India: cinema jiya, yau da kuma gobe. A mafi kyau na haihuwa da kuma sabon Indian fina-finan

A shugaban duniya a cikin shekara-shekara samar da daban-daban fina-finai ne India. Cinema a kasar - a duniya kamfanin, mafificin da Sin da kuma Hollywood fim a yawan samar Documentaries da alama fina-finan. Indian fina-finan ana nuna a kan fuska casa'in kasashen duniya. Wannan talifin zai yi magana game da siffofin na India cinema.

multilingual tsarin

The Indian fim ne Multi-lingual hali. Gaskiyar cewa kasar ta yi amfani da biyu hukuma harsuna: Hindi da kuma Turanci. Bugu da kari, kusan kowane jiha na Indiya na da hukuma gane harshe. Kuma da yawa a cikin sassa na kasar (Orissa, da Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Kerala, Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Assam, Angra Pradesh, Gujarat) yin fina-finai. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa Indian fim da aka raba a kan rabe-filaye. A Tollywood fim a Telugu, a Kollivude - a kan tomilskom harshe. Hindi Bollywood samar da sanannen tef. India ta kaddamar da shekara a haya sama da 1,000 fina-finai a harsuna daban-daban.

Nau'o'i na India cinema

A India cinema akwai biyu main salo.

• "Masala" - ne mai sayar film halitta mai fadi da masu sauraro. Films na irin wannan ne halin da hadawa da dama nau'o'i: romance, wasan kwaikwayo, comedy, mai ban sha'awa. Yawancin wadannan zane-zane - m wasan kwaikwayo na kida, harbe a kan backdrop daga cikin mafi kyau wurare a India. A mãkirci na wadannan kaset iya ze dama da kuma mutumin. Salo da sunan da ya girmama na Indian yaji mix - masala.

• movie "layi daya" - ne Indian art gidan. Da abun ciki na wadannan zane-zane daban-daban muhimmancin da naturalistic. A wannan shugabanci, manyan Bengali cinema jagorancin gudanarwa wanda - Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak da Mrinal Sen - sanã'anta karbuwa a kasashen duniya.

Samuwar Indian cinema

Indian fina-finan zo da haske a 1899, lokacin da daukar hoto hs Bhatvadekar ko Sava-Dada, directed da dama takaice fina-finan. A farko alama-tsawon shiru hoto da ake kira "Raja Harishchandra" da aka saki a 1913. Its mahalicci ne Dadasaheb Falke, wanda ya faru ya zama biyu a darektan, m, screenwriter, edita, hotuna, da kuma rabawa ya halitta. A 1910, India da aka yin fim a kan 25 fina-finai, kuma a 1930 - 200 fina-finan. A shekarar 1931, a kan Maris 14 da aka saki na farko Indian sauti zanen "Hasken duniya." Ya mai girma nasara. A wannan shekara ta bayyana a cikin kasa wata 27 fina-finan (22 na su - in Hindi), wanda a cikin sa wani movie na jahilci yawan jama'a a India. farko "Kaddara" British-Indian film aka harbe a 1933. Its fitarwa ne wani muhimmin milestone a cikin al'adu rai na India - a cikin film mai sumbatan scene leoyan. Sha'awa, bayan da} asar ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1952, a dokar da aka wuce a kan fim, wanda ta haramta sumbatan a kan allo kamar "na batsa." India ta farko launi film ya fito a 1937. Yana da aka kira "manomi 'yar" da kuma babban rabo mai girma a cikin akwatin ofishin aka ba. A yakin duniya na biyu durkusar da India cinema: tsaurara siyasa katsalandan, rashin film samo asali. Amma da Indians ci gaba da ziyarci cinemas. A fim "Kaddara" zauna a cikin akwatin 192 a mako da ya mai girma akwatin ofishin.

The Golden Age na India cinema

Golden shekaru kira da heyday na cinema, wanda aka alama a 1940- 1960 ta India. Films, ya bayyana a wannan zamani, sun zama litattafansu na salo. A fim "Uwar India" (1957), da umarni Mehboob Khan samu da yawa awards a duniya film bukukuwa da aka zabi ga "Oscar" domin mafi kyau hoto a wani waje da harshen. A mafi shahara gudanarwa na wannan zamani ne: Kamal Amrohi, Vijay Kumar, Bimal Roy, K. Asif, Mehboob Khan. Tef "Takarda Flowers" da "ƙishirwa", dauka Guru Dutt, na kunshe a cikin jerin "100 mafi kyau fina-finai na duk lokaci" bisa ga sanannun Yammacin wallafe. Manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma actresses, fi so na dukan na Indiya, su ne: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Dev Anand, Mala Sinha, Waheeda Rehman, Madhubala, Nutan, Meena Kumari, Nargis.

Radzh Kapur - wani taro fi so

Radzh Kapur aka sani ba kawai a matsayin mai ban mamaki actor, amma kuma an yi fice darektan wanda ya dauki mafi kyau Indian fina-finan. Ya zane-zane da a barga samu nasara. Tef "m" (1951) da kuma "Shree 420" (1955) ya gaya labarin talakawa birane ma'aikata a India. Asiri na nasara Radzhi Kapura movie ne mai sauki. Sun nuna da rayuwa da kuma abubuwan da daban-daban sassa na yawan kamar yadda suke su ne. A daidai wannan harbi a cikin Genre na comedy kaset cinye fata nasa da cheerfulness. A jumlar daga lyrics to "Shree 420" cikakken bayyana babban harafin da zanen: "Ni a cikin safa na Amurka, Birtaniya fashion wando a manyan Rasha hula, da kuma tare da Indian rai." Ba mamaki, da masu sauraro ba zai iya karya daga azurfa allo. Ya fi kyau matsayin taka leda da Radzh Kapur a kansa fina-finai da kuma jin dadin fadi da shahararsa, a gida da kuma waje. Ya samu da yawa flattering miyãgun sunãye na laƙabõbĩ. Yana da aka kira "uban Indian cinema", "blue-sa ido sarkin Gabas" da kuma "Indian Charlie Chaplin." Tsohon Indian cinema Raj Kapoor har yanzu sa wani ba za'a iya mantawaba ra'ayi a kan masu sauraro.

