Sources hanya da kuma babban inji na watsa

Sani game da yadda akwai yaduwar cututtuka za su zama da amfani ba kawai ga dalilai na kai-da ilimi, amma kuma ya tabbatar da cewa, a cikin taron da hadarin kamuwa da cuta don kare kansu da kuma 'yan uwa daga cututtuka.

The watsa kamuwa da cuta: saukarwa da kuma kafofin

watsa inji - shi ne hanya a cikin abin da causative wakili shiga daga wani kamuwa da tushen da saukin kamuwa rundunar. Wannan tsari, ba shakka, bai faru instantaneously. Na farko, da pathogen dole ne ko ta yaya tsaya daga kamuwa source, sa'an nan a lokaci ya zauna a cikin yanayi ko a wata dabba tsakiya da kuma kawai bayan da wani hanya da dama a cikin laulayi da kwayoyin.

Yana duk farawa da Madogararsa. A epidemiology, shi ne a zaci cewa tushen kamuwa da cuta iya zama kawai wadanda abubuwa, wanda zai mazauninsu, kiwo, sa'an nan a saki pathogens ta hanyar physiological tafiyar matakai. Kamuwa da mutane ko dabbobi - wadannan ne da kafofin daga kamuwa da cuta. watsa inji ne m da yadda cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar on.

Hanyoyi kuma hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta

Hanyoyi na watsa ake kira abubuwa na matattun hali, wanda suke cikin halitta mazauninsu na wadannan microbes ba, amma suna tsunduma cikin su canja wuri. Wannan shi ne yafi iska da ruwa, iyali abubuwa, da abinci, da kuma ƙasa - An wani lokacin kuskure yi imani da kafofin daga kamuwa da cuta. A general, dangane da inda da farko mayar da hankali exciter da kuma inda ta watsi ya auku, suna kasaftawa asali sunadaran da watsa: a fesa, contact, alimentary, watsa.

Dalilai na kamuwa da cuta

The hulda tsakanin microbes da jikin mutum shi ne ba ko da yaushe a warewa da kuma a hade da wasu dalilai. Shin ba kawai muhimmanci sunadaran da kuma halaye na watsa, amma kuma da yanayin a lokacin kamuwa da cuta daga cikin tsarin na rigakafi, da pathogen kashi sigogi na yanayi da kuma hanyar da cuta-haddasa microbes shiga cikin jiki.

Kowane irin pathogens zaɓa hanya mafi datacewa wuri domin kanta a cikin rundunar kwayoyin - irin wannan cewa za ta samar da damar da za su yi nasara a rayuwa, kuma m saki a cikin yanayi da kuma rarraba. Game da shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kamuwa da cuta, shi ne m cewa juyin kowane pathogen haƙa nasu, sau da yawa musamman, "kofofin". Wannan na iya zama a matsayin mucous membrane na numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin, lalace fata da kuma urogenital tsarin. Da cutar ba za ta ci gaba idan ta pathogen samun shiga cikin jikin mutum iya ba da nasu, amma ta hanyar da "baki", sabon abu ga shi ƙofar.

Shi ne kuma mai ban sha'awa cewa, domin gina wata cuta bukatar wani adadin na ta originators. The dauke da kwayar cutar kashi ga kowane pathogen mallaka.

SPRAY inji

Shi ne ya fi kowa inji na watsa. Wani lokacin kira na numfashi, muradinta, ko da Airborne, amma sau da yawa wannan tsari ake cewa droplets. Wannan sunan aptly ya bayyana hanyar da daukar kwayar cutar cututtuka jamiái a cikin wannan harka. Da farko, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kwayoyin cuta sun mayar da hankali a mucous membranes na numfashi fili, kamar yadda ta sneezing, tari ko magana game da droplets na yau da gamsai tsaya a na yanayi iska. Bayan zama a cikinta, kamar yadda wani aerosol yayin da pathogens tare da inhaled iska ya kwarara fada cikin wani mai saukin kamuwa kwayoyin. Kuma idan drop of a gwada manyan size da sauri shirya, da lafiya tarwatsa aerosols iya zama aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma tafiya mai nisa. Wajibi ne a bayyana cewa pathogens iya zama ba kawai a saukad da, amma a da ake wãtsarwa. Wannan ya shafi waɗanda suke pathogens da suke resistant zuwa desiccation.

Sinadirai (abinci) inji

A wannan yanayin, da kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta sarrafa a cikin hanji da kuma fito a cikin muhalli daga sharar kayayyakin. Kamuwa ne da za'ayi a cikin bakinka, yawanci daga kamuwa da abinci da ruwa. Kamuwa da cuta iya samun cikin su tare da datti hannuwa, ta hanyar amfani da nama da madara da kamuwa da dabbobi da kwari. Wannan hanya da aka sani mafi matsayin fecal-baka inji na watsa na dauke da kwayar cutar wakili - kuma an quite "magana" da sunan.

lamba hanya

Wani fairly na kowa inji na watsa. Pathogens haka ne za a zauna a kan fata, mucous membranes, raunuka. Sha'awa, wadannan pathogens an halin high ji na ƙwarai to muhalli yanayi, saboda haka, to harba su na bukatar kai tsaye lamba tare da kamuwa da kyallen takarda kai tsaye. Duk da haka, da kamuwa da cuta kuma iya faruwa ta hanyar da dama abubuwa. Yana iya zama kwayan, kwayar, fungal cututtuka da kuma parasitic cututtuka.

