Icelandic: taƙaitaccen tarihin da kuma janar halaye na pronunciation. Yadda za a koyi Icelandic?

Iceland - mai girma kasa da mai arziki tarihi da kuma mafi kyau yanayi. A rabo na Icelandic harshe ba za a iya kira talakawa. Mutane da yawa san cewa bayan ci daga daya Jihar wani harshe na ci jihar, kamar yadda mai mulkin, Mai raunana sa'an nan vuya, kamar yadda ya faru a Norway, a lokacin da Danes nasara a kasar. Duk da cewa Danes kokarin shiga kasar ta mallaka harshe, Icelandic, ba kawai msa da mãsu alãma daga cikin Danish, amma ya kasance mafi yawa conversational da kuma wallafe-wallafen harshen. A yankunan karkara yawan kawai ba ya so ya yarda da Danish, kawai karamin sashi na ilimi mutane zai iya gadara na ilimi. Icelandic ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma haruffa rubuta wa juna, sa'an nan ya fara buga littattafai.

asalin

Icelandic - harshe tare da mai girma tarihi. Yana nufin wani rukuni na Jamus da kuma Scandinavian subgroup. A tarihin na Icelandic harshe lokacin da ya fara da farko natsuwa daga Norway karkashin mulkin mallakar Iceland ta ƙasar. Tare da Vikings zo da wallafe-wallafe. Sa'an nan a 1000 da Icelanders zuwa Kristanci zo bayan shi ya bayyana rubuce-rubuce. A kadan daga baya, akwai na farko Icelandic shayari. The ayyukansu a bit gauraye, tare da m mãkirci kuma hadaddun jũya. Icelandic harshe yana da yawa kamance da Norway da kuma a cikin XII karni, Ba su sãɓa ba, kamar yadda Scandinavians nasara Iceland. A baya can shi ake kira Icelandic Danish, saboda duk abin da abin ya shafa da tsoho Scandinavians, sai aka dauke ta Danish.

A fannin rarraba

A wannan zamanin da Icelandic harshe ne harshe na fiye da 450 dubu mutane, da yawa na da wanda rayuwa a North America, Canada da kuma Denmark. Waje Iceland, akwai raguwa a yawan masu magana a Icelandic.

Janar halaye na harshe

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin harsuna aka dauke su Icelandic. Brief tarihi da kuma janar halaye bayar da shawarar cewa shi ne canza sosai a hankali, akwai kusan babu wajen samo daga wasu harsuna. Ya zuwa yanzu, za ta zauna kama da Old Norse harshe. Samuwar kalmomi faruwa yafi via kari na baya baki hanya, compounding kuma tracings, cewa shi ne na zahiri translation na aro kasashen waje kalmomi. A Iceland, akwai ko da wani musamman kungiyar da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar m sunayen riga data kasance Concepts. Bayan kama da Danish Icelandic Icelandic ƙasashe yi duk iya kokarin kawar da kalmomi na wani harshe zuwa gare su.

An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da kundin tsarin mulki ba da aka rubuta a kan Icelandic kamar yadda wani jami'in jihar harshe. The aiki harsuna ne Danish, Sweden da Norway. Icelandic dalibai karatu guda biyu wajibi harsuna: Danish da kuma Turanci.

An muhimmanci alama ne cewa Icelanders sunayen kunshi sunan kuma patronymic. Yana da wani hadisin na Scandinavian kasashen. Sunan tsakiya da aka yi sama da mahaifinsa da sunan a cikin genitive hali da kuma kalmar "dan" ko "ya". Wani lokaci ana iya amfani da uwar sunan. Domin kauce wa rikice, shi za a iya amfani da sunan kakansa. Surnames da kawai karamin yawan mutane. A aure da matarsa iya daukar mijinta sunan, idan akwai.

yaruka

Akwai kawai biyu yarukan:

• arewa.
• Ta Kudu.

