Copyright ƙeta: misalai. Alhakin take hakkin mallaka

An fassara a matsayin da hakkin mallaka mara izini haifuwa, ko rarraba kayan da aka kare ta hakkin mallaka :. Music, littattafai, software, fina-finai, da dai sauransu A hakkin ya mallakar dukiyar ilimi da aka kare doka ta, a} asashe.

Mene ne " 'yan fashin teku" da kuma kayayyakin na jabu?

Copyright ƙeta za a iya bayyana conjugated Concepts: jabu (jabu) da kuma "yan fashin teku" (karya ne, amma dangane da dukiyar da hakkin mallaka). Wannan shi ne shakka wani laifi, wanda dogara ne a kan yin amfani da fasaha, da kimiyya da kuma adabi, karkashin kariyar hakkin mallaka, ba tare da izni da marubucin ko hakkin mallaka mai shi, kuma wannan ya hada da take hakkin rubuce a cikin kwangila a kan yin amfani da takamaiman ayyuka da dama yanayi.

The main iri hakkin mallaka ƙeta

Ware mafi yawan wadannan doka ayyuka da su:

• kwashe (rubanyawar littattafai, records, da dai sauransu).
• Rarraba da samfurin (haya, sale, da dai sauransu).
• jama'a zanga-zanga.
• jama'a wasan kwaikwayon na aikin in concert babban dakunan taruwa, sinimomi, kuma haka a. d.;
• watsa shirye-shirye da shi a kan rediyo, talabijin, da sauransu. da sauransu.;
• translation cikin wasu harsuna.
• aiki aiki (plagiarism).

A aikace samu daga wadannan iri keta hakkin mallaka, saboda haka yin magana, "tafiya a tare da sau." Fraudsters, bi da burin nasu kayan enrichment, tsunduma a cikin sabuwar dabara ne ba da wani asali ra'ayin, da kuma na musamman da hanya da assigning hakkin mallaka to da shi.

A halin yanzu dokar tilasta yin aiki da dokoki da kuma na bincike yi, mataki na zargi an yawanci ƙaddara da hakkin mallaka mai shi. Saboda haka, duk wani mataki da cewa ba ya so, ko shi gan shi hani ga samun super-riba, za a yi la'akari da kotu a kan wani m-akai don yin dace yanke shawara game da janye (ko jawo hankalin) laifin wani musamman alhakin.

Historical facts game da kalmar " 'yan fashin teku"

A farko ambaci shi za a iya aiwatar zuwa 1603 A little daga baya, da kalmar " 'yan fashin teku" da aka samu a cikin gabatarwar da waka Alfreda Tennisona «The Lover ta Tale»: «... ya kwanan nan, an hõre m' yan fashin teku."

Sau da yawa da shi za a iya samu a cikin ayoyin doka ayyukan, misali, a cikin harshen Turanci na Berne Yarjejeniyar 1886.: "... m kofe na aikin ne batun kãmun a kowace ƙasa daga cikin kungiyar tarayyar inda aikin tana da doka kariya."

Kalmar " 'yan fashin teku" a gabar "copyright ƙeta" a cikin Rasha-harshen texts, doka kafofin a matakin tarayya ba ya faruwa, amma aka yi amfani da sau da yawa isasshen a kotun records, doka adabi da kuma dokokin gida.

A cewar wasu kafofin, ta yin amfani da aka gano a tare da aikin jaridar cliché.

Bisa ga kafa na free software motsi Richarda Stollmana, dauke da kalmar ya zama yadu a yi amfani dangane da watsi da gargajiya da hanyoyin game da software lasisi, samar da wani ƙarya imani game da musamman korau connotation. A cewar shi, ya sume hade da 'yan fashin teku, wanda, bi da bi, ya ko da yaushe aka hade tare da fashi da makami da fashi, sace, kisan kai, aka yi garkuwa da-shan, nitsewa jiragen ruwa da kuma sauran m laifuka.

A Sanadin fashin teku

Da fari dai, shi ne mafi m, a game da kudin hanya zuwa amfãne a kwatanta da kudin da lasisi Madogararsa.

Yawa, fasahar zamani sun sanya aiwatar da kwashe bayanai a wani sosai m, kuma cheap da yawa.

A baya, doka masana'antun da wata halitta kariya: fasaha amfani da tattalin arziki na sikelin. Duk iya hannu sake rubutawa da kaya ko cika shi a kan wani bugun tafireta, amma inganci da kudin na wadannan kofe zai zama muhimmanci na baya zuwa asali versions.

Don kwanan wata, duk ya canja da cika fuska. Alal misali, wani misali sa na ofishin kayan aiki (printer, m da kwamfuta) iya zai sa wani analogue na littafin bugu a Littafi, tare da kudin zai kasance daidai da kasuwar price. Da shi shi ne mai yiwuwa daga super-ribar - da tushen fashin teku.

A mafi yawa ana yada a kasashen da suke da kudi na riba da capita ne quite low. Saboda haka, babban dalilin da 'yan fashin teku a wadannan kasashe a cikin ni'imar insolvency na yawan (farashin kayayyakin na jabu ne muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da kudin da doka samarwa).