Musamman embodiments na lamba inji

Sau da yawa wadannan daukan hotuna hanyoyi a duk ware a raba kungiyoyin. Amma, tsananin magana, su ne kawai lokuta na musamman riga aka bayyana a lamba inji. Shi ne game da jima'i, jini-haifa, kuma a tsaye hanyoyi na kamuwa da cuta. Jima'i hanyar nuna samu ta hanyar lamba na mucous membranes na urogenital tsarin. Bloodborne hanya - shine tushen da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar gurbata jini a lamba tare da ta kai tsaye zuwa cikin jini da lafiya mutum. Wannan na iya faruwa a lokacin jini, msl, likita hanyoyin ko dangantaka da lalacewar da fata, ko mucous membranes bakararre kida. A tsaye hanya ne don haka ya kira domin watsa inji damar da pathogen daga tsara zuwa tsara na gaba mika mulki a lokacin da cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar ko dai mahaifa a lokacin daukar ciki ko a lokacin bayarwa.

Transmissible kamuwa inji

Lokacin da wannan ginshiki ne causative wakili daga cikin tushen jini, kuma shi ne ya gane da kwari, wato bloodsucking sauro da sauro, lice, mites, fleas. A wannan yanayin, da kwari ne da rai watsa dalilai. Kuma a jikin wasu daga cikinsu shi ne kawai jari na pathogens, in ba haka ba wannan - da sake zagayowar ne da za'ayi domin su ci gaba da kuma haifuwa. Shi ne ma'ana cewa mataki na da ake kamuwa ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga girman da kwaro yawan jama'a. Kamuwa yakan auku kai tsaye a aiwatar da ake cije, amma yiwuwar shigar azzakari cikin farji na pathogens a cikin lalace fata, idan murkushe kwari.

Dole ne in ce cewa rarrabuwa kafa fita sunadaran don canja wuri na pathogens cututtuka a wani mataki da aka matukar. Saboda haka, wasu kafofin ba emit transmissive inji a raba kungiyar, da kuma la'akari da shi daya daga bloodborne - jini hanya. Transmission daga kamuwa da cuta da wadanda ba bakararre syringes da sauran likita kida da wani lokacin ma quite ma'ana koma zuwa transmissibility na inji, kazalika da intrauterine hanya.

Misalan cututtuka bisa ga watsa sunadaran

Yawan kwayoyin a Duniya miliyoyi. Ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka fungi - yawa daga gare su m, amma wasu sa quite hatsari cututtuka. Sources, sunadaran da kuma halaye na watsa a lokuta da cututtuka daban-daban daban-daban. Su jerin ne mai wuya, amma ya fi kowa daraja da sanin yadda kuma zai yiwu kamuwa da su originators.

Saboda haka, droplet ne iya kai: mura, da mulufi zazzabi da kaza pox, rubella da kyanda, da kuma meningitis, tonsillitis, da tarin fuka da sauransu. Game da faecal-baka gwamnati, shi ne yawanci hanji cututtuka watsa inji: .. Kwalara, dysentery, hepatitis A, da dai sauransu A wannan hanya polio kamuwa da cuta auku. Cututtuka daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar sadarwa, - wani iri-iri na fata cututtuka, tetanus, venereal cututtuka, Anthrax. A karshe, transmissible da - ta hanyar da cizo na jini-tsotsa kwari - daukar kwayar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, typhoid, annoba, encephalitis. Hakika, ba duk abin da yake haka sauki, kuma da yawa cututtuka suna daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar ba daya, amma da dama sunadaran.

rigakafin

Riko da na farko dokoki na sirri kiwon lafiya - daya daga cikin mafi sauki da kuma abin dogara wajen kare da cututtuka, musamman daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar alimentary. Kuma ba za mu shagala da sosai wanka da isasshen thermal jiyya kayayyakin abinci. Munin qiyayya yaduwa cututtuka daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar iska - a samun iska daga gabatarwa, rufi lokuta, da yin amfani da likita masks idan ya cancanta lamba. Don kauce wa kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar da jini, shi wajibi ne, kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda zai yiwu, da gangan zabi likita cibiyoyin, tattoo parlors da shagon na gyaran gashi. A rigakafin jima'i cututtuka an ce mai yawa. To, a karshe ya kamata mu ambaci in ba haka ba yana ƙarfafa rigakafi. A cuta ne sauki su hana fiye da warkewarta shi.