Kamov jirage masu saukar ungulu: duk model. Hotuna da Bayani dalla-dalla

A farko jirage masu saukar ungulu Kamov (Ka) ya dauki kashe a cikin m 1953. Afrilu 14 Multi-manufa helikofta Ka-15 ya kasance wani majagaba na taro samar, halitta a cikin gwajin Design Ofishin (OKB) sunan Nikolay Ilyich Kamov. Ofishin shahara zanen akai-akai tabbatar da daraja a yi da kuma zaba makircinsu practicality. Daya daga cikin siffofin bayãnin hukuncin cewa da jirage masu saukar ungulu Kamov zane hukumar, - coaxial sukurori. Wannan yanayin yarda da yin amfani da inji a bangarori daban-daban da kuma wurare (soja, magani, ceto, da kuma sauran muhimman sassa).

Tun da farko jirgin ya kasance fiye da shekaru 60 da kuma "Kamov" jirage masu saukar ungulu kamfanonin har yanzu ji dadin fadi da shahararsa. A Rasha soja jirgin sama makamai ne mai hadarin gaske da kuma tasiri makami iya yin mafi hadaddun fama manufa.

Ka-15

A karo na farko Kamov jirage masu saukar ungulu da aka ɓullo da na musamman ga Navy. Na dogon lokaci da coaxial helical kewaye shi ne hallmark na zane ofishin. Yana yiwuwa a samu a fitarwa na mai kyau-gudanar da vysokomanovrennye jirage masu saukar ungulu, da duk wadannan abũbuwan amfãni daidai bayyana kansu a wani gwada da kananan size inji.

Daya daga cikin na farko da mafi nasara Lines Edo fasahar "Kamov" - da Ka-15. NATO extras ya ba da wannan na'ura batanci codification na "kaza." Yana da wannan biyu-wuri helikofta jirgin shi ne na farko model ga na'ura da kuma fito a cikin 354 kofe.

kewayon abin da aka ɓullo da tun tsakiyar 50-ies karni na karshe. Project layout da kuma zane fasali da aka amince Morflot a farkon shekara ta 1952. Kamov (jirage masu saukar ungulu Designer) san cewa na'ura za a yi amfani da a kan jirgin ruwa ta kayan aiki, saboda haka ya yi da model ne sosai m da kuma gwada da haske. Tare da tsawon Ka-15 ne kusan biyu sau da ƙananan fiye da har ma da karami gyara na Mi-1. Bugu da ƙari, designers gudanar ya shige a irin wannan karamin na'ura da tashi duk da dole kayan aiki.

Soja gwaji na biyu model (single-na'ura mai juyi Mi-1 kewaye da coaxial Ka-15) a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikhail Kutuzov" ya nuna sosai m results for da fasahar Kamov. Idan Mi-1 da aka markedly ƙuntata a jirgin tare da jirgin ta bene saboda wutsiya na'ura mai juyi da kuma dogon wutsiya albarku, da Ka-15 tafo quite da kyau da kuma ya zauna a kan wani karamin yanki saboda da kananan size, da kuma a cikin shida-aya teku yanayi.

A cewar gwajin da sakamakon, Soviet matuƙan sun karshe hakikance cewa da dabara na iska jirgin irin ba zai iya yi ba tare da coaxial, kuma yana da wata hanyar Kamov jirage masu saukar ungulu (duk model).

Rawar soja sadarwa Navy kammala tare da OKB Kamov inji tun shekarar 1957. Duk da kyau yi, jirgin model ya m matsayin anti-submarine kayan aiki, da kuma wannan a wata siga lokaci, shi ya kasance wani fifiko. Daya inji iya dauke kawai biyu Sonar alama (tracking maƙiyi submarines), da iko kayan aiki da aka yi wa lodi cikin wani jirgin sama mai saukan ungulu, da kuma a cikin na uku sun zurfin zargin. A tsarin ne sosai m, don haka Morflot a 1963 ƙi Ka-15 a cikin ni'imar da sabon aukuwa daga cikin wannan zane ofishin.

bayani dalla-dalla model

Aircraft yi sigogi Ka-15:

• Rufi - 3500 m.
• Range - 278 km.
• Matsakaicin manned gudun - 155 km / h.
• Reserve a lokacin takeoff nauyi - 1460 kg.
• The ƙungiya - 1 person.
• Cargo - 300 kg ko 2 mutane.
• A diamita daga cikin manyan na'ura mai juyi - 9,96 m.
• frame tsawon - 6,26 m.

