Dengue cutar. Dengue Fever: cututtuka, ganewar asali, magani da kuma rigakafin

Zai yiwu mutane da yawa sun ji lokuta inda yawon bude ido ya tafi ya tsaya ba zato ba tsammani ta shafi wani ba a sani ba cuta, da ake kira "dengue cutar". Menene wannan cuta? Ko zai yiwu a kauce wa kamuwa da cuta da shi? Bi da dengue (virus)? Mene ne bayyanar cututtuka da kuma abin da gabobin da bala'in ya shafa? Mene ne rigakafin wannan cuta?

Dengue zazzabi ne m kwayar cutar tare da bayyanar cututtuka na maye, tare da tsoka-hadin gwiwa zafi, zazzabi, rash kuma m kamar yadda harafin dot hemorrhages mai sãɓãwar launukansa a tsanani. A cewar ta antigenic abun da ke ciki na cutar ne kama da ƙwayoyin cuta da Japan da kuma West Nile encephalitis da kuma rawaya zazzabi. Ya ba ji tsoron bushewa da kuma daskarewa, amma shi ne mai saukin kamuwa da sakamakon UV da zafi. Sources da kuma dako na da kamuwa da cuta a cikin Bugu da kari ga kamuwa da mutum ne jemagu da birai.

A kan tushen dengue kamuwa da cuta

A dengue cutar - abin da yake da shi? A causative wakili na cuta, har cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th haifa sunan kostolomnoy ko hadin gwiwa, da zazzaɓi, da wani virus na iyali Togaviridae irin Flavsvsrus. Ta yaya kawo hadari ne virus na dengue? Kamar yadda cutar yada? Mafi yawa daga duk dengue zazzabi ne na kowa a yankuna da subtropical da kuma wurare masu zafi canjin yanayin: shi ne Australia, South America, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka da sauransu. Gana da cutar a waje na cikin kewayon ta rarraba.

Wannan shi ne saboda da hijirarsa daga kamuwa da mutane da kuma shigo da sauro Aedes aegypti da Aedes albopictus - ta dako. Wadannan kwari halin sauki karbuwa ga sanyi yanayi, ya kange ikon a microenvironments, rashin himma, kuma daidai da, wani babban rayuwa kudi. Kamuwa winged kwaro zama 1-2 makonni bayan da jikewa na jini na mai cutar da daukawa a kanta da samu dengue cutar, wanda akwai 4 iri, don game da watanni uku. The mace sauro Aedes aegypti yi kawaici a cikin adam habitation, farfado da mafi aiki a zazzabi na 25-28 ° C da cizon kawai a lokacin da rana. Favorite lokacin da cizo na sauro Aedes albopictus - sanyin safiya, ko da yamma sa'o'i kafin faɗuwar rana.

Da yake Sosai m musamman, dengue zazzabi cutar mutane iya karba bayan na farko da cizo. Sake bugun dauka a cikin jiki da cutar na faruwa a cikin kwanaki 3-5 a jini da kuma Lymph nodes. Sa'an nan da barbashi shiga cikin jini, kuma haifar da ci gaban viremia, wanda bayyana kanta asibiti feverish maye ciwo. Next dengue cutar shiga cikin kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. kamar yadda shi accumulates zo taimako na asibiti cututtuka a cikin jini. Mafi yawa daga duk dengue yiwuwa mutumin da ya zo da yankunan da yaduwar cutar, da tsofaffi da kuma frail mutane da yara, da ya fi bikin na duk lokuta na mutuwa, musamman a yara a karkashin shekaru 1 shekara.

Mafi taro annoba da dengue cutar

Na tsawon shekaru goma duniya ya halarta wani gagarumin karuwa a yawan mutanen da suke buga da dengue zazzabi cutar. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1981, a kasar Cuba, da cutar da aka rufe wajen 350.000 mutane, 10,000 daga wanda su ta m tsari, da kuma 158 sun mutu. A 1980, da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar kasar Sin, rashin lafiyar kusan 440 000 mutane, mutuwa zo ga 54 daga cikinsu. Domin da farko lokacin da nauyi dengue aka gano a cikin 1950, a lokacin da annoba da cutar a Thailand da kuma Philippines. Wannan irin zazzabin da cewa infects a halin yanzu yawan mutanen mafi Latin American da kuma kasashen Asiya, shi ne daya daga cikin manyan Sanadin arin da kuma mace-mace a wadannan yankuna jariri yawan jama'a. Major annoba suna hade da shigar azzakari cikin farji na sabon abu ga irin cutar a wani musamman yankin.

