Irkutsk HPP yi, tarihi, photos

Irkutsk hydroelectric iko Station ne na farko kuma mafi girma a hydroelectric iko shuka, gina a kan Angara. Yana qaddamar da samuwar dukan makamashi hadaddun. Matsalolin a yi ya taimaka wajen saya da wani gaske invaluable kwarewa.

prehistory

Dole ne in ce cewa halitta arziki na Siberia (musamman, yankin inda da Angara daukan wuri) ne ko da yaushe sha'awar a gudanar da bincike na pre-neman sauyi Rasha. Duk da haka, gudanar da yayin da aikin da abin ya shafa, yafi ma'adanai.

Tsanani da bincike kan samar da wutar lantarki ya fara da za a gudanar kawai a 1924-1925 gg. A karo na farko da wani dukan-ƙungiyar muhimmancin hannun jari gudanar da Angara ce injiniya VM Malyshev. Just a wannan lokaci da nake yi a bita da hasken lantarki a shirin. A lokacin da na farko shekaru biyar shirin da aka shirya ya kammala aikin a kan binciken na da damar da kogin domin shirya mafi girma a Eastern Siberia Power da kuma tushe, wanda shi da muhimmanci ga hanzari girma samar.

Binciken da kuma zane aiki

Don nazarin Siberian ƙasashe kusa Angara an kasaftawa game da miliyan 20 rubles. Wannan lokacin da wannan matsala, kuma ya kasance kasa da tattalin arziki. Amma duk da majalisa ta zauna appropriations m karatu a kan kogin da aka gudanar kawai tun 1930. A lokaci guda, kuma ya kafa musamman ma'aikata da ake kira Office Nazarin da Angarsk matsala. A shekara daga baya an sake masa suna Ofishin cikin Angara River, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na dõgara "Hydroenergoproject".

A binciken da tawagar, wanda aka jagorancin Farfesa Malyshev, a 1935 kammala rukunin farko na aiki a kan kogi. A sakamakon haka shi da wani makirci na amfani na ta babba rabo, da Irkutsk hydro aikin da wani shiri na dukan hadaddun na aluma, wadda za ta cinye makamashi. A shekara daga baya, duk kayan ƙaddamar da wani rukuni Malyshev an dauke wakilan da Tarayyar Soviet Jihar Planning kwamitin. A sakamakon haka, hukumar ta bayar da shawarar a yi a kan Angara River kawai shida hydroelectric iko tashoshin, wanda zai zama wani m cascade, na farko a cikin jerin ne Irkutsk hydroelectric tashar (photo).

yi

A shekara ta 1948, wannan samar da wutar lantarki tashar zo ya rufe jerin dõgara "Hydroenergoproject" a cikin sashe na zane da kuma binciken da aiki. Babban injiniya na yi zama G. N. Suhanov, da kuma gine-ginen - V. Letavin da P. M. Stalin. A shekara ta 1949, da hydroelectric aikin amince, da kuma farkon shekara ta gaba, da Soviet gwamnatin soma yanke shawara a kan yi na farko hydroelectric iko tashar na Irkutsk yankin.

Bayan wata daya a kan site na gaba dam riba magina. Domin ta yi musamman shirya raba yi management karkashin sunan "Angaragesstroy". A daidai da hydroelectric aikin ya gina duka biyu na wucin gadi da kuma karin wuraren, kazalika da kamfanonin, da girma daga abin da yake kai 312 dubu. Cubic mita.

Bugu da kari, bisa ga shirin, shiri ma'aikata da ake bukata don samar da wani rai yanki na 90 dubu. Sqm, iyali gine-gine da kuma al'adu fuskantarwa a cikin juz'i na dubu 135. Cubic mita. Duk wadannan gine-gine sun kasance a bukatar lambatu da kuma ruwa main tsawon na 63 km. Kada ka manta game railroads da karauka.

Head "Angaragesstroya" nada A. E. Bochkina da kuma babban injiniya - S. N. Moiseeva. A karkashin shugabanci na wani gogaggen kuma m Hidrotechnika AA Melnikonisa Irkutsk dam aka gina. HPP ya zama dukan-ƙungiyar yi site. Wadannan digiri zo daga duk sassan kasar. Su rayayye halarci kungiyar na yi haka to ta ƙarshe, da yawa daga cikinsu sun zama quite manyan coordinators.

