Insulating kayan da su rarrabuwa. Fiber insulating kayan

Wasu kayayyakin amfani a cikin wutar lantarki kayan da lantarki haihuwarka da dielectric Properties, Ina nufin da wani babban juriya ga halin yanzu. Wannan ikon damar da su don gudanar da wani halin yanzu, kuma saboda haka suna amfani da su haifar da rufi na live sassa. Insulating kayan da aka tsara ba kawai ga rabuwa na live sassa, amma kuma domin samar da kariya daga m effects lantarki a halin yanzu. Alal misali, da ikon igiyoyi na lantarki kayan rufe da rufi.

Insulating kayan da su aikace-aikace

Insulating kayan ana amfani da ko'ina a masana'antu, rediyo da kuma kayan aiki da lantarki, grids ci gaba. Al'ada aiki na lantarki nema ko lantarki aminci kewaye sun fi mayar dogara a kan dielectrics amfani. Wasu daga cikin sigogi abu don lantarki rufi, sanin da inganci da fasali.

A amfani da rufi kayan saboda aminci da dokokinta. The mutuncin rufi ne key da lafiya aiki na lantarki. Matukar hatsari yi amfani da kayan da lalace rufi. Ko da karamin wutar lantarki iya samun wani tasiri a kan jikin mutum.

dielectric Properties

Insulating kayan dole wasu kaddarorin domin ya yi ta ayyuka. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin insulators daga conductors ne manyan girma resistivity (109-1020 ohm-cm). A lantarki watsin da conductors a kwatanta da dielectrics sau daya a cikin sau 15. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa inherently insulators ne sau da yawa karami fiye da free ions da electrons, da samar halin yanzu watsin abu. Amma lokacin da tsanani kayan su zama ya fi girma, game da shi kara halin yanzu watsin.

Rarrabe Active kuma m dielectric Properties. Rufi mafi muhimmanci m Properties. A dielectric akai daga cikin kayan ya zama kamar kananan kamar yadda zai yiwu. Wannan damar da insulator ba da taimako zuwa ga kewaye parasitic capacitance. Domin da kayan da aka yi amfani da matsayin capacitor dielectric, da dielectric akai ya kamata, a maimakon haka, kamar yadda ta yiwu.

kadaici halaye

Ainihin sigogi hada rufi dielectric ƙarfi, musamman lantarki juriya, dangi permittivity, dielectric asara kwana. Lokacin da kimantawa lantarki Properties daga cikin abu ma daukan la'akari da dogaro da wadannan halaye a kan dabi'u na lantarki da kuma irin ƙarfin lantarki.

Insulating kayan da kayayyakin da mafi girma na lantarki da juriya a kwatanta da conductors da semiconductors. Yana da muhimmanci ga zaman lafiyar da insulator ta gasa musamman yawa, kara irin ƙarfin lantarki da kuma sauran canje-canje.

Nau'in dielectric kayan

Dangane da halin yanzu damar sunã gudãna a cikin shugaba, yi amfani da daban-daban na rufi, abin da ya bambanta a su damar.

By abin da sigogi kasu insulating kayan? Nau'in dielectrics bisa laákari da jihar tari (m, ruwa da gaseous) da kuma asalin (kwayoyin: na halitta da kuma roba, inorganic: na halitta da kuma wucin gadi). Mafi na kowa irin m dielectrics, wanda za a iya gani a kan igiyar gida kayan ko kuma wani lantarki kayan.

M da ruwa dielectrics, bi da bi, ya kasu kashi subgroups. M dielectrics ne varnished zane, laminates da kuma iri daban-daban Mica. Waxes, mai kuma liquefied gas ne ruwa insulating kayan. Special gaseous dielectrics ana amfani da yawa kasa akai-akai. Wannan irin hada da samar da wata halitta lantarki insulator - iska. Its amfani ne sharadi ba kawai ta hanyar iska halaye da cewa yin shi da wani kyakkyawan insulator, amma kuma ta yadda ya dace. A amfani da iska a matsayin rufi ba ya bukatar karin kayan ciyarwarsu.

m dielectrics

M lantarki insulating kayan - da widest aji na dielectrics, wanda ake amfani da su a fannoni daban daban. Bã su da daban-daban sinadaran Properties, da darajar da dielectric akai jeri daga 1 zuwa 50,000.

M dielectrics kasu kashi ba-iyakacin duniya, iyakacin duniya da kuma ferroelectrics. Su Babban bambancin shi ne da rabuwa da sunadaran. Wannan ajin yana da rufi Properties kamar sunadarai juriya, wadanda ba tracking, dendritostoykost. Chemical juriya da aka bayyana a cikin ikon tsayayya rinjayar m kafofin watsa labarai (acid, Alkali, da dai sauransu). Tregingostoykost kayyade ko gagara wani lantarki baka, da kuma dendritostoykost - da samuwar dendrites.

M dielectrics ake amfani da su a fannoni daban daban na samar da makamashi. Alal misali, yumbu insulating kayan fi amfani da matsayin mikakke kuma feedthrough insulators a substations. Kamar yadda rufi na lantarki kayan amfani takarda, polymers, gilashin fiber. Domin Paints fi amfani da inji kuma na'urorin, kwali fili.

Don amfani a cikin daban-daban aiki yanayi na kadaici goya wasu musamman Properties ta hada daban-daban kayan: zafi juriya, danshi juriya, radiation juriya da kuma sanyi juriya. Heat-resistant insulators iya withstanding yanayin zafi har zuwa 700 ° C, wadannan sun hada da gilashi da kuma kayan a kan su akai, organosility da kuma wasu polymers. Tropicalized da kuma danshi resistant abu ne ptfe wanda shi ne maras hygroscopic da hydrophobic.

