Isoamylalcohol

Iyakance monohydric barasa, daya daga cikin takwas isomers na pentanol, - shi isoamyl barasa (sinadaran da dabara - C5H11OH, m - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, kuma empirical - C5H12O). The din sunan abu - 3-methylbutanol-1. Sauran kowa sunaye - isopentanol (Isopentanol) da kuma izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Barasa matauni taro daidai 88,148 g / mol. A bayyanar shi ne m-ƙanshi, bayyanannu, colorless ruwa wanda shi ne m fiye da ruwa. Da yawa daga cikin m abu a 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol narke a zazzabi na debe 117,2 ° C da ruwan a 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl barasa ne daya daga cikin uku isomers na amyl barasa, wadda ne dan kadan mafi alhẽri daga da sauran masu ruwa mai narkewa. Its solubility a ruwa ne 28 g / l. Gauraye da acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid (glacial). Dynamic danko barasa ne 3.692 mPa • s. Isopentanol ne a wuta Hazard abu (wannan flammable ruwa). Its m iyaka 1,2-9%, flash batu - 42 ° C da, autoignition - da 350 ° C.

Isopentanol ne babban bangaren na fusel man (shi ne kafa a yi na ethanol), kuma daga abin da aka shirya. Barasa samar dabara kunshi a dumama albarkatun kasa cire haske iyakar (na farko azeotrope distilled ethanol-ruwa, sa'an nan tare da kara yawan zafin jiki-butanol aka distilled kashe su azeotrope ruwa). Bugu da ari dumama a wani evaporator damar ware isoamyl barasa, da kuma sauran m saura aka aika zuwa vata. By canza tsari sigogi (zafin jiki, da dai sauransu) sarrafawa ingancin karshe samfur. A sakamakon isopentanol tare da wani taro sulusi da murabba'i na 3-methylbutanol-1 zuwa 99,0% (Gost 5830-79) ko 80% (TU 2421-004-20992222-98).

A gaban mai kara kuzari, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin sulfuric acid, isoamyl barasa reacts tare da glacial acetic acid. A lissafi za a iya rubuta a cikin wadannan nau'i: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. Wannan dauki yana da sunaye biyu: Fischer dauki ko esterification dauki. A sakamakon haka ne wani ester (isoamyl acetate) da kuma ruwa. A acidic ion musayar guduro za a iya amfani da a matsayin mai kara kuzari maimakon sulfuric acid. Isoamyl acetate da wani wucin gadi dandano, wanda ake amfani da su yi abinci, ku ɗanɗani banana. Bugu da kari, shi hidima a matsayin sauran ƙarfi ga nitrocellulose lacquers wasu amfãnõni (pheromones) don jawo hankalin manyan kungiyoyin na ƙudan zuma a kan karamin yankin. Ta hanyar m m wari da kuma low yawan guba, isoamyl acetate da ake amfani da su gwada tasiri na respirators ko masks.

Isoamyl barasa ne mai magani, shi ne m. Its vapors suna irritating ga mucous membranes na numfashi fili, haddasa tari, kuma dyspnea. Shi ne cutarwa idan aka haɗiye shi, ko inhaled. Iya sa ta tsakiya m tsarin ciki. Domin mafi part sha daga barasa mai guba da tsakiya m tsarin, huhu, da idanu, fata. Tsawo ko maimaita lamba tare da shi take kaiwa zuwa fata rashin ruwa da kuma degreasing. A sakamakon ingestion auku gastrointestinal hangula da tashin zuciya, amai da zawo. Buga shi a cikin huhu haddasa sinadaran pneumonitis tare da m sakamako. Narcotic tasirin ne ke faruwa tare da bayyanar cututtuka na ciwon kai, wani rauni, juwa ko jiri, asarar sani. A sakamakon haka, aka azabtar iya fada cikin wani coma.

Idan isoamyl barasa samun shiga idanunku, su ne lokaci mai tsawo (akalla 15 minutes), wanke tare da yalwa na ruwa da kuma ka nemi taimakon likita. Lokacin da ta shiga cikin fata, wadannan rabo ma wanke da ruwa. Ka tuɓe gurbata tufafi da takalma. Idan hangula tasowa da kuma ci gaba, to ka nẽmi magani. Tufafi kafin sake yin amfani dole shafe. Idan ya haɗiye samun taimakon likita nan da nan. Kada sa amai sai directed yin haka ta hanyar kiwon lafiya. An sume mutum, ba ba wani abu da bakinka. Idan amai ya auku halitta, aka azabtar jingina gaba. Idan guba da nau'i-nau'i isoamyl barasa da haƙuri kawo wa sabo ne iska. Idan ya ba numfashi, da CPR. Idan numfashi ne da wuya ba oxygen. Medical taimako ake bukata! Likita ya furta shi ne symptomatic da kuma taimaka magani.