Ka-25

Jirage masu saukar ungulu Kamov 25 Series - yana da anti-jirgin inji type. Wannan tsari ne ya zama key ga samuwar na hukumar da kuma na sojan ruwa jirgin sama a matsayin dukan. The Ka-25 da aka ɓullo da matsayin kayan aiki na yaki da tare da makaman nukiliya submarines m maƙiyi.

A farko model na wannan irin aka shigar radar da dukkan-zagaye ganuwa ga soja ayyuka bezorientirnoy sama da ruwa surface. Saboda ta versatility da kuma fasaha zane helikofta Kamov 25-jerin bauta a cikin jiragen ruwa domin kusan shekaru 30.

A farko jirgin na Ka-25 ya faru a ranar May 20, 1961, da kuma shekaru hudu daga baya da mota sa a kan na'ura a Ulan-Ude. Har shekara ta 1969 model ne kawai Multi-manufa helikofta cewa yana da wani analogues a cikin gida jirgin sama masana'antu. Amma bayan da Tarayyar Soviet zanen kaya sun gabatar da wani sabon fama helikofta Mi-24 jirage masu saukar ungulu Kamov (ga photo. A cikin labarin) ya fara tashi a kamfanin na Mile inji.

Helikofta Ka-25 Mãdalla da soja taimako ga tuƙi da kuma gaba daya dace da su. A jerin aka dauke da makamai mu Morflot har 1991, da kuma gyara zuwa ga manufa nadi (Ka-25TS) - har zuwa tsakiyar 90s. Total zai iya ƙidaya 18 jerin bambancin for daban-daban manufofin da yankunan. Duk da aiki na inji (1965-1973 gg.) Aka tattara game da 460 raka'a na Ka-25 fasaha.

inji Features

Aircraft yi sigogi Ka-25 helikofta:

• Rufi - 4000 m.
• Range - 650 km.
• Manned iyakar gudun - 220 km / h.
• Reserve a lokacin takeoff nauyi - 7500 kg.
• Crew - 2 mutane.
• Cargo - 1100 kg.
• A fasinjoji - 12 mutane.
• A diamita daga cikin manyan na'ura mai juyi - 15,74 m.
• frame tsawon - 9,75 m.
• Machine tsawo - 5,37 m.

Ka-50

By farkon 80-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet babbar soja mai saukar ungulu fama aiki shi ne model zanen Mil - Mi-24. "Old mutumin" shi ne har yanzu a sabis tare da mu sojojin, amma ko da a lokacin da sojoji jagoranci yanke shawarar cewa wannan na'ura ba da dukkan bukatunsu na sojojin.

Mi-24 halitta da "tashi dakaru fada motocin" ra'ayi. Wannan ne, inji ya iya ba kawai kawo hari ayyuka, amma kuma idan ya cancanta kaura sashen paratroopers. Wannan sassauci, ba shakka, shafi yaki da halaye na Mile fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, cikin Soviet m ƙara ci karo a kan ci gaba da kuma filin gwaji na wata sabuwar model na Amurka Air Force - hari helikofta AH-64 "Apache".

Design ofishin a hankali ku auna nauyi da bayanai samu da amsa zuwa ga wani irin buga Amirkawa ci gaba Ka-50 "Black Shark". Kamov jirage masu saukar ungulu Series 50 da aka bayar a watan Yuni a shekarar 1982, kuma ya kasance mai fitacciyar Rasha soja jirgin sama, amma ba samun real fara a rayuwa.

Features helikofta

A tsarin da ya zama cikakken fledged buga naúrar cewa copes tare da lalata sulke motocin, injiniya Tsarin da kuma kawar da abokan sojojin a fagen yaƙi. Single inji riga ya saba coaxial tsarin da aka sanye take da wani hat tara da wani catapult a kan roka da kuma saukar laima manufa. Irin wannan tsarin damar da matukin jirgi zuwa amince bar helikofta a gudu zuwa 400 km / h a tsawon ba fiye da 4000 mita ba tare da wani m hane-hane.

Innovation yayin kumshin kayan, wanda lissafta ga game da na uku daga cikin nauyi na dukan inji zane, significantly rage overall nauyi idan aka kwatanta da baya ƙarni na jirage masu saukar ungulu. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu ƙara da sabis rai na mutum raka'a, kuma tare da AMINCI da survivability kayan aiki.

Rasha jirage masu saukar ungulu 'Kamov "da ake kira" Black Shark "sanya wani kananan jerin daga cikin yanki. Recent kofe an tsĩrar da Armed Forces a 2009. All za a iya da kyau-karanta 15 motoci Ka-50, ciki har da gwajin kayan aiki. By kuma manyan, wannan model ya zama wani invaluable kwarewa ga Kamov zane hukumar, da barin filin aiki daga m fasaha da kuma sababbin kayan aiki na soja.

