Gulf of California (Sea na Cortez): inda ne description

The Gulf of California shi ne bangare na tekun Pacific. An located a arewa maso yamma na Mexico da kuma iyakance rairayin bakin teku na sashin na Baja California da kuma Sonora da Sinaloa. Its tsawon shi ne 1126 km, da kuma fadin dabam daga 48 zuwa 241 km. Bay Area - game da 177 000 sq. km. A ruwanta akwai game da 900 tsibiran, ciki har da Isla Angel de la Guarda da Tiburon, da most a Mexico. Daga arewa zuwa yankin Gulf of California da dama a cikin Colorado River da kuma da dama tashar jiragen ruwa birane da talakawan darajar da aka located tare da bankuna.

labarin

Gulf of California fara form game da 130 da miliyan shekaru da suka wuce a cikin Mesozoic zamanin, lokacin da a sakamakon tectonic Laifi tsararru na sushi, wanda ya zama a kan lokaci da sashin na Baja California, ya fara raba daga ɓangaren duniya. Aƙalla 4.5 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, wannan yanki na ruwa kafa gaba daya, amma a kan lokaci da sashin motsa kara 650 km. An zaci cewa, motsi a gudun 4 zuwa 6 cm a kowace shekara, 'yan shekaru miliyan, shi gaba daya detaches daga nahiyar da kuma Gulf zai zama mashigi.

A 1533, da sashin da bay aka bazata gano nasara na Mexico, Hernan Cortes, bayan da a cikin 1539 da California ruwan samu ta biyu sunan - Tekun Cortez. Conquistadors yi imani da cewa arewacin ne yanci mashigar Aniane haɗa da Pacific da Atlantic.

Explorer Melchior Diaz bincika arewacin tekun a 1540 da kuma buɗe bakin da Colorado, amma rikice game da mashigar kiyaye a cikin kasa da rubuce-rubucen zuwa ga XVII karni. Cortez komo da su daga tafiyarka a wani yawan lu'ulu'u, samar da wanda aka za'ayi daga baya a kan wani m sikelin, yadda duk da haka ba a sani ba cuta a cikin shekaru 1936-1940 ba halakarwa Shellfish-lu'u-lu'u mussels.

A cikin Gulf Coast ne tushe na Turanci, Faransanci da kuma Dutch fashi suka bace bayan da karshe ci na Baja California ta Spain a 1697 A ci gaban tattalin arziki na yankin ya fara bayan da aka kafa a 1768 na Franciscan manufa kan Pacific Coast. A 1821, Bay ya zama wani ɓangare na zaman kanta a jihar, Mexico (a duniya taswira ta riga daga wannan lokaci ya fara nuna), kuma a karshen 1846-1848, gwamnatin {asar Amirka ta Amurka-Mexico War, sun amince su bar kasar domin sashin da kunkuntar tsiri na ƙasar a arewa gaci Bay, don haka teku na Cortez ne gaba daya Mexico. Yanzu miliyan 8 mutanen da suke rayuwa a kan ta gaba.

sauyin yanayi

A sauyin yanayi ne subtropical Gulf, tare da gagarumin yanayi hawa da sauka. A lokacin rani da zazzabi kai 30 ° C, a cikin hunturu a arewacin saukar da zuwa wani talakawan na 9 ° C, amma akwai kuma daskarewa. Average ruwa zafin jiki na 24 ° C (30 ° C a lokacin rani da kuma 16 ° C in winter). A arewacin bay daga Oktoba zuwa May ruwan sama ne kananan, kuma a kudu bazara wurare masu zafi saman faruwa.

zurfin

A talakawan zurfin fiye da kilometer, amma kasa na bay an yanke by zurfi kududdufai, ya kai 3400 mita. A arewacin yankin, musamman a kusa da bakin Colorado, akwai tara-mita tides, daga cikin mafi girma a duniya.

fauna

Gulf of California yana da wani na kwarai iri-iri na fauna, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan yanki ne na halitta dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin marine rai, samu da Jacques-Iva Kusto kira "duniya ta akwatin kifaye." A nan mun samu game da 40% na dukkan jinsunan marine dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma na uku na wakilan duniyar cetaceans na iyali. Shi ne kuma kawai wuri a duniya, inda a can ne karkashin ruwa yashi faduwa.

