Dielectric - abin da yake da shi? dielectric Properties

Dielectric - wani abu ko abu wanda ma ba ya wuce wutar lantarki. Irin wannan watsin da aka samu saboda da kananan yawan electrons da ions. Wadannan barbashi an kafa a ba-kade abu kawai a lokacin da high-zazzabi Properties. Gaskiyar cewa irin wannan wani insulator da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

description

Kowane lantarki ko Radiotechnical shugaba, semiconductor ko insulator cajin ya wuce ta wani wutar lantarki, amma dielectric alama da shi ko da a babban ƙarfin lantarki a kan 550 V zai zuba a kananan adadin yanzu. Electric halin yanzu a cikin insulator - shi ne motsi na cajin barbashi a wani shugabanci (na iya zama tabbatacce ko korau).

iri igiyoyin

A zuciya na dielectric watsin ne:

• Absorption halin yanzu - yanzu wanda gudana a cikin dielectric a akai yanzu har sai, har sai da ta kai wani ma'auni jihar, canza shugabanci da kuma lokacin da wadata da irin ƙarfin lantarki ga shi kuma a lokacin da disconnecting. Lokacin da alternating halin yanzu tsanani a dielectric zai zama ba a cikin shi a kowane lokaci, shi ne har yanzu a wani lantarki filin.
• Lantarki watsin - motsi electrons a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da filin.
• Ionic watsin - wakiltar da motsi na ions. Yana located in electrolyte mafita - salts, acid, lye, kazalika da yawa a cikin dielectrics.
• Molionnaya watsin - da motsi na cajin barbashi kira molionami. Located in colloidal tsarin, emulsions da suspensions. Molionov sabon abu na motsi a cikin lantarki filin da aka kira electrophoresis.

Insulating kayan suna classified ta Jihar tari da kuma sinadaran halitta. A farko zuwa kashi m, ruwa, gaseous kuma taurara. Bisa ga sinadaran halitta ya kasu kashi organics, inorganics da organometallic kayan.

Watsin dielectrics furta na tari:

• Watsin gas. A gaseous abubuwa isasshe kananan halin yanzu madugu. Yana iya faruwa a gaban free caje barbashi, wanda ya auku saboda da tasiri na waje da kuma na ciki ionic da lantarki dalilai: X-ray radiation da rediyoaktif jinsunan, karo na kwayoyin da kuma caje barbashi, thermal dalilai.
• Banana watsin da dielectric ruwa. Dependencies: tsarin da kwayoyin, zazzabi, najasa, gaban manyan zargin electrons da ions. Watsin da ruwa dielectrics dogara a kan gaban danshi da kuma impurities. Madugu na wutar lantarki da aka halitta mafi iyakacin duniya abubuwa da wani ruwa zuwa barranta ions. A gwama iyakacin duniya da kuma wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya ruwaye, da jinsin amfani a farko watsin da. Idan ruwa ya bayyana daga impurities, shi zai taimaka wajen wani akan rage ta gudana dukiya. Tare da ci gaban da watsin da ruwa abu da kuma yawan zafin jiki daga gare rage ta danko ya auku, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra ion motsi.
• M dielectrics. Su electroconductivity aka sa a matsayin motsi na cajin dielectric barbashi kuma impurities. A karfi lantarki filayen gano halin yanzu watsin.

The jiki Properties na dielectrics

Lokacin da resistivity daga cikin kayan daidaita kasa da 10-5 Ohm * m za a iya dangana ga conductors. Idan fiye da 108 Ohm * m - ga dielectrics. Akwai lokuta inda resistivity ne sau da yawa fiye da juriya da shugaba. A cikin kewayon 10-5-108 ohm * m ne semiconductor. Ƙarfe abu - mai kyau shugaba na wutar lantarki.

Na dukan lokaci-lokaci tebur na abubuwa, kawai 25 ne da ba-karafa, da 12 daga cikinsu zai yiwuwa ya zama tare da semiconductor Properties. Amma, ba shakka, fãce ga tebur na abubuwa, akwai har yanzu da yawa gami, qagaggun ko sinadaran mahadi da shugaba dukiya, semiconductor ko dielectric. Haka kuma, yana da wuya a gudanar da wasu daban-daban abubuwa daure na resistances. Alal misali, a rage yawan zafin jiki factor semiconductor zai hali kamar dielectric.

aikace-aikace

A amfani da maras kade kayan ne sosai m, shi ne daya daga cikin popularly amfani da azuzuwan na lantarki aka gyara. Shi ya zama a sarari cewa su za a iya amfani da kadarori na aiki da kuma m form.

A m nau'i dielectric Properties amfani ga aikace-aikace a electrically insulating abu.

A cikin aiki form, suna amfani da wani ferroelectric kuma a kayan fasahar for Laser emitters.

babban dielectrics

Domin akai-akai abin da ke faruwa nau'in hada da:

• Glass.
• Roba.
• Man fetur.
• Kwalta.
• Ain.
• Ma'adini.
• Iska.
• Diamond.
• Ruwa mai tsabta.
• Roba.

Mene ne wani dielectric ruwa?

The rabuwa da irin wannan ya faru a cikin filin lantarki a halin yanzu. Liquid ba conductive kayan amfani a cikin art for Fitar ko impregnating kayan. Akwai 3 azuzuwan na ruwa dielectrics:

Petroleum mai - ne low-danko da kuma yafi ba iyakacin duniya. Su sukan yi amfani da a high-ƙarfin lantarki da kayan aiki: gidan wuta mai, high ruwa. Gidan wuta mai - maras iyakacin duniya dielectric. Cable man da aka yi amfani da impregnation na insulating takarda-ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi don su har zuwa 40 KV, kuma da karfe-tushen shafi tare da wani halin yanzu na fiye da 120 KV. Gidan wuta man fetur a matsayin idan aka kwatanta da capacitor yana da wani net tsarin. Wannan irin insulator ne yadu amfani a samar, duk da babban kudin idan aka kwatanta da analog abubuwa da kayan.

Mene ne wani roba insulator? A halin yanzu kusan ko'ina ya ƙaryata, saboda high yawan guba da aka sanya a kan tushen da magni carbon. A dielectric ruwa, dangane da kwayoyin silicon, shi ne hadari da kuma tsabtace muhalli. Wannan irin ba sa karfe lalata, kuma yana da kaddarorin low hygroscopicity. Akwai thinned insulator hada da organofluorine fili wanda shi ne musamman rare saboda su incombustibility, thermal dũkiyarsu da kuma oxidative kwanciyar hankali.

Daya daga karshe look, shi kayan lambu mai. Su ne weakly iyakacin duniya dielectrics, wadannan sun hada da linseed, Castor, tung, sesame. Castor mai zafi sosai, kuma an yi amfani da takarda capacitors. Sauran man - maras tabbas. Danshin cikinta ne ya sa ba na halitta danshin, a sinadaran dauki kira Polymerization. Rayayye a yi amfani da enamels da Paints.

ƙarshe

Wannan labarin da aka sake nazari a daki-daki, abin da insulator. daban-daban da dũkiyõyinsu da aka ambata. Hakika, don gane subtlety na halaye, da shi wajibi ne su gano kara da reshe na kimiyyar lissafi game da su.