"Layi daya" cinema

Ya bambanta da kasuwanci fim a Indiya akwai wata "a layi daya" cinema. Babban rawa aka buga ta Bengali cinema. Mafi Indian cinema a cikin wannan salo ya kashe Chetan Anand ( "City a kwarin"), The ritvik Gatak (Nagarik) da kuma Bimal Roy ( "Biyu bigha ƙasar"). Wadannan gudanarwa sun aza harsashin ginin neo-hakikanci a India. Bayan da cewa Satyajit Ray halitta a "Trilogy na Apu" (1955-1959), wanda ya rinjayi dukan duniya cinema. Its kashi na farko, "The Song of hanya" (1955), ya lashe da yawa na kasa da kasa film bukukuwa. Saboda nasarar da trilogy "layi daya" cinema kahu sosai a India cinema. Sauran kasar gudanarwa (Buddadev Dasgupta, Money Number, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Mrinal Sen) ya fara cire arthouse fina-finan. Satyajit Ray a zamanin rayuwarsa tsiwirwirinsu karbuwa a kasashen duniya, kuma da yawa film awards. A kashi na biyu na "Trilogy na Apu", saki a 1956, cikin fim "Invictus", ya sake lashe kyautar "Golden Lion" a Venice Film Festival da kuma "Golden Bear" da kuma biyu "Azurfa Bear" - a Berlin. Indian darektan Guru Dutt, Ritwik Ghatak da Satyajit Ray dauke mafi girma auteur theorists na 20th karni.

romantic mai ban sha'awa

A farkon 1970s karni na karshe ya zama gaye romance tare da m abubuwa. Wadannan hotuna da aka dauka, yafi a Bollywood. Babban gwarzo na irin fina-finan da aka "fushi saurayi" (Hoton aiwatuwa actor Amitabh Bachchan), wanda shi kadai tsayayya da mugunta da kuma lashe dukkan takaddama iyalansu. Movies, richly seasoned da da raye-raye, tare da wani haske, kuma romantic ɓangare na abubuwa na Martial Arts nasara ba kawai Indiya, amma kuma sauran kasashe na duniya. Indian fina-finan "Zita da gita ',' Raja Jani", "Mr. Indiya", "Disco Dancer", "Dance, Dance" da sauransu har yanzu tare da yardar bita da magoya na salo. Cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a wannan lokacin sun Shashi Kumar, Sandzhiv Kumar, Dharmendra, Rajesh Khanna, Mumtaz kuma Asha Parekh, Sharmila Tagore, da kuma - Hema Malini, Jaya Bhaduri, Anil Kapoor da kuma Medhun Chakroborty.

zamani zane-zane

New Indian cinema ya samu karbuwa a kasashen duniya. Commercial Indian fina-finan ci gaba da samun wani abu matsayi. A shekarar 1975, fuska fitar da hoto na Ramesh ya shigar da kara 'Sholay'. Wasu masu sukar shigar da ta fi kyau a Indiya fim. The movie "The Wall" (1975) Yash Chopra ma sanã'anta Rave reviews daga yan fim a duniya. A 1980 ya karbi lambar yabo "Golden kamara" a cikin Cannes Film Festival tef Mira Nair ta Salaam Bombay. A fim ma samu wani gabatarwa for "Oscar". A 1980-1990-s aka halitta da zanen "The jumla" (1988), "Burning Passion" (1988), "Duk abin da a rayuwar faru" (1998), "The Game Mutuwa" (1993), "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge" (1995 ). Mutane da yawa kaset na da hannu a cikin jagorancin Indian 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, kuma Shah Rukh Khan.

Daya daga cikin manyan kasashen da ke samar da fina-finai a cikin Genre na "layi daya" cinema ne har yanzu India. Film "Cin Amanar" (1998), halitta da screenwriter Anurag Kashyap, kuma mai ba da umarni Ram Gopal Varma, wani laifin da nasara da kuma yi mini iso, a wani sabon salo na India cinema - "Mumbai Noir". Mumbai Underworld aka nuna a cikin zane-zane "Dancing a kan Edge" (2001), "The farashin biya bashin dukan" (2002), "Rayuwa a kan zirga-zirga haske" (2007) da sauransu.

Features kasuwanci cinema

India samar da yawa fina-finan a kowace shekara. Cinema a kasar ne kullum gwamnatin. Jadawali sau da yawa bayyana sosai Indian makada, tare da karfi da ban mamaki storyline, ban actor da asali kerawa a dukkan matakai na zanen. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin fim da aka harbe a kan wani template. Stereotypical al'amuran, rauni simintin da sauransu. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa ga irin wannan kaset m bangaren. Soundtracks zuwa whet jama'a sha'awa, samar da dogon kafin hoto na haya.

A babbar ɓangare na masu sauraro a India - matalauta segments na yawan jama'ar, don haka sau da yawa a cikin kasuwanci fim ya gaya wa rabo daga wani mutum wanda ya iya kadai riyãwa ta wuri a cikin rana. Da yawa da hankali a cikin qwarai na da irin wannan da aka ba da haske launuka, kyau kayayyaki, music. Wannan yakan taimaka wa jama'a su manta game da su yau da kullum kalubale. Sau da yawa actresses a cikin kasuwanci cinema da kyau Indian model: Ayshvariya Ray, Akshay Kumar, Lara Dutta.