Cutar cututtuka da maganin hepatitis C, jinsin cutar cutar hepatitis C. Magunguna daga hepatitis C

Har zuwa kwanan nan, cutar cutar hepatitis ta dauki kwayar cutar kawai ce ta kwayar cutar Hepacivirus. Amma ya bayyana cewa dawakai, karnuka, dabobi da ƙwaƙwalwa kuma suna da saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Bari mu yi kokarin gano yadda cutar hepatitis C ke kasancewa ga mutum, yadda za a gano shi da kuma bi da shi, tun lokacin ganowar cutar ta sauƙaƙe farfadowa. Bugu da ƙari, cutar ta kamu da kananan yara, kuma nan da nan an gano shi, mafi girma shine damar samun nasara.

Mene ne cutar cutar hepatitis C?

Lokacin da aka gano mutumin da wannan cuta, nan da nan ya fara azabtar da tambayoyi masu yawa game da hepatitis C: menene (hotunan bayyanar cutar), wanda likita ya nemi taimako da sauransu. Kwayar cutar hepatitis ko jaundice wani abu ne wanda ke dauke da kwayoyin halitta (RNA) a cikin zuciyar da ke rufe da gashin gashin gine-ginen da aka gina a jikin gine-gine da kuma rufe shi a harsashin lipid (ko fatty) na asalin tantanin halitta.

Hepatitis C ne daya daga cikin da dama da ƙwayoyin cuta da cewa sa mai tsanani kumburi da hanta yaxuwa. Kimanin kashi 85 cikin dari na mutanen da suka kamu da cutar sun kamu da cutar saboda sauran rayuwarsu. Kamuwa da cuta yakan faru ne ta hanyar jini (ƙwayoyin cuta mai ɓoyewa marasa ƙarfi, scratches, raunuka). Rashin yin kwangila tare da wannan cutar ana daukar ƙananan, amma har yanzu yana faruwa.

Sanadin cutar hepatitis a cikin manya

Hepatitis C wata cuta ce ta cutar da ta shafi hanta. Ayyukan aikin hanta sun haɗa da cire cututtuka masu haɗari daga jiki, inganta narkewa, maganin bitamin da kayan abinci daga abinci, da kuma shiga cikin matakan jini da cututtuka da raunuka. Harsashin C a cikin mata yana kawo hatsari ga jarirai, tun da jaririn zai iya kamuwa daga uwar marasa lafiya lokacin haihuwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci ga mace ta kula da lafiyarta lokacin da take shirin daukar ciki.

Kwayar jaundice a cikin tsofaffi za a iya yada a cikin wadannan lokuta:

1. Lokacin yin amfani da kayan aikin marasa lafiya don kula da cututtuka na intravenous ko intramuscular (ciki har da narcotic).
2. A lokacin da ake amfani da tatuka, shinge, yin aikin acupuncture tare da maciji marasa lafiya.
3. A lokacin jima'i ba tare da karewa ba tare da abokin tarayya, idan a wannan lokaci akwai lamba ta hanyar jini (cututtuka, cuts, raunuka a kan al'amuran ko lokacin haila). Wannan hanya ta danganci hanyoyin sababbin kamuwa da cuta.
4. A cikin hanyar jini.
5. A lokacin magani a asibitin hakori.

Sneezing, tari, raba abinci, musayar cutlery ko wasu bazuwar tactile lamba hepatitis ba a daukar kwayar cutar.

Sanadin cutar hepatitis a cikin yara

Cutar cututtuka da magani na hepatitis C a cikin yara ya bambanta da wasu daga alamun cutar a cikin manya. Yaranta yara yana yadawa cikin hanyoyi guda biyu: daga mahaifi zuwa tayin (hanya ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta) da kuma ta hanyar kai tsaye tare da jinin mutumin da ya kamu da cutar (hanyar iyaye na mahaifa). Kwayar cutar za a iya daukar kwayar cutar daga uwa mai cutar zuwa jariri a yayin aiki, yanayin da irin wadannan lokuta ya kai kusan kashi 4-5%. Idan wannan lamarin ya taso, ana ba da matar don yin wani sashen caesarean, wanda ya rage dan damuwa na watsa cutar cutar hepatitis ga jariri. Rashin kamuwa da yara a hanya ta biyu yakan kasance tare da wasu maganin likita, magani na hakori, gabatar da kwayoyi ta hanyar kayan aiki marasa lafiya, hemodialysis, zubar da jini da sauran magudi.