Features helikofta

Aircraft yi sigogi Ka-50:

• Rufi - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160 km.
• Matsakaicin manned gudun - 390 km / h.
• Reserve a lokacin takeoff nauyi - 10.800 kg.
• The ƙungiya - 1 person.
• Cargo - 2000 kg.
• A diamita daga cikin manyan na'ura mai juyi - 14.5 m.
• frame tsawon - 13.5 m.

Ca-52

Experience tsiwirwirinsu ta hanyar cin Ka-50 da aka cikakken aiwatar a cikin sabon multifunction inji tasiri irin Ca-52 "Gator". A rabo daga karshe tsara helikofta Kamov za a iya kira wani rabo.

Kuna hukunta daga data, wanda ya gabatar da Rasha Air Force ne 72 Ka-52 raka'a a sabis na mu sojojin. Bugu da ƙari, cikin soja kammala wani dogon lokacin da kwantiraginsa da Kamov zane hukumar da ya shafi retrofitting fasahar har 2020 (game da 150 Multi-manufa hari helikofta "kada" type).

rarrabe siffofin

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin sabuwar Ka-52 daga cikin "Black Shark" - shi ne fitowan da co-matukin jirgi, kuma da cikakken damar tashi a kowane lokaci, a kowane yanayi. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa baya ƙarni na Ka-50 ba zai iya gudanar da ayyukan da dare.

Gyara "kada" ta game da 85% da aka hada kai tare da na'ura Ka-50. Newcomer Ka-52 samu powerplant, da wutsiya, kuma tsakiyar ɓangare na fuselage, reshe kuma empennage m tsarin shasi. A gaban wani ɓangare na jirgin ya karu da dan kadan, to samu da copilot ta wurin zama. A matsayin matukin jirgi, ceto tsarin da aka yi amfani da duk wannan roka da kuma saukar laima catapult kamar yadda a cikin "Black Shark". Ya samu wata babbar inganci instrumentation a cikin kokfit. Yanzu akwai zamani LCD nuni maimakon gargajiya electromechanical pointers.

Da zuwan na biyu matukin inji ya zama mafi m, kamar yadda load a kan ƙungiya shared a biyu. Bugu da ƙari, designers dauke mafi m shirya da matukan jirgin ba a jummai (da juna), kamar yadda aka gudanar a wasu hari jirage masu saukar ungulu, da kafada to kafada. Saboda wannan tsari, da ƙungiya muhimmanci ƙãra daidaituwa na aikin da babu bukatar ka shigar da ƙarin gaban mota, kuma wannan raguwa a nauyi na dukan tsarin da ya rage kutse a kan Kwafin na'urorin.

Da farko jirgin "kada" da aka gudanar a karshen watan Yuni 1997. A kan na'ura mai mota ya zo ne kawai a karshen 2008 saboda da samar iya aiki da shuka "Ci gaba", dake a cikin karamin gari na Arsenyev. Jihar gwaje-gwaje a kan soja jeri aka kammala ta 2011, kuma a lokaci guda, da Ka-52 shigar da sabis jirgin sama Rasha fama raka'a.

Nufa inji

"Kada" an tsara domin fama da gudanar da duk yanayin yanayi, kuma zai iya kawar da makiya sulke kayan aiki, tare da mai rai ikon abokan gaba, kazalika da yi adawa da makiya masu saukar ungulu a cikin dabara zurfin.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, Ca-52 amincewa nuna kanta a hankali ayyukan. Ya iya yin hardware niyya da manufa rarraba zuwa hada kai da shi m (fama jirgin sama da kuma sojojin ƙasa). The inji shi ne iya samar da wuta cover saukowa, sintiri a yankin da kuma raka wata ginshikan biyu farar hula da kuma soja dalilai. Yau da shi ne girman kai na Rasha sufurin jiragen sama da kuma m soja kayan aiki da shi ne iya yi wata babbar lamba na fama manufa, tare da at wani mutum nagari nesa daga gida aya.

Key Manuniya na model

Aircraft yi sigogi Ka-52:

• Rufi - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160 km.
• Matsakaicin manned gudun - 300 km / h.
• Reserve a lokacin takeoff nauyi - 10.400 kg.
• Crew - 2 mutane.
• Cargo - 2000 kg.
• A diamita daga cikin manyan na'ura mai juyi - 14.5 m.
• frame tsawon - 14.2 m.