Nau'i na dengue

Bayan kamuwa da cuta, dengue zazzabi for 5-7 kwana (a wani lokaci daga 3 zuwa 15 days) adana shiryawa zamani, bayan da a can ne wani aiki magana na bayyanar cututtuka na wanda za a iya folded dukan asibiti hoto. A wasu lokuta, shi tsaye prodrome, na nuna farkon da cutar kafin bayyanar takamaiman asibiti ãyõyi. akwai wani jihar, shi ne sosai reminiscent na predgrippoznoe: m zazzabi, hadin gwiwa da kuma ciwon kai, janar wani rauni, gajiya. Dengue cutar, da bayyanar cututtuka ko da yaushe sun hada da mai kaifi karuwa a yawan zafin jiki yakan faru a cikin biyu siffofin: gargajiya, halin da benign hanya da cuta, da kuma hemorrhagic, da wani babban kaso na lokuta, mutuwa.

Dengue zazzabi: cututtuka

Gargajiya (benign) form auku quite m. A lokaci guda halin da wasu zuciya rate kuzarin kawo cikas: na farko, ya speeded up, kwanaki 2-3 awo na yawan lashe minti daya ne 40 sau, wanda ya nuna da ya faru na bradycardia. Dengue zazzabi, da shiryawa zamani ne game da mako guda, a cikin gargajiya nau'i aka bayyana a cikin biyu taps: a rana ta farko akwai mai kaifi Yunƙurin a yawan zafin jiki zuwa 38-41 ° C, 3-4 kwana - ta daidaita.

Sa'an nan kuma maimaita Yunƙurin zuwa high lamba - asali nuni da cewa jiki na dengue cutar ba. Alamun cewa bayyana lokaci guda tare da karuwa da zazzabi:

• lymphadenopathy.
• rawan jiki.
• alama tachycardia.
• wani rauni, lethargy, tsoro da haske.
• runny hanci.
• latsa zafi a cikin eyeballs.
• ciwon kai, kumburi da fuska.
• take hakkin ci, barci.
• bayyanar haushi a bakin.
• tsoka da kuma hadin gwiwa zafi, a kan abin da na immobilization na haƙuri iya faruwa.
• amai, delirium, illa sani - a hali na tsanani da rashin lafiya.

Dengue cutar, shafi jikin mutum, tun daga ranar farko kaiwa zuwa wani gagarumin canji a cikin bayyanar: haƙuri vividly cunkoson ababen hawa fuska, mai rufi, ga harshe, ya bayyana grainy a kan m palate, ya nuna sclera tasoshin allura, saboda photophobia da idanu an rufe.

Rash - babban alama na dengue zazzabi

Game da 6th rana, na biyu kalaman na feverish, jiki da garaje da aka lura - babban alama na dengue zazzabi. A wasu lokuta, wannan alama iya faruwa ba. A farko, da kurji ne sarrafa a cikin kirji, sa'an nan shimfidawa a ko'ina cikin jiki, fahimtar gabar jiki. Rash m, shi ne wani daban-daban size spots melkotochechnye hemorrhage da papules ja dafa. Duk wannan yana tare da m itching da kuma flaking. A lokaci na ƙarshe da rashin lafiya har ma ga 4-8 makonni da haƙuri ji rauni, gajiya, tsoka da kuma hadin gwiwa zafi, asarar ci, sha wahala daga rashin barci.

Bayan dawo, marasa lafiya za runningaway hujja lifelong rigakafi ga irin cutar da ta haifar da takamaiman yanayin kamuwa da cuta, amma har yanzu wani hadarin relapse saboda wani daban-daban irin kamuwa da cuta. The classic nau'i na cutar faruwa a lokacin da kamuwa da cuta auku a karon farko, shi ne wani sakamako na hemorrhagic sakandare kamuwa mazaunan endemic yankunan ko primary kamuwa da jariri, gada daga cikin uwa tasa ta antibodies. A rata tsakanin firamare da sakandare kamuwa da cuta iya Range daga 'yan watanni zuwa shekaru biyar.

Description na hemorrhagic nau'i na cutar

Dengue virus (photo cutar manifestations gabatar a kasa) a hemorrhagic nau'i ne da tsanani, fiye da na gargajiya da kuma halin da high yawan mace-mace. Ya fara ba zato ba tsammani, kuma a can farko tare da zazzabi, kaifi fall a jini, mai tsanani tashin zuciya, amai maimaita, m ciki zafi, tari, m ruwa stool, ci gaban maculopapular rash a jiki tare da yaduwar a kan fuskarsa.