Matasa, da kuma manya, suna da damar samun kwanciyar hankali na ciwon hanta a yayin shan kwayoyi. Bugu da ƙari, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a matasa yana ƙaruwa da saɓin ka'idojin tsabta na fata lokacin da ake amfani da tatuka, shinge da sauransu. Lokacin shaving tare da abubuwa masu tsabta ta hanyar cuts da abrasions a kan kwakwalwar fata, ƙwayoyin cuta na iya shiga jikin.

Bayyanar cututtuka na hepatitis B a manya

Sau da yawa mutane da yawa wadanda ke fama da ciwon hauka C ba su da alamun bayyanar cutar. Kwayar cututtuka na kamuwa da cuta kullum bazai bayyana har sai hanta ba ya haifar da ciwon sukari (tasowa). A wannan yanayin cutar ta kasance tare da raunin gaba ɗaya, ƙarfin ƙãra kuma yana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka har ma da rashin cirrhosis.

Kwayoyin cututtuka na cutar, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya bayyana a baya fiye da kamuwa da cuta, tun lokacin da ya kamu da hepatitis daga 15 zuwa 150 days. Mutumin da ya kamu da cutar ba tare da bayyanar cututtukan cutar ba, yana kawo barazana ga wasu, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai dauke da kwayar cuta kuma zai iya watsa shi ga wasu mutane a cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa. Babban bayyanar cututtuka na cutar sun haɗa da wadannan:

- hasara na ci;

- malaise, rauni;

- tashin zuciya, hare-haren vomiting;

- zawo;

- asarar asarar kwatsam ba tare da wata hujja ba;

- yellowing da fata, sclera na eyeballs (shi ya sa mutane suna kiran jaundice cuta);

- canji a cikin launi na fitsari (zuwa duhu launin ruwan kasa) da feces (whitish faeces).

Hanyoyin cututtuka na hepatitis a cikin yara

Yawancin lokaci, lokacin hawan ƙwayar yara yana iya wucewa daga kwanaki 15 zuwa 6. Kwayoyin cuta na jaundice a cikin yara ya faru a kasa da kashi 50 cikin dari na lokuta kuma an bayyana, musamman, ta hanyar yellowing fata da kuma sunadaran ido. Tsarin yanayi ya kasance har zuwa makonni 3. Tun da ciwon ciwon hawan keji yana nuna halayen hanta, yaron yana da ciwon jiki na jiki, wanda yake tare da motsa jiki, vomiting, zawo. Irin mummunar cutar ta fara sannu a hankali, bayyanar cututtuka suna girma sosai, tare da ci gaban cututtuka na dyspeptic da ciwo na asthenovegetative. Kwayar cutar jaundice a yara zai iya zama tare da karuwa a yanayin jiki, ciwon kai. Ƙarancin fure, fitsari, akasin haka, yana samun duhu, mai launin launin fata.

Sauran bayyanar cututtuka da kula da hepatitis C suna da alaka da juna, tun da rashin ganewar asali ko rashin kulawa da kyau a cikin 10-20% na duk lokuta na jaundice mai tsanani ya zama na kullum. Yawancin jaundice na yau da kullum, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da matukar damuwa kuma ana gano shi ta hanyar bincikar yaro, idan lokacin ya ɓace kuma cutar ta kasance tare da shi don rayuwa. Wadannan yara sun karu da gajiya, astheniya, alamar cututtuka (telangiectasia, capillaritis).

Diagnostics

Saboda gaskiyar cewa hepatitis C yawanci yana da matukar damuwa, ganewar asali na cutar yana da mahimmanci. Tare da sauyawa zuwa wani nau'i mai mahimmanci, yiwuwar ganowar kamuwa da cuta ya rage, cutar bata ci gaba da rikitarwa marasa tsanani irin su cirrhosis ko ciwon hanta zai iya bunkasa.

Sane kwayar cutar a cikin jiki tana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙayyade ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini, sannan kuma ya tabbatar da ƙarin gwaje-gwajen don ƙayyade RNA. Adadin RNA a cikin jini (nau'in hoto na hoto) ba ya daidaita tare da tsananin cutar, amma ana iya amfani dasu don biyan hanyoyin da jikin ya yi wajen maganin. Ana amfani da kwayar cutar hanta don tantance irin lalacewar cutar (lalacewar jikin jikin jikinsa da nauyin jikinsa), muhimmancin abin da yake da mahimmanci don tsara tsarin farfadowa.

