Ingila The History of Afghanistan

A mi} a mulki na jari hujja a cikin ta imperialist mataki da aka alama ta sabon yunkurin na Ingila kafa kanta a Afghanistan. Bayan ƙaryata Rasha ta shawara a 1873 zuwa la'akari da Afghanistan a "tsaka tsaki zone" tsakanin Rasha dũkiyarku a Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma Birtaniya India da kuma aiki a matsayin tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Afghanistan, British mulkin jari hujja fara sake shirya domin yaki. A 1878 ya fara wani sabon mamayewa na Burtaniya a Afghanistan. Mamaye a mahimmin juzu'in da karkararta, Ingila a watan Mayu 1879 kammala tare da Sarkin Yakub bonded alkawari na gandamak da ya sa wani Maganta na takaici a kasar. Mutanen Afghanistan sake tashi zuwa kwata 'yanci gwagwarmaya. A cikin shahararrun yakin Maiwand (27 Yuli 1879) da kuma m kawancen na Birtaniya da sojoji a Kandahar, a cikin yaƙin don Kabul kuma Ghazni, Birtaniya sha wahala nauyi hasarori a cikin 1880 aka tilasta fitad da su sojojin. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da Birtaniya mulkin mallaka kasa da cikakken cimma fitarwa daga Afghanistan na duk articles alkawari na gandamak. A cikin gida da manufofin, da Afghanistan shugabanni riƙe 'yancin kai, amma kawai ta hanyar da Halĩfa na Birtaniya Indiya sun dauki wuri a Afghanistan waje dangantakar.

War Ya hõre ta a cikin mutane na Ingila Afghanistan da kudin babban mutum da kuma kayan asarar, rushe da m sojojin na kasar, ya sa tsanani lalacewa, ga harkokin noma, crafts, cinikayyar cikin gida, impeded zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da al'adu ci gaban da kasar baki daya.

A karshe biyu shekarun da suka gabata na XIX karni. Afghanistan da aka za'ayi a tsarin na matakan da cewa yana da manufar kafa harsashin ginin da wani Karkasa jihar na absolutist irin. Da nufin a karfafa ayyukansa na tsakiyar iko da kuma mika wuya da m Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) ne yadu aikata sake ma su matsugunni da Afghanistan a cikin arewa a zango da yankunan Bal ha, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, Haza-Reitz, aimaq mutane, Turkmens, Uzbeks - a kudancin yankunan. Masauki kuma kasance Nurystan sani. Natsuwa samu ƙasar - kyauta ko a kan m sharuddan. A sakamakon wadannan hijira suna maye gurbinsu karamar Karkasa administrative na'ura karkashin jagorancin Sarkin ya nada gwamnonin larduna, wanda aka dogara ne a kan ya halitta na yau da kullum sojoji, 'yan sanda da Gendarmerie. Emir aka gane a matsayin shugaban dukkan musulmi na kasar da kuma Unlimited monarch, ko da yake a ainihin rushe rinjayar da aristocracy da matsayi na Afghanistan kabilu, ya kasance ba su iya. Da yawa daga cikinsu ci gaba don a ji dadin amfanin cikakken ko partially Ban daga haraji. Social goyon bayan da hukumomin na Emir sun soja da kuma jihar burokrasi da mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji, wanda, mallakan ƙasar kamar yadda masu zaman kansu dukiya da kuma ba da ciwon soja masu dauke da makamai, da ake bukata mai karfi Karkasa dalĩli da kuma na yau da kullum sojojin. Sun maida su ba kome da Afghanistan da kuma wadanda ba Afghan haraji-biyan yawan jama'a, da yawa ana biya, tattara, yafi a irin, haraji da kuma levies.