Shin da karuwa a cikin Lymph nodes da hanta, hyperemia makogwaro da kuma tonsils, jini bayyanar rashes a jiki, zub da jini a cikin rufi daga ciki, hanjinsu da kwakwalwa, igiyar ciki na jini. A haƙuri da yanayin da aka tabarbarewar hanzari, akwai wata karuwa da rauni.

4 daban-daban digiri na hemorrhagic nau'i na dengue zazzabi:

• 1st digiri. Tare da zazzabi, ãyõyin janar guba na jiki, jini clots.
• 2nd digiri. Da ãyõyin 1st digiri suna kara da cewa nasara zub da jini (na gumis, intradermal, gastrointestinal). Jini gwajin ya nuna wani pronounced thrombocytopenia da hemoconcentration.
• Uku mataki. Ãyõyin 2nd digiri da wani m jihar, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini gazawar.
• 4-th digiri. Duk da bayyanar cututtuka da na uku mataki, prohibitively low jini da kuma babban bugu.

3rd da 4th digiri in ba haka ba ya kira dengue buga ciwo da ke faruwa a cikin 3-6-rana cuta. A lokacin jarrabawa na haƙuri a cikin mafi bikin zazzabi ganiya m pallor, blue lebe, da rage a bugun jini matsa lamba, janar juyayi, m sanyi extremities, tachycardia, kazalika da:

• illa sani.
• convulsions mutum tsoka kungiyoyin.
• mai kaifi karu a jini.
• dilated almajirin.
• reflex hanawa.
• cyanosis da sanyin cewa daga cikin fata.

maloprodolzhitelna buga duration: haƙuri iya mutuwa a cikin 12-24 hours. A lokacin wannan zamani, da kuma a can shi ne mafi girma yawan mutuwar, da kudi na wanda a kan talakawan ne 5-20% na yawan lokuta na dengue hemorrhagic zazzabi. Marasa lafiya suka tsira ganiya da cuta, fara je azumi a kan gyara. M prognostic alama ne na maido da ci. A na biyu da zazzabi Yunƙurin a hemorrhagic kalaman form, yawanci ba ya faru. Matsalolin da cuta ne psychosis, ciwon huhu, otitis kafofin watsa labarai, encephalitis, polyneuritis, meningitis, thrombophlebitis, parotitis.

Dengue Fever: ganewar asali

Dengue zazzabi ya auku a cikin ra'ayi na amincewa da ANNOBA zaton: tsaya a wani endemic yankin, wajen kisa, annobar cutar kamuwa da cuta, sauro cizon. Cutar da ake saukin kamu tsakanin annobar cutar ta kayyade da halaye: dual-zango zazzabi, arthralgia (hadin gwiwa zafi), rash (rash), myalgia (tsoka zafi), lymphadenopathy (karuwa a cikin size of Lymph nodes). Sub-Manuniya iya zama wani samfurin na kayan doki - subcutaneous hemorrhage bayan tourniquet aikace-aikace ko cuffs a kan gwiwar hannu.

Key Manuniya ga ganewar asali na dengue zazzabi:

• ba zato farko, high zazzabi wanzuwa ga kimanin mako guda.
• vomiting jini, nosebleeds, zub da jini a cikin fata, ja spots a kan fata, zub da jini daga gumis.
• hemorrhagic cututtuka da kyau gwajin kayan doki.
• hemoconcentration, hanta, da karuwa a size, thrombocytopenia ba fiye da 100 x 109 / L, karuwa a hematocrit ba kasa da 20%.

Dengue Shock ciwo ne m da:

• da m rauni bugun jini tare da rage bugun jini matsa lamba;
• hypotension.
• m, sanyi fata;
• restlessness.

Laboratory-tabbatar da rashin lafiya a cikin na farko guda biyu ko kwana uku na saki da cutar daga cikin jini, kuma don gane karuwa a sa su guda biyu magani antibody titer (PTA, RSK, neutralization dauki). Wannan bincike ne halin da mafi m sakamakon, amma musamman sanye take dakin gwaje-gwaje ake bukata ga irin wannan bincike. Yana za a iya za'ayi serological gwaje-gwaje don wani tsari na girma sauki a ware da cutar daga cikin jini, kuma kai da yawa kasa lokaci, amma akwai damar da zai yiwu giciye-halayen da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da za su iya haifar da wani ƙarya tabbatacce ganewar asali sanarwa.

dengue cutar magani

Yana da muhimmanci a da sauri gane dengue cutar, da magani daga wanda ya dace da kiwon lafiya. Ya kamata a haifa tuna: da daga baya da miyagun ƙwayoyi aka dauka, ƙananan da ya dace.