Total a Gulf akwai 36 jinsunan marine dabbobi masu shayarwa, 31 - cetaceans, biyar daga cikin bakwai jinsunan teku kunkuru, fiye da 800, kifi, wanda 90 ne ke fama, 210 - iyali tsuntsãye, kuma fiye da 6,000 kwaro.

Flora hada da 695 shuka iri, na da 28 ne ke fama. Kowane hunturu a cikin Gulf wuce hijirarsa na launin toka Whales. Baya ga wadannan, to migratory nau'in hada da humpback Whales, da kuma maniyyi Whales. Kuma wani lokacin iyo a cikin ruwa na bay giant blue Whales. A mafi shahara da kuma har yanzu talauci karatu ne endemic zuwa California porpoise, ko Vakit, daga cikin mafi karami na iyali, da tsawon wadda bata wuce daya da rabi mita. Wannan nau'in, ya gano a cikin 1958, shi ne a karkashin barazana da nau'i nau'i.

Ma'ana Gulf

California Bay yana da kasuwanci darajar. Yana da matukar manyan, kamar yadda 77% na Mexico kama kifi yana da tekun Pacific da kuma 80% na su - a kan tekun Cortez. Kwanan nan, da kiwon kifi adversely shafi overall m muhalli canje-canje, kamar rage kwarara daga Kogin Colorado, inda ruwan karkatar da ban ruwa. Wata matsala ita da wuce kima tsanani da kama kifi, complicating dawo daga alƙarya, kuma kasa trawling.

tsibiran

Kafin magana game da tsibiran, dole ne ka tuna abin da teku nasa ne da Gulf of California. Hakika, da Pacific. A tsibiran, mafi yawan abin da suke dutse nesting shafukan ne babban adadin da tsuntsaye da wani muhimmin corridor for migratory jinsunan, wanda lambar kai 50%. Daga cikin wadan tsuntsaye ne ba wakilainsu.

A sauyin yanayi ne m tsibiran, kama da Sonoran Desert. Daga cikin tsibirin Flora a cikin kusanci da irin wannan ruwan matsayin Gulf of California (a kan taswira shi ne mai sauki a samu), mamaye cacti da sauran tsire. A wasu tsibiran ne Marshes, kuma tare da m tekun na Tiburon budewa low mangoro. A fauna daga wadannan ƙasar yankunan da aka yafi wakilta dabbobi masu rarrafe, wanda akwai 115 jinsunan, ko game da 10% na Mexico Herpetological bambancin. The most ƙasar dabbobi masu shayarwa suna coyotes da kananan baki-tailed barewa.

Yuli 15, 2005 ɓangare na bay da kuma tsibiran (5% na ƙasa) aka hada a UNESCO Duniya Heritage list, kamar yadda nazarin halittu bambancin da yankin ne m zuwa da Galapagos Islands da Great Shamaki Reef. A cikin duka, akwai tara kare yankunan, na da 25% ne tsibiran da kuma 75% nasa ne da marine ruwaye. Dauki karkashin kariyar mafi ƙasa ba da damar siyasa halin da ake ciki a kasar da kuma 'yan adawa don kasuwanci yakin.

yawon shakatawa

Gulf of California ne rare duniya yawon shakatawa yankin tare da habaka masana'antu. Da shi a shekara janyo hankalin game da mutane miliyan biyu, wanda yayi rairayin bakin teku, ruwa a ruwan mashahuri domin su nuna gaskiya. Samuwa kama kifi, windsurfing, kayaking, archaeological, bike, yin yawo da kuma doki Tours, Whale Watching, da ziyartar yawa unspoilt sasanninta. Akwai wasu irin muhalli yawon shakatawa.

Mexico a duniya map ne a bayyane da kyau, ma da sauki samu da kuma bay. Domin samun wannan wuri, za ka iya sa a kan dogon hanya ko takaice, amma kawai bukatar mu san cewa tausaya bayan ziyarar za ta kasance tunawa.