Bambanci tsakanin yaruka da characterizes Icelandic harshe, wanda kalmomi ne ba yawa daban-daban, ya sa ya bayyana a fili cewa arewaci da gabashin yaruka suna yi kamar wani daban-daban irin jargon, tun da ci gaban yaruka ba kyau sosai. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa a kudancin yare na baƙaƙe p, t, k ake furta weakly da preaspiratsiey, kuma a cikin arewa suna furta kamar yadda voiceless da aspirated.

haruffa

Lalle ne wasu so ka koyi yadda za su koyi Icelandic harshe, domin shi ne ba kawai da kyau, amma kuma ya ɓõye da manyan abubuwa da labaru na jarumai da mayaka Vikings. A Icelandic haruffa na 32 haruffa. Ya dogara ne a kan misali haruffa, halitta a cikin XIX karni. A kadan daga baya, shi ya halartar wasu canje-canje. Wasu haruffa da kuma sauti da dan hanya da Rasha harshen, don haka koyan yaren Icelandic, za su iya ze wuya da kuma m.

Wadannan haruffa ana amfani ne kawai a aro kalmomi.

A karshen da aka daina amfani da ko ina sai dai a sunan jaridun gida.

pronunciation

A lokacin, idan aka kwatanta da XII-XII karni, ba za ka iya ganin yadda sauya tsarin zamani kalmomi kamar yadda ya canza wa Icelandic harshe. Pronunciation a wasu hanya daban-daban daga abin da ta kasance kafin. Na harshen bace wasalai na hanci, dogaye wasalai sun zama diphthongs bayyana preaspiratsiya (tsammãni). Amma abu daya da ya zauna canzawa - wata babbar lamba na inflections. A cikin kalmomin kiyaye tasiri balance. Kafin dogon baƙi ne dole short wasali a cikin jaddada syllable da dogon wasali tsaye kafin a takaice baƙi. Pronunciation baƙaƙe dangane da tsanani da kuma preasperatsii. Bayyana sauti a harshen ba su da samuwa, kuma kurma ba ya faruwa sau da yawa sosai. A farko syllable ne ko da yaushe a buga. Unstressed prefix - shi ne sosai rare ga Icelandic sabon abu.

ilimin halittar jiki

Waɗanda aka faruwa ga koyi da Icelandic harshe, dole ne ya san cewa ilimin halittar jiki na harshe ne ba yawa daban-daban daga Rasha. Akwai mufuradi da jam'i sunaye, kazalika da namiji, mace da neuter. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran Scandinavian harsuna, wanda ƙwarai Sauki da tsarin na kalmar samuwar, musamman a karkatar sunaye, Icelandic zauna gaskiya zuwa ta hadisai. Tun Iceland ne zuwa yanzu fiye da Turai, da aka located a kan babban yankin, shi ne zai yiwu don adana da kama Tsohon Norse kuma Icelandic harsuna.

Icelandic yana hudu lokuta: nominative, genitive, accusative da dative. Wasu sunaye da labarin da shi, cikin rashin tabbas shi. Akwai biyu yaƙĩni, a cikin abin da labarin da aka kara wa suna, da dogara a kan nahawu Dalili na shawara. A tsarin kama da Rasha kalma, wato, tushen da aka kara wa misali wasan bidiyo. Fi'ili ne na wucin gadi form, ajiya da kuma karkata. Akwai kuma karfi da rashin fi'ilai. Su za a iya conjugated ga mutum da kuma lambarta.

ƙamus

Tun bayyanar harshe, wanda shi ne IX karni, akwai kadan cewa ya canza. Yana nufin kawai cewa Icelanders iya karanta ayyuka a cikin Tsohon Norse harshen sauƙi. Daga cikin Sabon Alkawari fassara a cikin Icelandic a 1540 ya fara da samuwar da kuma ci gaba. A cikin XVIII karni, Icelanders yi tawaye share harshen da kuma komawa zuwa yin amfani da tsofaffin kalmomi. Kuma idan Icelandic kalmomi ba su isa ya koma zuwa sabon abu, shi ne samarwa don ƙirƙirar su daga zamanin d Icelandic tushen da kari kafin kalma. Godiya ga zamani ya gyara aikinsa, Icelandic ƙamus ne kusan free of bashin da kasashen waje kalmomi. Duk da saurin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, da Icelanders ne sosai a hankali ga harkokin kasuwanci da kuma sabon kalmomi ana maye gurbinsu da kalmomi daga haihuwa ƙamus. Yanzu, da yawa daga cikin kalmomi da aka saki daya daga amfani, updated bisa ga dokoki na Icelandic harshe, mayar da su zuwa ga Icelanders hankali samun amfani da su.