Halatta radiation kashi ga mutane

Radiation - factor effects a kan halittu, wanda ba ya gane su. Ko mutane rasa rarrabe rabe, wanda suka ji a gaban bango radiation. Masana sun yi nazarin sakamakon radiation a kan mutum kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa. Su da aka halitta da na'urorin da wanda yi za a iya gyarawa. faye hali radiation kashi matakin na radiation, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da mutumin da yake a cikin shakka daga cikin shekara.

A abin da awo radiation?

The World Wide Web, za ka iya samun mai yawa na adabi a kan rediyoaktif radiation. Kusan kowace tushen akwai da yawa daga radiation norms da kuma sakamakon da suka wuce haddi. Don gane da m raka'a iya ba a lokaci daya. Yawan bayanai da cewa characterizes iyakar halatta allurai da jama'a, zai iya gauraye da kuma ilimi. La'akari da manufar da ƙaramar kuma mafi m sikelin.

A abin auna radiation watsi? Jerin canji ne quite ban sha'awa: curie, Rad, Gray, becquerel, rem - shi ne kawai da babban halaye na radiation kashi. Me ya sa haka da yawa? Suna amfani da wasu filayen na magani da kuma kare muhalli. Per naúrar radiation daukan hotuna zuwa wani abu shan tunawa kashi - 1 Gray (Gy) na 1 J / kg.

Ƙarƙashin rinjayar radiation a kan halittu suna magana ne game da m kashi. Daidai ne a cikin tunawa kashi a jikin kyallen takarda, dangane da naúrar taro, ta tara da rabo daga lalacewa. The m ne kasaftawa a kowane sashin jiki yana da kansa. A sakamakon samu ta hanyar sarrafa kwamfuta da lambar da na naúra da sabon - sievert (Sv).

Bisa riga samu bayanai a kan sakamako a kan radiation samu daga wani sashin jiki nama ne m da tasiri m kashi. Wannan siga da aka lasafta ta halitta baya lamba a sievert da wani coefficient wanda daukan la'akari da sãɓãwar launukansa ji na ƙwarai daga kyallen takarda zuwa radiation. Da darajar da aka bai wa kimanta da nazarin halittu martani da kwayoyin adadin kuzari tunawa.

Mene ne halal ne kashi na radiation da kuma lõkacin da suka samu a can?

Radiation aminci masana a kan tushen da bayanai a kan sakamako daga radiation a kan mutum kiwon lafiya sun ɓullo da matsakaicin canja dabi'u na makamashi da cewa za a iya tunawa da jiki ba tare da cutarwa ba. Matsakaicin canja kashi (PDD) ne ga guda ko tsawo sakawa a iska mai guba. A wannan yanayin, radiation aminci matsayin la'akari da halaye na mutane gitta su a mataki na radiation bango.

Bambanta da wadannan Categories:

• A - Mutane na aiki tare da ionizing radiation kafofin. A cikin shakka daga gudanar da aiki aikinsu da ake gittar da radiation.
• B - ayyana yawan yankunan, ma'aikata wanda aikinsu ba alaka radiation samu.
• A - da yawan jama'a na kasar.

Daga cikin ma'aikatan da suke da daraja biyu kungiyoyin: Ma'aikatan sarrafawa area (radiation kashi fi 0.3 na shekara-shekara SDA) da kuma ma'aikatan ne da irin wannan zone (0.3 na SDA ba wuce). A cikin allurai ne 4 iri m gabobin, Ina nufin wadanda tsokoki wanda halaka aka lura da yawan dangane da ionized radiation. La'akari da aka jera Categories ga mutane da yawan jama'a da kuma ma'aikatan, kazalika da m gabobin, radiation aminci ya kafa SDA.

Domin da farko lokacin da daukan hotuna da iyaka da aka gabatar a 1928. The adadin shekara-shekara sha bango radiation 600 mSv (mSv). Yana da aka kafa domin kiwon lafiya kwararru - radiologists. A binciken da na ionizing radiation tasiri a kan tsawon da kuma ingancin rayuwa tsauraran dokoki. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1956 da tsiri aka rage zuwa 50 mSv, kuma a shekarar 1996 shi rage zuwa 20 mSv International Hukumar radiation Kariya. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kafa zirga-zirga dokoki ba la'akari da na halitta sha na ionized makamashi.

halitta radiation

Idan kuka nĩsanci rediyoaktif abubuwa da su radiation ne har yanzu ko ta yaya zai yiwu, da na halitta bango za su tsira ba. Halitta daukan hotuna a kowane daga cikin yankuna yana da mutum Manuniya. Yana kasance ko da yaushe a tsawon shekaru ba zai bace ba, amma kawai accumulates.

da na halitta matakin na radiation dogara da dalilai da dama:

• tsawo saman teku matakin na nuna alama (ƙananan, da karami da bango, da kuma mataimakin versa).
• gona irin zane, ruwa da duwatsu,
• wucin gadi dalilai (samarwa, nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke).