Rufi, resistant zuwa radiation amfani da na'urorin da atomic abubuwa. Yana hada inorganic fina-finai, wasu iri polymers, gilashin da zare da kayan dogara ne a kan Mica. Hardy dauke rufi cewa ba ya rasa da kaddarorin a yanayin zafi har zuwa -90 ° C. Musamman bukatun ga rufi yi nufi ga na'urorin da ke aiki a cikin sarari ko injin. Domin wadannan dalilai, yi amfani da injin-kayan m, da suka hada da musamman tukwane.

ruwa dielectrics

Liquid lantarki insulating kayan sukan yi amfani da wutar lantarki, inji da na'ura. A gidan wuta man ne irin rawa da rufi. K dielectric ruwa kuma sun hada da liquefied gas, unsaturated vaseline da paraffin mai, organopolysiloxanes, distilled ruwa (tsarkake daga salts da impurities).

Babban halaye na ruwa dielectrics ne dielectric akai, dielectric ƙarfi da lantarki watsin. Har ila yau, da wutar lantarki, sigogi na dielectric ne sun fi mayar dogara a kan mataki na tsarkakewa. M impurities zai iya ƙara lantarki watsin da ruwaye saboda yaduwa na free ions da electrons. Tsarkakewa na taya ta hanyar barasan, ion musayar dai sauransu Yana take kaiwa zuwa wani karuwa a adadin lantarki ƙarfi daga cikin abu, game da shi, Munã rage ta watsin.

Liquid dielectrics kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin:

• man fetur mai.
• kayan lambu mai.
• roba ruwaye.

Da aka fi amfani da man fetur mai kamar gidan wuta, na USB da kuma capacitor. Roba ruwa (organosilicon da organofluorine mahadi) ana kuma yi amfani da kayan aiki shawara. Alal misali, sanyi-resistant da silicone mahadi hygroscopic, don haka amfani da wani insulator a kananan gidajen wuta, amma su ta halin kaka ne ya fi yadda farashin man fetur mai.

Kayan lambu mai suna ba amfani da insulating kayan a lantarki rufi fasaha. Wadannan sun hada da Castor, linseed, hemp, kuma tung man fetur. Wadannan weakly iyakacin duniya kayan su dielectrics da yafi amfani ga impregnation takarda capacitors da kuma yadda fim din-kafa abu a cikin wutan varnishes, Paints, enamels.

gaseous dielectrics

Mafi na kowa gaseous dielectrics ne iska, nitrogen, hydrogen, kuma sulfur hexafluoride. Insulating gas ya kasu kashi na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. The halitta iska damuwa, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin rufi tsakanin live sassa na ikon Lines da lantarki da motoci. Kamar yadda iska isolator yana da raunin da cewa yin shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da a hermetically shãfe haske na'urorin. Saboda gaban babban taro na yanayi oxygen ne oxidant, kuma a low lantarki ƙarfi daga iska da aka nuna a inhomogeneous filayen.

A ikon gidajen wuta da kuma babban ƙarfin lantarki igiyoyi ana amfani da rufi nitrogen. Hydrogen kuma electrically insulating abu ma wakiltar wani tilasta sanyaya, haka akai-akai amfani da wutar lantarki da inji. A shãfe haske raka'a fi amfani da sulfur hexafluoride. Cike da gas yi na'urar faruwa lafiya. Ana amfani da a high ƙarfin lantarki kewaye hutu godiya ga baka danniya Properties.

kwayoyin dielectrics

A kwayoyin insulating kayan kasu kashi na halitta da kuma roba. Halitta kwayoyin dielectrics yanzu da wuya amfani da, don haka more kuma mafi fadada samar da roba, game da shi, rage su kudin.

The halitta kwayoyin dielectrics hada da cellulose, roba, paraffin, kayan lambu mai (Castor man). Mafi yawa daga cikin roba kwayoyin dielectrics ne daban-daban robobi da kuma elastomers amfani a lantarki da iyali kayan da sauran kayan aiki.

inorganic dielectrics

A inorganic insulating kayan kasu kashi na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Mafi na kowa na halitta abu ne Mica wanda yana da sinadaran da kuma thermal kwanciyar hankali. Yana kuma amfani da rufi phlogopite da muscovite.

By wucin gadi inorganic dielectrics hada gilashi tushen kayan, kazalika da ain da tukwane. Dangane da aikace-aikace, da wucin gadi dielectric iya goya musamman Properties. Alal misali, don bushings amfani feldspar yumbu, wanda yana da babban dielectric asarar tangent.

Fiber insulating kayan

A fibrous kayan sukan yi amfani for rufi a lantarki apparatuses da inji. Wadannan sun hada da shuka kayan (roba, cellulose, masana'anta), roba yadi (nailan, nailan), da kuma polystyrene kayan, polyamide, da dai sauransu

A kwayoyin fibrous kayan su ne sosai hygroscopic, saboda haka da wuya amfani ba tare da wani musamman impregnation.

Kwanan nan, maimakon Organic kayayyakin amfani roba fiber rufi, wanda suna da wani babban matakin da zafi juriya. Wadannan sun hada da gilashin zaruruwa da asbestos. Glass fiber impregnated da daban-daban varnishes da resins don bunkasa ta hydrophobic Properties. Asbestos fiber yana low ƙarfi mechanically, don haka sau da yawa shi ne kara auduga fiber.