A can farko ne inganci da kwayoyi, tushen wanda a can interferon. Har ila yau, domin sauki canja wurin da zazzabi symptomatic kwayoyi suna amfani: antipyretics, antihistamines, zafi relievers. Marasa lafiya detoxification magani ake bukata, da ake bukata domin kula da ruwa balance da ganiya yin amfani da albarkatun, kara adadin jini samar corticosteroids da kuma maganin rigakafi kamar yadda ake bukata (a gaban kwayan rikitarwa).

Don kwanan wata, babu maganin kare da dengue zazzabi ba ya wanzu. Su ci gaba ne rikitarwa saboda kasancewar kwayar cutar irin 4 (ie, maganin dole ne ku yi yãƙi tãre da su gabã ɗaya - ya zama tetravalent) da kuma saboda rashin dabba model, bai cika tsabta cuta dengue zazzabi da kuma rigakafi da halayen da alhakin kariya. Akwai da dama gwaji alluran da suke a halin yanzu a cikin daban-daban matakai na gwajinsu.

Dengue zazzabi: rigakafin

Fada sauro vectors shi ne a halin yanzu dauke da kawai Hanyar iko ko hana dengue cutar. A Afirka, wadannan sauro an rarraba a irin wannan yanayi (na leaf axils, itace hollows), Amurka da Asiya - a daban-daban capacities wucin gadi: kankare tankuna, ganguna, kumar kasko, a cikinta akwai wata ajiya da na cikin gida da kayayyaki na ruwa, kazalika da a sauran batutuwa, dace da adanar ruwa. Wannan na iya zama m kwantena sanya na roba, sharar gida tayoyin da sauransu. Dengue zazzabi, wanda yake shi ne yin rigakafi da magani ne wani muhimmin aiki a cikin kasashen da dumi gumi sauyin yanayi, Gwargwadon baza a sakamakon harkokin kasuwanci ya duniya, a yi amfani da tayoyi - wani manufa yanayi na wadannan kwari.

A yankunan inda wani babban mataki na wajen kisa rajista, kana so ka ware samun wurare na sauro ajiya qwai, wato tsari na wucin gadi ruwa tanki. An shawarar shirya kasancẽwa da yanayi na ajiya na ruwa reserves (rufaffiyar ganga, wanda ya zama fanko, da kuma wanke a kalla sau daya a mako). Lokacin da ceton capacitive ruwa for fasaha dalilai waje kamata a bari su yi amfani da kwari. Har ila yau, ya hana shigowa da sauro a cikin dakin zai kasance da muhimmanci sosai don amfani gidan sauro. Topical anti-dausayi da kuma ta blockage. Wani lokaci, yin kawar da wadannan kwari da taimakon kananan kifi da kankanin crustaceans - na halitta da yara. A wuraren da yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta ne high, shi ake bukata don ci dogon-sleeved tufafi, yi amfani sirri m kayan aiki, idan ka zauna a kan titi don amfani da karkace, kuma evaporators da sauro. Domin sosai vector iko bukatar da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da takamaiman al'ummomi. Don sanin ko tasiri na shisshigi ga iko da vectors da cutar za a iya cimma ta ci gaba da sa ido da kuma ANNOBA kula da dako da kamuwa da cuta.

Ta yaya ba za a kama dengue zazzabi?

Shi ne mutum halitta ji na ilmi, da sababbin abokai, da sabon kasashe, sabon tafiya. Idan da za ku ziyarci yankin, inda akwai yiwuwar yin kwangila da cutar da fari ya inganta nasu rigakafi. An shawarar sha a hanya na bitamin karfafa jiki ta rigakafi da tsarin, ci na halitta sabo juices, nunannun 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, mafi zo a cikin iska da kuma na yau da kullum motsa jiki. A tafiya kyawawa kama m sprays da kwari.

A dawowarsa a taron na cuta kana bukatar ganin likita, cututtuka. High zazzabi, mai tsanani da ciwon kai, fata na gaggawa, tsoka-hadin gwiwa zafi, zafi a baya da idanu, amai, kumbura Lymph nodes - babban alamun cewa gaya cewa kwayoyin ne ba a dengue zazzabi. Alurar riga kafi ne yanzu daga cutar da ya ba tukuna aka ƙirƙira.