Francisco Franco: A Biography da siyasa aiki

Lokacin da Spanish yakin basasa, Janar Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Ermenehildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - ya full name) bikin ta sorokachetyrohletie amma da jũna riga gaji da rayuwa da kuma yawa girmi ya shekara. By unpresentable bayyanar kara da cewa mafi kuma gajiya, ko da yake akwai zato cewa shi aka fi mayar ƙarya.

A cikin gajeren kananan kafafu, a takaice, (157 santimita), plump, tare da sokin shrill murya, m gestures Janar Jamus abokai-mai farin gashi dabba duba ruxani: ya ba Yahudawa ba idan ya asalinsu. Perplexity ga filaye kasance quite manyan: da Yaren Kasar sashin mafaka a cikin Cordoba game da-takwas daga cikin yawan Yahudawa da Larabawa. Akwai ma mutane da yawa ƙarni mulki da Larabawa, da kuma Franco ya ba Castilian, ya aka haife shi a Galicia, sanaki da Portuguese.

Yuli 18th

Kamar yadda muka sani, wannan rana a shekarar 1936, ya fara da cuaca kowace safiya, wanda shi ne alama for farkon tawaye: "Fiye da Spain cloudless sama." A tayarwa gāba da jamhuriyar mafi yawansu duk aka jawo da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican. Leftists dukkan launuka flooded gwamnatin: Social Democrats, kuma socialists, da kuma Trotskyites, kuma anarchists - da kuma hagu-reshe nuna bambanci da rana steepened.

Guerrilla yaƙi, rashin tsari, da tattalin arziki hargitsi da fuskantar da kasashen a rushewar da hargitsi. Rampaged siyasa danniya, maimakon aiki jama'a suka miƙa kawai taken, Spanish baƙauye iya daina ciyar da kyauta da wani gungu na shugabanni, tsẽgumi-talkers, da kuma yancin cinikayya da aka dakatar da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican. A wannan halin da ake ciki, da siyasa Pendulum ba zai iya samun tsakiyar ƙasa, daga cikin matsananci hagu, ya garzaya zuwa yanzu dama.

A cibiyar da iko, kuma cikin sharuddan daidaituwa na bukatun da aka iske ba. A Spain, mafi dukan iko ya a cikin cocin Katolika a matsayin farfaganda ma'aikata. Don wannan rana, Spain - a kasa na warai addini mutane. Ko da yake Jamhuriyar bai yi kuskure a gudanar da wani de-Christianization, danniya har yanzu su ne, saboda haka, a fuskar na coci, su samu jini na abokan gaba, kuma a cikin babban taro na aminci - makiya kafin lokaci boye.

Magoya bayan Francisco Franco

Dama halaye ma ba mai kyau: shi aka mulki da siyasa misoneism m da obscurantism. Aristocratic gonaki da oda mossy manya sauƙaƙa sama da makale fitar da kirji groundless, saboda ba su iya kullum da kuɗaɗen da fitina. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Spanish Nazis nemi taimako daga Italiya da kuma Jamus, da sojojin dauka daga cikin shiri manoma da kuma hayar Arab-Berber shooters daga Morocco.

'Yan Republican da aka ba kebe a yankin ƙasarta na kowane irin bourgeois, amma wani Nazi a wata hanya mafi ƙaranci daga gare su a cikin keta. Ã'a, sun plugged a bel. 'Yan tawayen dauki kan kafadu na taken, bai son farkisanci Jamus da Italiyanci farkisanci Spaniards so "mutane, da daular mulkinsu da kuma addini."

Dole ne in ce, Mussolini raina daular mulkinsu da kuma coci ya sha'aninsu dabam a gare shi. Hitler ƙi Kiristanci, kuma Semitic. Francisco Franco an internationalist: Spanish for shi sun duk 'yan ƙasa ba tare da bambanci tseren kuma kabila. Its akidar wani Katolika, da kuma ya je mayar da daular mulkinsu.

Maneuvering karkashin wuta

Tsaye a shugaban kasar, Francisco Franco Bahamonde bai ji m. Saboda a matsayin abu ne mai matukar wuya. Yadda za a ja Spain daga wannan tashin hankali, yayin da tsare da ikon, da bai sani ba. Kawai na ga cewa kawai matsananciyar maneuvering ne zai yiwu a cimma wani bayani da wadannan tambayoyi biyu.

Francisco Franco gane cewa Mussolini da Hitler dole kõma a cikin wani yakin duniya. Kuma a sa'an nan, idan sun lashe, Spain ta babu abin da ya amfãninsu, kuma idan ka rasa, Spain za ta gushe.