Ana gane ganewar asali a cikin matakai 2:

- nunawa ga magunguna ga cutar jaundice ya ba ka damar sanin ko mutum ya kamu da cutar;

- tare da gwajin gwagwarmaya mai kyau, gwajin kwayar cutar nucleic acid don cutar RN na ciwon haifa na C da aka yi domin sanin irin cutar (m ko na kullum).

Sa'an nan kuma, tare da m gwaje-gwaje, da likita bukatar ya kimanta mataki na lalacewa na hanta (fibrosis ko cirrhosis). Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar biopsy ko yin amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ba dama ba. Bugu da ƙari, mai haƙuri ya kamata ya shiga ɗakin gwaje gwaje don tantance kwayar cutar ciwon cutar hepatitis C.Ya nuna nauyin lalacewa da hanta da kwayar cutar ta yin amfani da su don yanke shawarar game da maganin cutar da kuma kula da cutar.

Dabbobi na hepatitis C

Domin cutar ta kasance mai tasiri, yana da muhimmanci a gano abin da kwayar cutar ta kasance. An rarraba kwayoyin cutar kutsa C cikin kashi shida. Yawanci, marasa lafiya suna kamuwa da kwayar cutar tare da nau'i daya kawai, amma kowanne daga cikinsu shine haɗarin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ake kira quasi-jinsin. Suna yaduwa da zama kuma ba su da magani. Wannan ya bayyana mahimmancin jiyya na jaundice.

Da ke ƙasa akwai jerin jinsuna daban-daban na hepatitis C kullum:

1. Genotype 1a.
2. Genotype 1b.
3. Genotype 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.
4. Gwanin 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f.
5. Genotype 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j.
6. Genotype 5a.
7. A genotype 6a.

Magunguna na hepatitis C suna da mahimmanci ga likitoci lokacin da suke bada shawarwarin warkewa. Alal misali, jinsin 1 yana da wuyar magance, kuma marasa lafiya da ciwon hauka da jinsin halittu 2 da 3 sun fi dacewa da farfadowa ta amfani da haɗin haɗin interferon tare da ribavirin. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka yi amfani da maganin da ake amfani da ita, tsawon lokacin da ake bada shawarar ya dogara ne akan genotype.

Jiyya na hepatitis C

Cutar cututtuka da magani na hepatitis C suna da alaka da juna, saboda farfadowa ya dogara, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, akan alamun cutar. Kafin fara magani, dole ne a gudanar da jarrabawa sosai domin sanin ainihin tsarin kulawa ga mai haƙuri da rashin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, dangane da bayanan bincike, likita zai iya ƙayyade abin da miyagun ƙwayoyi daga cutar hepatitis C zai kasance mafi tasiri ga kowanne shari'ar. Modern misali magani na jaundice ne mai hade da antiviral far da "interferon" da "Ribavirin", wanda suna tasiri a kan duk genotypes. Abin baƙin ciki shine, Interferon ba a yi amfani da shi ba a magani, wanda yana da mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin mafi yawan marasa lafiya, kuma haɗin ribavirin tare da wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi shine mafi kyaun maganin cutar hepatitis C zuwa yau.

Ci gaban kimiyya ya haifar da ci gaba da sababbin kwayoyi masu guba da jaundice da suka fi tasiri, mafi aminci kuma mafi yawan ƙwaƙwalwa fiye da waɗanda suke ciki. Wadannan su ne masu zanga-zangar kai tsaye (PDPD), wanda ba kawai zai sauƙaƙe maganin cutar ba, amma kuma kara yawan adadin marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, magungunan maganin rigakafin kwayoyi suna da mummunan tasiri kuma suna haifar da wadannan abubuwa a cikin marasa lafiya:

- ciwon kai;

- mura-kamar bayyanar cututtuka;

- tashin hankali;

- gajiya;

- ciwo a jiki;

- Dama;

- fata rashes, rashin lafiyan halayen.

Idan yaron ya kamu da ciwon haifa C, ya kamata a yi amfani da magani don hana sauyawar cutar ta hanyar ciwo. Farka ma yafi hadaddun, kuma ya haɗa da haɗuwa irin su shirye-shiryen recombinant interferon, parenteral reaferon da viferon rectal suppositories. Ana tsara sassan kulawa don kowane ɗayan yaro ɗaya.