Man sami radiation ta hanyar abinci, haske gona, da rana, a lokacin da likitanci jarrabawa. Ƙarin kafofin na daukan hotuna suna Manufacturing shuke-shuke, nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, gwajin shafukan da hadahada launchers.

Masana sun yi imani da mafi m daukan hotuna, wanda bai wuce 0.2 mSv awa. Kuma na sama da iyaka radiation norms kayyade a cikin 0.5 microsieverts awa. Bayan wani lokaci na ci gaba da daukan hotuna ionized abubuwa halatta radiation kashi ga mutum ya karu zuwa 10 mSv / h.

A cewar likitoci, dukan ransa mutum zai iya samun radiation a wani kudi na babu fiye 100-700 mSv. A gaskiya ma, mutane da suke zaune a mountainous yankunan, da ake gittar da radiation a dama manyan sikelin. Average sha na ionized makamashi yi a cikin shekara ne game da 2-3 mSv.

Daidai yadda radiation rinjayar Kwayoyin?

A yawan sinadaran mahadi da radiation dukiya. Shin wani aiki nukiliya fission kwayoyin halitta, wadda take kaiwa zuwa saki mai yawa da makamashi. Wannan karfi ne iya zahiri ja electrons daga kwayoyin halitta abu Kwayoyin. A tsari kanta ne ake kira ionization. Atom, wanda ya halartar irin wannan hanya, ya canjãwa da kaddarorin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin dukan tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Domin sunadaran kwayoyin suna canza, domin kwayoyin da janar Properties na rayuwa nama. Tare da kara daukan hotuna matakin ne ta ƙara da yawan modified Kwayoyin, sakamakon shi a duniya canji. A wannan connection, kuma aka lasafta canja radiation kashi da mutane. Gaskiyar cewa ya canjãwa a rayuwa Kwayoyin da shafi cikin jigidar halittar DNA. Na rigakafi da tsarin ne rayayye mayar tsokoki har ma da ikon "gyara" lalace DNA. Amma a lokuta da gagarumin daukan hotuna ko sa'ba jiki ta defenses ake bunkasa cutar.

Up don bayar da shawarar da alama na cutar da ke faruwa a salon salula matakin, a cikin al'ada sha na da wuya radiation. Idan tasiri kashi (game da 20 mSv a kowace shekara domin masana'antu ma'aikata) ya wuce da shawarar Figures a cikin daruruwan sau, overall kiwon lafiya da aka ƙwarai rage. Na rigakafi da tsarin da aka kasawa, wanda entails ci gaban da cututtuka daban-daban.

Manyan allurai radiation, wanda za a iya samu a sakamakon hatsarori a nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke ko atomic bam, ba ko da yaushe jituwa tare da rayuwa. Nama a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙẽƙasasshen Kwayoyin mutu a manyan lambobin da kawai ba su da lokacin da za a dawo, wanda entails wani take hakkin da harshen damo. Idan ɓangare na nama ne kiyaye, sa'an nan da mutum zai yi damar warke.

Manuniya halatta radiation allurai

Bisa ga radiation aminci matsayin saita matsakaicin canja yawa na ionizing radiation a kowace shekara. La'akari da Figures ba a tebur.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga tebur, da halatta kashi a kowace shekara domin ma'aikata na m masana'antu da kuma makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke ne sosai daban-daban daga Figures samu ga jama'a tsafta-kare zones. The abu ne cewa, tare da shafe tsawon sha na ionizing radiation halatta jiki zuwa jimre da dace dawo daga cikin sel ba tare da lalacewar kiwon lafiya.

Single allurai mutum daukan hotuna

A gagarumin karuwa a baya radiation take kaiwa zuwa mafi tsanani lalacewar kyallen takarda, da kuma saboda haka za a fara matsalar aiki na samfur ko ki jikinsu. The m jihar auku ne kawai a lokacin da samun wata babbar adadin ionizing makamashi. A kadan wuce haddi na da shawarar allurai zai iya kai ga cututtuka da cewa za a iya warke.

Daya-lokaci samu daga babban adadin radiation adversely rinjayar da yanayin jiki: tantanin halitta yana halakar da sauri, babu lokacin da za a warke. A mafi girma da daukan hotuna, da mafi akwai daga cikin raunuka.