Kuma Francisco Franco, wanda biography aka imprinted duk wannan m maneuvering, ya ayyana neutrality. Friendly gestures, ba shakka, to gefen Hitler sun, amma irin wannan daya kiyaye mai kyau nesa.

paradoxical ayyuka

Alal misali, Franco yarda Jamus submarines da warships tushen a cikin Spanish tashoshin jiragen ruwa, ba su taba, lemu da sabo ruwa. Har ila yau, ya dauki jiragen ruwa daga Argentina da nama da hatsi don Jamus, an yarda da wani sashe shi duka ta Spain. Amma, lokacin da yaki tare da Rasha, ba subordinated ga Wehrmacht ƙungiyoyin wanda ya aiko da baya. Jamus sojojin a kan ƙasa na Spain ya fara ba.

Francisco Franco, quotes, kuma ko da kawai kalamai wanda sun kai mu a ba ma manyan yawa, da Jamus, jakadan ya ce: "The m siyasa ba kawai a cikin bukatun da Spain Yana da ake bukata da kuma Jamus Tun Spain, bada Jamus tungsten da kuma sauran m kayayyakin yanzu .. Jamus, ya fi muhimmanci fiye Spain, da hannu a cikin yaki. "

Franco yarda da kansa ga yin magana cikin ladabi game da Churchill, Ingila riƙe huldar diplomasiyya. Ya yi magana game da Stalin ba tare yawa tausaya. Aiwatar da kisan gillar Yahudawa karkashin mulkin danniya da aka ba da su ko hana matakan da aka ba su riƙi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa bayan da yaki a Spain da aka ba hada da anti-Hitler kawancen sojoji: m filaye bai wanzu ba.

Jamus soja da kuma babban jami'an da suka yi kokarin boye a Spain, da fir'auna shoved a Latin America. Wannan babban mataki na maneuvering cancanci binciken. Saboda kara - daga farkon caudillo Francisco Franco.

hereditary soja

Caudillo - shi ne shugaban kasa na rayuwa. Wannan Spanish kwamandan ya samu irin wannan babban daraja duk da cewa ya aka haife shi a 1892 a gabar teku a garin El Ferrol, a Galicia, a wani babban iyali tare da wani sauki jami'in na mafi kusa tushe na sojan ruwa. Wanda kuma ya ba har da iyalinsa, kuma bar cikin sauran yara da matasa Francisco Franco, wanda laƙabi riga kasance Paquito ( "duck"). Da sauƙi, yaron ya zama ma fi mayar da hankali da secretive.

A Soja Academy of Toledo, da na da babban birnin kasar na kasar, nan gaba fir'auna ciyar da matasa ne ba ma m. Siranta, undersized, an tsãge ta daga uwa da uba watsi da shi da kansa nutsa cikin zurfin binciken da aka yin ci gaba a cikin wannan filin. Daga baya, tuni a sabis, Francisco manyan al'amurra sun canza ba, kuma a talatin da uku, ya zama General - Janar karkashin shi a lokacin da aka ba a Spain ko a Turai.

Morocco

Kafin 1926 - bauta wa a mallaka, Morocco, inda ɓangare na Spanish Tuli, halartar da yawa zamantakewa masu zunubi. Yana zai zama da babban yajin aikin da karfi, a lokacin da Francisco Franco da lokaci zai bukatar nan da nan hankali.

A wannan lokaci, da nan gaba fir'auna riga aure Carmen Polo, da high-haife noblewoman wanda ya nemi na tsawon shekaru shida. Sarki Alfonso XIII kansa girmama su bikin aure da kuma ko da a nan gaba janar mahaifin posazhonnym. A wannan aure 'yar - Maria del Carmen - bayan ya dawo Spain.

rikodin

A fir'auna da cewa lokaci, wanda ya mulki kasar - Primo de Rivera - hudu makarantar aikin soja garwaya a cikin daya. Saboda haka birnin Zaragoza ya zama wani sabon Haven Fransisko Franko, wanda sunan barkwanci ne, ba wanda ya tuna. Cif na Janar Soja Academy ba zai iya zama kamar wani duckling. A shekarar 1931, wannan ma'aikata da aka soke.

Next waƙa rikodin na Francisco Franco ne manya-manyan da kuma ban sha'awa. Ya yi aiki a karkashin daular mulkinsu, 'yan Republican da kuma Conservatives. Kuma jerin gwanon a kan Galicia, kuma suppressing tawaye a asturias, kuma ana kusan kawar da su zuwa Balearic sa'an nan zuwa Canary Islands, shi ne ci gaba da koma ta hanyar da darajõji. A nan ne Canary Islands da kuma ya isa a sakon waya aika da 17 Yuli 1936. Amma ya tashi farko a Morocco.

fratricide

Kuma a Spain, da kisan da ci gaba. Francisco Franco ya kan saman anti-Republican fitina kamar yadda fascists, monarchists, duk da juna rashin jituwa, ya gan shi a matsayin wani jayayya adadi, iya samun hada da yarjejeniyar da adawa da kungiyoyin.