Matsalolin a gina

Irkutsk hydroelectric iko Station, da gina abin da aka bai da wuya, kashi na farko daga cikin cascade na shida hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke. Gaskiyar ita ce, da su aiwatar da irin wannan ayyukan ba da da. Saboda haka, a lokacin da gini akwai da yawa matsaloli. Ya zama dole a gina tsakuwa-yashi Dam, wanda tsawon kasance 2.5 km da kuma a hade tare da shi da ginin kanta HPP wakiltar karfafa kankare yi tsawon na 240 m. Yana da ya wajaba don tattara da takwas raka'a tare da duka damar 660 dubu. KW.

Irkutsk hydroelectric iko tashar, kunsha na wani dam, wanda aka gina da yashi da tsakuwa, kuma ta yi tarayya da ta cikin ginin da aka tsara a farkon lokaci. Bugu da kari, wadannan babbar mounds ba su kasance a duniya. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa hydroelectric iko shuka gina a cikin girgizar kasa zone (har zuwa 8 da maki a cikin Richter sikelin), da kuma manufa gini abu ne yashi da tsakuwa kasance a irin wannan da wuya yanayi. A lokacin da wani zai yiwu girgizar kasa, da suka kamata a kafa a tashin da kuma shãfe haske.

Kamar yadda shi dai itace, da crystal bayyana ruwa na kogin Angara bukaci kankare musamman quality. A farkon lokacin rani na shekara ta 1954, a commemorative plaque aka aza a tushe na nan gaba hydroelectric iko shuka ginin. Ita ce ta kasance farkon na kwanciya kankare. Bugu da kari, da Irkutsk hydroelectric tashar, wanda shiri ya riga wuya, da aka gina a kan garin kankara kogin da wani fairly da sauri qoramu da kuma musamman matsananci yanayin.

m halin da ake ciki

A farkon 1953 a kan Angara ba zato ba tsammani shi ya fara ambaliya, wadda ta zama kusan mafi wuya kalubale ga hydrobuilders. Gaskiyar cewa a kan Hauwa'u na Sabuwar Shekara tsanani sanyi, da kogi da aka rufe da kankara, amma karfi igiyoyin karya shi, da kuma babbar chunks tafo zuwa ƙasa, samar da ababen hawa. Ba da da ewa ruwa ya fara hanzari tashi da kuma zube a kan dam. A sakamakon da Irkutsk hydroelectric tashar, tarihi na ginin da ya sani sai da yawa matsaloli, shi ya karkashin barazana da ambaliya.

duk samuwa farashinsa aka yi amfani da Pump ruwa. Idan daya kawai daga cikinsu a wani lokaci daga oda, shi zai kai ga cikakken ambaliya. Masu motoci da makanikai da kusan kwanaki uku bai bar rami, amma wannan lokaci da ma'aikata tako har jumpers. A ci gaba da rafi na manyan motoci loaded tare da tsakuwa, ya wuya wuce a partially flooded hanyoyi. Magina a cikin garin kankara dutse tufafin baje da kuma cika shi da ruwa, samar da wani impermeable shãmaki. A karshen, da jaruntakar kokarin mutane sun iya kare cikin kabari da kuma kauce wa babbar asarar.

jefa

A farkon Yuli 1956 An katange da Angara River da ruwa da aka aiko ta hanyar wani gini da ake kammala hydroelectric iko. 29 Disamba na wannan shekara, bayan 82 watanni daga farkon gini, daya daga cikin raka'a aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa. Bayan kwanaki 2, ba na yanzu da kuma na biyu. A shekarar 1958, an sa a cikin aiki biyu mafi raka'a. Bayan nan, Irkutsk HPP fara aiki a cike iya aiki.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa hydroelectric tafki cike da shekaru 7. A wannan lokaci backwater daga dam zo zuwa Baikal kuma, saboda haka, ta matakin ya karu da 1.4 m. Yanzu kwarin Angara River shi ne Baikal bay da Great Lake ya zama wani muhimmin bangare ne na yau da kullum Irkutsk tafki.

wasu Figures

Irkutsk hydroelectric iko tashar, wanda yana da tarihi fiye da rabin karni, shi ne wani ɓangare na wani Hadakar tsarin na Jamhuriyar Siberia. Domin ta yi da kuma aiki da su Ambaliyar 138 dubu. Kadada na ƙasar a kan wanda a baya ya kasance game da 200 ƙauyuka, kazalika da rabo daga hanyoyi da Railways. Game da 17 da dubu. Mutane koma zuwa wasu yankunan. A halin yanzu Irkutsk hydroelectric sa wutar lantarki, farashin abin da aka dauke su mafi ƙasƙanci a Rasha.