Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons: general halaye da kuma yin amfani da

An lura da cewa halitta abin da ke faruwa hydrocarbons tartsatsi ne. Mai kwayoyin abubuwa samu daga halitta kafofin. A lokacin kira na gudanar da mahadi a matsayin raw kayan da aka yi amfani da halitta da kuma rakiyar gas, kwal, lignite, mai shale, peat, kayayyakin na dabba da kayan lambu asalin.

Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons: halitta gas.

Halitta gas - wata halitta cakuda hydrocarbons da daban-daban tsarin da kuma wasu gas na impurities (hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide) wanda aka cika da dutse dutse a cikin duniya a ɓawon burodi. Wadannan mahadi an kafa ta hydrolysis da kwayoyin abubuwa a mafi zurfin a cikin kauri daga cikin Duniya. Da suka faru a cikin free jihar a cikin nau'i na babbar gungu - gas, gas condensate da man fetur da kuma iskar gas filayen.

Babban tsarin bangaren na combustible iskar gas ne CH4 (methane - 98%), C2H6 (ethane - 4,5%), propane (1.7% S3N8-), butane (C4H10 - 0.8%), pentane (0 S5N12- , 6%). Shafi man fetur da gas a hada a cikin man abun da ke ciki a narkar da jihar da kuma aka saki daga gare shi, saboda matsa lamba akan rage a dagawa da man fetur zuwa surface. A gas da kuma filayen man fetur guda ton na man qunshi daga 30 zuwa 300 sq. m gas. Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons - m man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa domin kwayoyin kira masana'antu. Gas ake kawota zuwa gas aiki shuke-shuke, inda recyclable (mai, low-zazzabi adsorption, sandaro, da kuma kyautatuwar al'amuran). An kasu kashi daban aka gyara, kowanne daga abin da ake amfani da wasu dalilai. Alal misali, methane samar hydrogen, kira gas, wanda su ne ainihin albarkatun kasa domin samar da wasu hydrocarbons, acetylene, methanol, methanal, chloroform.

Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons: man fetur.

Man - wani hadadden cakuda, wanda ya kunshi gaske na naphthenic, paraffinic kuma aromatic hydrocarbons. The man abun da ke ciki qunshi kwalta-resinous abubuwa, naphthenic acid, mono- da disulfides, mercaptans, thiophene, thiophane, hydrogen sulfide, piperidine, pyridine kuma ta homologs, kazalika da sauran abubuwa. Bisa ga kayayyakin man fetur refining da taimakon petrochemical kira hanyoyin da aka samu a kan 3000 daban-daban kayayyakin, ciki har da ethylene, benzene, propylene, ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, styrene, ethanol, isopropanol, butylene, daban-daban robobi, roba zaruruwa, dyes, ƙuna, kwayoyi, bama-bamai, da dai sauransu

Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons peat.

Peat - da laka na kayan lambu asalin. Wannan abu da aka yi amfani da matsayin da man fetur (yafi ga ikon shuke-shuke), da sinadaran raw kayan (ga kira na da yawa Organic abubuwa), hana aifuwa na maza zuriyar dabbobi a gonaki musamman a wuraren kiwon kaji, taki bangaren ga aikin lambu da kuma cropping.

Halitta kafofin na hydrocarbons: xylem, ko da itace.

Xylem - nama na mafi girma shuke-shuke, na da ruwa da kuma narkar da na gina jiki zo daga tushen da ganye da tsarin, kazalika da sauran gabobin da shuka. Ya ƙunshi wani m harsashi na sel da cewa suna da wani jijiyoyin bugun gini introducer tsarin. Dangane da irin katako shi ya ƙunshi daban-daban yawa na pectin abubuwa da kuma ma'adinai mahadi (yafi alli salts), lipids da muhimmanci mai. Wood amfani da matsayin man fetur, shi za a iya hada daga methyl barasa, atsetantnuyu acid, cellulose, da kuma sauran abubuwa. Wasu iri na itace ba dyes (sandalwood, logwood), tannins (oak), resins da balsams (itacen al'ul, Pine, fir), alkaloids (shuke-shuke na iyali Solanaceae, poppy, Ranunculaceae, Umbelliferae). Wasu alkaloids ana amfani da kwayoyi (chitin, maganin kafeyin), herbicides (anabasine), kwari (nicotine).