Wannan Franco amince da Hitler da Mussolini a kan soja taimako, ta haka ne ya lashe nasara a kan 'yan jam'iyyar Republican. Kuma shi ya zama generalissimo. Kuma kasar for uku na jini shekaru rasa ɗari bakwai dubu 'yan kasarta a cikin fadace-fadace, a goma sha biyar dubu talatin da dubu bom mutuwa jere.

da postwar lokaci

All ban mamaki paradoxes iko kawai da gudummawar da ƙarfin da fir'auna da ikon da kara ta yiwuwa. A yakin duniya na bai zo ba: ƙungiyoyin isa. Tare da} asashen na da anti-Hitler kawance dangantaka ba a washe. Ko zahiri shi ne canza tare da shekaru, ya zama wani majestic da Circumlocution. Photo Francisco Franco a wadannan shekaru sun fayyace a fili da kai m mutum tare da wani karfi da kuma sokin idanu.

Duk da haka, da tattalin arziki ne don haka ya gurgunta yakin basasa, cewa kawo shi duka gaza daga coma. Shigeba, autarky da kuma jihar iko da tattalin arziki, Franco iya kiyaye su kyautatãwa. A kasar ta zama ta fuskar tattalin arziki da walwalar, shigo da babban birnin kasar ta gudana zuwa wasu kasashen Spain.

A hanya zuwa daular mulkinsu

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi Allah wadai da Franco gwamnatin a matsayin mulkin kama karya, amma kusan duk kasashen turai goyon mutumin da uncompromising anti-kwaminisanci. A shekarar 1969, dauke da shekaru fir'auna ayyana wanda zai gaje shi, Juan Carlos, Prince, jikan Alfonso - posazhonnogo mahaifin Franco bikin aure. A hankali Spain koma dimokuradiyya da kuma kundin tsarin mulkin daular mulkinsu. Amma har 1975, idan aka zo wuce, har yanzu mai nisa.

A post-yaki halin da ake ciki ya kasance mai tsanani. A Spain, da taimakon kudi da aka hana, MDD ba a yarda har shekarar 1955, NATO ba dauki. Tun da 1947, da caudillo aka kaina da hannu a cikin tarbiyyar qananan yarima, shirya shi domin al'adar monarch. Ya halarci coci tare da shi, ya yi magana, karanta shi, da sanin abin da sarki zai zama unprepared abun wasa a hannun adventurers ko intriguers, zai lalatar da ƙasar, ba su iya jimre ossified al'adunmu.

Conservative m tsarin mulki a kasar nan da dokoki na soja-oligarchic. Print - katsalandan na siyasa 'yan adawa - danniya, jam'iyyu da kungiyoyin kwadago - da cikakken haramta, clandestine aiki - kisa. Da farko - da'a. Ko da coci da aka yi umurni da ba su ƙara yawan sufaye, mafi shiga a cikin rãyuwar ayyukan.

tattalin arziki da karfafawa

A shekarar 1955, Spain a United Nations karshe soma, kuma ya fara a hankali a hankali na zamani. Kwarraru, abokan adawar na kasar kadaici daga anfanin tattalin arziki na kasashen waje babban birnin kasar (autarky), tsiwirwirinsu iko a kan tattalin arzikin. Loans aka samu bisa ga shirin na tattalin arziki karfafawa daga cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, mai rauni administrative iko a kan tattalin arzikin.

Ministan harkokin wajen babban birnin kasar ta gudana a m kogin a Spain, da peseta zama yardar kaina canzawa. Amma Franco bi a hankali zuwa dimokuradiyya bai shiga cikin zamantakewa da siyasa cikin al'umma. Kawai fanni na tattalin arziki da aka bude da ita. Saboda haka, har da fir'auna da mutuwa a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1975, Spain ya da amincewa jihar.

Books daraja karatu

"The Secret Diplomasiyyar na Madrid", "Francisco Franco da lokaci" da kuma wasu sauran littattafai sosai bayyana mana abubuwan da suka faru a Spain domin kusan karni. Wannan ne mai matukar m aiki. Rubuta su Svetlana Pozharsky. Francisco Franco, fir'auna da kuma kawo canji fuskanceshi da karatu a dukkan girma shi ne low kuma sa masa duk giant hali. Pozharskaya yi na farko a cikin kasar monograph a kan Franco, rufe da dukan rai na caudillo da wani m tarihi baya. Ga akwai unwrapped bincike na rikicin na al'umma kuma Sanadin Francoism. Taimako zuwa Rasha hispanism S. P. Pozharskoy aka nuna yabo sosai a Spain.

The search for a meticulous jarida ya jagoranci wani gano tafarkin: marubucin samu ta hanyar shi a Spain littafin "Freemasonry" - Francisco Franco, wanda ya yi amfani da pseudonym ga hadin kai. Wannan aiki - wata babbar aiki a falsafa da kuma hadin kai ka'idar, akwai burace yawa sunadaran da tasiri a kan m mutane, gabatarwar ikon wakilan Freemasonry.