Ga yara daga shekaru 7 da tsufa, haɗuwa da kwayoyi "Interferon" da "Ribavirin" yana yiwuwa. Inductors ("Cycloferon") da kuma immunomodulators ("Tactivin") kuma wajabta. Yawancin magani na jaundice a cikin yara ya dogara da dalilai da dama daga 24 zuwa 48 makonni. Idan aka gano cutar ta asibiti, to ya kamata a riƙa cin abinci tare da abinci, kula da abinci mai kyau da salon rayuwa, kauce wa shan taba da barasa. Yana da muhimmanci a yi kwanciyar hankali tare da kwanciyar hutawa kuma kauce wa shan magunguna marasa mahimmanci.

Akwai hanyoyin da za a bi don magance jaundice, amma yakamata su nemi shawara tare da likita don kada su cutar da jiki kuma kada su kara tsananta cutar.

Bayani da kuma abubuwan

Lokacin da marasa lafiya suka kamu da ciwon haifa C, yawancin mutane zasu iya zama tare da shi tabbas daya daga cikin muhimman tambayoyin da suka tambayi likita. Nan da nan ya kamata a faɗi cewa tsinkaya zai dogara ne akan lokaci na ganowar cutar da tasiri na farfado. A halin yanzu an gano alamar cututtuka da maganin hepatitis C, an zaɓa daidai - maɓallin hanyar nasara. Faris yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin lafiyar mai haƙuri, yana ba da gudummawa mai kyau kuma yana ƙaruwa da saurin sakamakon cutar. A cewar kididdiga, kimanin kashi 20 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya da suka kamu da cutar hepatitis sun warke sosai, ko da yake wannan ba yana nufin cewa ana kiyaye su daga kamuwa da cuta a nan gaba. Sauran kashi 80 na marasa lafiya suna ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta (tare da bayyanar halayyar bayyanar cututtuka ko asymptomatic). Wadannan mutane suna ci gaba da bautar da wasu ga sauran rayuwarsu, yayin da suka zama masu dauke da cutar.

Idan likita ya gano marasa lafiya da ciwon hauka C (bayyanar cututtuka), magani, sakamakon cutar - bayanin da ya kamata a ba wa mai haƙuri a yayin da zai yiwu kuma a cikin wata hanya mai sauƙi. Idan mutum yana zaune tare da ciwon hauka C na shekaru mai yawa, to, yakan ci gaba da rikitarwa:

- hepatitis na kullum;

- cirrhosis na hanta;

- ciwon daji.

Rigakafin cutar

Abin takaici, a halin yanzu babu maganin alurar riga kafi akan jaundice. Marasa lafiya wadanda ke fama da ciwon hauka C, sun sake dubawa cewa yana da kyau don hana cutar fiye da biyan shi daga baya. Don haka, don kauce wa yaduwar cutar da wasu cututtuka na jini, dole ne mutane su bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:

1. Ya kamata ku guje wa raba kayan sirri da kuma yin amfani da abubuwa waɗanda za a iya gurɓata da jini (misali, razors, goge baki, da dai sauransu).
2. Ka guji sokin kunne, sokin, hanyoyin acupuncture, tattooing a wurare tare da tsinkayyar daskararru da rashin bin ka'idojin tsabta.
3. Mutanen da ke ɗauke da ciwon hauka na cutar kutsa C idan sun ziyarci asibitin hakori ko wani ma'aikacin lafiyar kiwon lafiya suna buƙatar sanar da likita cewa suna daukar kwayar cutar. Yin watsi da wannan bukatu yana damun baƙi zuwa asibitin hakori.
4. Duk wani cuts da abrasions ya kamata a kula da su tare da maganin cututtuka da kuma amfani da takalma mai tsabta daga ruwa.
5. Kowane mutum tare da masu yin jima'i da yawa ya kamata ya yi amfani da hanyoyin maganin hana haihuwa, irin su robar kwaroron roba, don ƙuntata hadarin kamuwa da cutar Cizon sauro da sauran cututtukan da aka lalata ta hanyar jima'i.
6. Yana da muhimmanci a aiwatar da matakai masu kariya da aka tsara don amfani da hanyoyin amfani da kayan aiki don injections, injections, tattooing da sauransu.

Ya kamata a fahimci cewa rashin cutar Cizon sauro ba a kawo shi ta hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullum. Hannun hannu, sumba da kullun suna da lafiya, kuma a wannan yanayin babu buƙatar yin amfani da hanyoyin warwarewa ta musamman idan aka magance marasa lafiya. Lambobin da ke ƙara yawan hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta dole ne su kasance tare tare da sakin jini.