan, da engine turawa makamashi a wani dabba ba a kanta dabaran. Saboda haka, ta bayyana cewa shi samun matsakaicin juyawa, yayin da wasu, da ciwon m damƙarSa ce, a cikin ƙasa, kawai ya rage tsit.

Wannan shi ga bayani na wadannan matsaloli da aka kirkiro kulle (nakasa) da bambanci.

Tarewa manufa da kuma da jinsin

Fahimtar ka'idojin da bambanci, za mu iya cewa idan ka toshe shi, shi zai kara karfin juyi a kan dabaran ko aksali cewa yana da mafi alhẽri riko. Wannan za a iya yi a lokacin da ka hada shi da jiki na daya daga cikin biyu Semi-gatura, ko ya dakatar da juyawa daga cikin tauraron dan adam.

A kulle iya zama cikakken - a matsayin wani ɓangare na bambanci suna da alaka rigidly. An kullum da za'ayi ta wajen kare kama da ba a kula da direban ta musamman actuator daga cikin abin hawa taksi. Ko kuma zai iya zama m, wanda idan da ƙafafun yana daukar kwayar cutar kawai iyaka kokarin - don haka gudanar da wata iyaka-zamewa bambanci, wanda mutum hannu ake bukata.

Ta yaya iyakance-zamewa bambanci

Kai-kulle bambanci, da gaske wakiltar wani jayayya tsakanin total da kuma free block Diffie da kuma rage zamewa da ƙafafun na na'ura a taron na bambanci tsakanin su, a cikin coefficient na hada guda biyu da ƙasa. Saboda haka, muhimmanci inganta kayan da aka samar, kashe-hanya handling, da kuma tsauri hanzari na mota, ba tare da la'akari hanya quality.

Samoblok zame cikakken dabaran kulle da kare da rabin-line na m lodi za su iya faruwa a cikin differentials tare da tilasta kashewa.

Kulle tare da Semi-atomatik sake saita idan rectilinear motsi da dabaran gudun aka baje.

The fi na kowa iri na samoblokov

Disc samoblok - wani sa na gogayya (shafa) woje saka tsakanin gidaje Diffie da kuma gefen giya.

Don gane da yadda yake aiki tare da bambanci naúrar, shi ne mai sauki: a matsayin inji tafiya a mike line, da gidaje Diffie da biyu semiaxes swirling tare da zaran akwai bambanci na juyawa gudu (wheel samu a kan m rabo) tsakanin woje gogayya ya auku, Munã rage ta. Wannan ne, da dabaran sauran a kan m ƙasa, zai ci gaba da juya da za ku daina ba, kamar yadda a cikin hali na free bambanci.

Danko sosai hada guda biyu, ko in ba haka ba danko sosai hada guda biyu, kazalika da baya diff ƙunshi biyu Disc sa, kawai wannan lokaci perforated kafa a tsakãninsu da wani kananan rata. Daya daga cikin woje yana da wani riko da gidaje, da sauran - da drive shaft.

A fayafai aka sanya shi a cikin wani akwati cike da silicone ruwa, wanda for uniform juyawa daga gare zauna canzawa. Da zarar da Inter-fakiti bayyana bambanci a gudun, da ruwa ya fara thicken hanzari da karfi. Tsakanin perforated saman juriya taso. Too untwist kunshin haka braked da kuma gudun juyawa masu hada kai.

A kaya (helical, tsutsa) samoblok. Aikinsa ne bisa ikon da tsutsa biyu riving kuma, da ita toshe rabin-line a taron na su da bambanci a karfin juyi.

Cam samoblok. Don gane da yadda wani bambanci na da irin gabatar da wani isasshe bude bambanci, a cikin abin da maimakon daga planetary kaya inji saka giya (cam) na biyu. A cams an juya su (Jump) a lokacin da dabaran gudu ne kusan m, kuma rigidly kulle (wedged) da zaran wasu daga cikinsu yana farawa ga barinta.

Bambanci ne yadda cibiyar bambanci kulle da kuma gicciye-aksali, babu - aiki ne guda, dabam-dabam ne kawai a karshe da maki a farko idan - biyu gadoji, a karo na biyu - biyu ƙafafun saka a kan wannan axis.

Patriotic "Niva" da kuma ta differentials

A cikin layi na cikin gida da Vaz "Niva" yana da wani wuri na musamman: da bambanci don su "dangi" a kan na'ura mai bel, wannan na'ura sanye take da hudu-dabaran drive ba switched off.