A ci gaba da radiation amai: Sanadin

Radiation cuta da ake kira general yanayin jiki, ya sa ta hanyar rinjayar radiation a wuce haddi na SDA. Raunuka ne kiyaye da dukkan tsarin. A cewar kalamai ta kasa da kasa a kan Hukumar Radiological Kariya, da sakawa a iska mai guba kashi, haddasa radiation ciwo, za a fara da wasan kwaikwayon na 500 mSv a lokaci ko fiye da 150 mSv a kowace shekara.

Tareda žata effects na babban tsanani (500 mSv mafi daya-lokaci) taso daga amfani da makaman nukiliya, da gwaji na mutum da aka yi bala'i, wani m sakawa a iska mai guba jiyya a lura da ciwon daji, rheumatic cututtuka da kuma cututtuka na jini.

A ci gaba da kullum radiation amai batun likita kwararru da suka kasance a sashen na radiation far da ganowa, kazalika da marasa lafiya da suke sukan yi wa X-ray, kuma radionuclide karatu.

Nau'in radiation amai, dangane radiation kashi

Haka kuma cutar halin a kan tushen da irin ionizing radiation kashi da haƙuri samu da kuma yadda za dogon shi aka faruwa. Single daukan hotuna take kaiwa zuwa wani m yanayin, da kuma kullum maimaita, amma kasa m - a kullum tsari.

Ka yi la'akari da asali nau'i na radiation amai, bisa ga sami guda daukan hotuna:

• radiation rauni (kasa da 1 Sv) - reversible canje-canje faruwa.
• bargo form (1 zuwa 6 Sv) - yana hudu digiri, dangane da kashi samu. Mace-mace a cikin irin wannan ganewar asali ne fiye da 50%. Shafi Kwayoyin a cikin bargo. A yanayin zai inganta dasawa. dogon dawo da lokaci.
• gastrointestinal (10-20 Sv) ne halin mai tsanani yanayin, sepsis, gastrointestinal zub da jini;
• Zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (20-80 Sv) - lura hemodynamic disturbances, kuma mai tsanani maye.
• cerebral (80 Sv) - m cikin 1-3 kwanaki saboda cerebral edema.

Chance na dawo da kuma fi na marasa lafiya da bargo da siffar (rabin lokaci). More tsanani yanayi ba za a iya bi. Mutuwa ya auku a cikin 'yan kwanaki ko makonni.

Domin m radiation cuta

Bayan high kashi na radiation samu da kuma radiation kashi isa 1-6 Sv ci gaba m radiation cuta. Doctors raba jihar, wanda bi juna cikin 4, saukarwa:

1. Primary reactivity. Yana auku a farkon sa'o'i bayan sakawa a iska mai guba. Yana halin da rauni, low jini, tashin zuciya da kuma amai. Sakawa a iska mai guba fiye da 10 Sv fitowa nan da nan zuwa uku lokaci.
2. A latent lokaci. Bayan 3-4 kwanaki bayan daukan hotuna da kuma har zuwa wata daya ta yanayin inganta.
3. Kumbura bayyanar cututtuka. Tare da cututtuka, m, na hanji, hemorrhagic ciwo. Ya yanayin ya kabari.
4. Farfadowa da na'ura.

M yanayin da aka bi dangane da yanayin da na asibiti hoto. A general lokuta sanya detoxification far da gwamnatin jamiái wanda neutralize rediyoaktif abubuwa. Idan dole, yin jini, bargo dasawa.

Marasa lafiya da suke gudanar da tsira na farko 12 makonni daga cikin shakka daga m radiation cuta, kullum da wani m hangen nesa. Amma ko da a cikin cikakken maido da irin wadannan mutane na kara hadarin ciwon daji, kazalika da haihuwar zũriyarsu da kwayoyin munanan.

Kullum radiation cuta

Tare da m daukan hotuna zuwa radiation a ƙananan allurai, amma wucewa a total na 150 mSv da shekara (ba ciki har da na halitta bango), zai fara wata kullum nau'i na radiation cuta. Its ci gaba ke ta uku, saukarwa: samuwar, dawo da sakamako.

A mataki na farko faruwa shekara da shekaru (har zuwa 3). Tsanani daga cikin yanayin za a iya ƙaddara daga m to mai tsanani. Idan ka ware da haƙuri daga wuri na samu daga radiation, sa'an nan har shekara uku ya zo da dawo da lokaci. Bayan da cewa, watakila wani cikakken maida ko, a akasin haka, tare da m ci gaban da cutar m.

Ionized radiation iya hallaka Kwayoyin a lokacin jiki da kuma sa shi unusable. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yarda da iyaka da radiation allurai ne mai muhimmanci rarrabẽwa a cikin aikin a m yanayin da ke zaune a kusa da makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, da kuma gwajin shafukan.