A riwayar vazovskaya SUV ne uku bambanci: giciye-aksali - a kowane gada, kuma interaxle - a razdatke. A duk da haka da yawa, to fahimta sake yadda za a yi aiki da differentials a kan "gonaki", ba lallai ba ne. Duk a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Wannan shi ne, yayin da a mike-line yunkuri na na'ura, in babu probuksovok a ƙafafun, gogayya tsakanin ko'ina rarraba, kuma yana da guda darajar. Lokacin da wasu daga cikin ƙafafun farawa ga barinta, dukan makamashi na engine, wucewa ta cikin diffs, shi ne ya aiko da wannan dabaran.

Kulle differentials "Niva"

Kafin mu yi magana game da yadda za ta yi aiki da bambanci kulle a kan "gonaki", ya kamata mu lura da abu daya, wato ya bayyana cikin ayyuka na gaba (kananan) rike da canja wurin da al'amarin.

Wasu direbobi yi imani cewa, tare da taimakon da na'ura aka kunna gaban-dabaran drive - shi ne ba haka: da gaba da raya-dabaran drive a cikin "Niva" ya ko da yaushe da hannu, kuma wannan alkalami ne da za'ayi bambanci iko Handout. Wannan shi ne, har aka shigar a cikin "gaba" wuri, da bambanci da aka aiki da kullum, da kuma lokacin da "baya" - naƙasasshe.

Yanzu kai tsaye a kan tarewa: a lokacin da ya sauya sheka kashe shafts na bambanci canja hali tsakanin rufaffiyar hannun riga, game da shi, a kan tilas aligning su juyawa gudun, Ina nufin hada gudun ƙafafun na gaban aksali ne daidai da jimlar baya kaya. Rarraba auku a cikin dirka shugabanci na fi juriya. Misali raya wheel jirgin ruwa ake ɗaukar, idan ka kunna kulle, gogayya ke da gaban aksali, ƙafafun na wanda ya miƙa da mota, amma idan a lokaci guda zabuksuet raya da kuma gaban dabaran, sa'an nan a kan nasu "Niva" an daina hawa.

Don kauce wa wannan daga faruwa, masu motoci a gadoji kafa samobloki don taimaka ja da matsattse na'ura. A ranar, da mafi mashahuri a cikin masu "Niva" ne bambanci Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Wannan shi ne yadda da bambanci Nesterov, kuma shi ne asirin da shahararsa.

Difa zane damar ba kawai don optimally daidaita da mai kusurwa gudu daga cikin na'ura ƙafafun lokacin yin horar da, amma a yanayin saukan probuksovok ko rataye dabaran naúrar ba shi da wani kadan adadin da iko daga engine. Kuma samobloka mayar da martani ga canza hanya yanayin nan take. Har ila yau, Nesterova bambanci muhimmanci inganta na'ura iko, ko da a kan m jũya, kara habaka tuki kwanciyar hankali, tuki kuzarin kawo cikas hanzari (musamman a cikin hunturu), rage man fetur amfani. A na'ura shigarwa ba ya bukatar wani canje-canje da zane na watsa kuma an saita a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin classic bambanci.

A bambanci an amfani ba kawai a cikin mota da fasaha, shi ya tabbatar ya zama da amfani sosai, kuma tillers, zai ƙwarai sauƙaƙe rayuwar ta masu.

Bambanci ga motoblock

Tafiya-baya tarakta - naúrar ne quite nauyi, kuma zuwa kawai juya bukatar mai yawa kokarin, kuma a sababbu kusurwa dabaran gudun shi ya zama ma fi wuya. Saboda haka, masu wadannan inji idan diffs aka ba foreseen farko tsara, saya da kuma shigar da su da kanka.

Ta yaya bambanci motoblock? A gaskiya, shi ne kawai samar da mai sauki nuna na na'ura, da tsayawa daya daga cikin ƙafafun.

Its sauran aiki ne a wata hanya ba, hade da redistribution na ikon - shi ne don kara da dabaran tushe. bambanci zane azurta ta amfani kamar yadda wani tsawo na gatura, abin da ya sa na yawo-baya tarakta mafi agile da resistant zuwa tipping kan, musamman a lokacin da cornering.

A takaice, da bambanci - wani abu da amfani sosai, kuma babu makawa, kuma ta kulle a sau qara permeability na mota.