Ba kamar "yan fashin teku" da plagiarism

Shi ne makasudin-saitin. Amma ga " 'yan fashin teku" cewa laifin neman kamar yadda zai yiwu abu amfani, kyalewa da da'a da kuma shari'a bangare na laifi.

A cikin hali na plagiarism, yana da daban-daban burin - da amincewa da manufa masu sauraro aikinsa (ba bisa ƙa'ida ba aro daga yanzu marubucin). Tare da wannan hali, shi ne kullum ba da kasuwanci amfani.

Mene ne sakamako da hakkin mallaka ƙeta?

Wannan sabon abu ne quite na kowa a zamanin yau. Idan batun bai samu hukuma izinin yin amfani da wani abu ta, yana yiwuwa a ce akwai wani classic take hakkin mallaka. A cikin tsarin na Rasha dokokin bayar ga} ungiyoyin da kuma jama'a nauyin.

Jama'a alhaki domin tauye hakkin mallaka bayyana ta Jihar azãba a cikin nau'i na tara, ko kwata na dukiya, ko wasu matakan.

Yana iya zama:

• laifi.
• administrative.

A kutsawa sha'awar kawai daya daga cikin sama. Bisa ga doka, da administrative alhakin za a iya hannu a matsayin shari'a mahaluži (ba tare da iyakancewa) da kuma} ungiyoyin (idan da take hakkin ba ya fada karkashin category da laifukan: lalacewar kasa da dubu 50 rubles ..). In ba haka ba, sun riga sun kai tsaye shiga a cikin masu laifi.

Dalili na administrative alhakin ne art. 7,12 na Gudanarwa Code kuma ga m - Art. 146 na kundin Code: "take hakkin mallaka."

Saboda haka, karshen ayyukan a matsayin sakamako na mafi tsanani take hakki: kasuwanci ayyukan jajirce a kan wani babban sikelin, wanda a cikin sa da amfani mara izini na mallaka, ko da alaka da 'yancin, a matsayin wani sakamakon wanda wani riba na fiye da dubu 50. Rub. ko 250 dubu. Rub. (A cikin akwati na babban sikelin).

Rundunar alhaki don ƙeta hakkin mallaka na daukan sakamako kawai a lokacin da aka azabtar ya so. A wannan yanayin da laifin biya dace diyya ga marubucin ko za maida da ya sa lalacewa ko asarar ribar.

Legal bangare na kariya da hakkin mallaka

A kasar mu, shi ne samar da dokar da Yuli 9, 1993 N 5351-1 «A Copyright da shafi Rights", more daidai, ta biyar sashe - "The kariya daga hakkin mallaka da kuma alaka da hakkokin", wanda ya hada da uku articles a kan wannan topic (48, 49, 50).

Saboda haka, labarin 48 kafa dokar hakkin mallaka ƙeta, wanda ya bada jerin sunayen da wadannan bayanai:

1. A cikin ayyuka da kai ga m, administrative da ƙungiyoyin alhaki.
2. Gaskiyar cewa ga wadanda ba yarda da sama da bukatun da dokar da kuma shari'a da kuma ta jiki mutane suna dauke warware.
3. Game da deciphering abin da aiki da kofe na phonogram ne m.

A kayyade laifi alhaki ga hakkin mallaka ƙeta?

Don yin wannan, a kasar mu akwai wani daidai labarin (146) na Criminal Code - "take hakkin mallaka da kuma alaka da 'yancin."

Yana ta tanadi cewa fanarite for hakkin mallaka ƙeta - shi ne daya daga cikin takunkumi Ya hõre ta a cikin kaso mutum (dangane da yanayin da ya ayyuka).

A cikin hali na aiki na marubucin (plagiarism), ya bi ta hanyar daya daga cikin wadannan fenariti:

1. Ake bukata aiki, wanda zai iya wuce daga 180 zuwa 240 hours.
2. Da azãba gare hakkin mallaka ƙeta a cikin adadin 200 dubu rubles.
3. Tsaro na tsawon uku zuwa watanni shida.

Bayar haram amfani (ajiya, saye, kai) daga m kofe na da wadannan takunkumi suna hõre:

• da azãba gare hakkin mallaka ƙeta (200 dubu rubles, ko samun kudin shiga, ciki har da hakkina na tsawon goma sha takwas watanni ..).
• aikin da ake bukata (180 - 240 hours).
• tsaro (har zuwa shekaru biyu).

Copyright ƙeta (labarin UFPA) kungiyar huddle na mutane ko da wani tsari kungiyar ko wani mutum, wanda ya yi amfani da hukuma matsayi, ko a cikin wani babban sikelin fuskantar da wadannan takunkumi:

• a gidan yari, (har zuwa shekaru 6).
• lafiya (har zuwa 500 dubu. Rub., ko wasu samun kudin shiga, ciki har da hakkina na shekaru uku).

Me Hanyar ne ya fi kowa a cikin tsarin na copyright kariya?

Hakika, shi ne diyya ga diyya. Ramuwa ga hakkin mallaka ƙeta - madadin Hanyar kariya idan aka kwatanta da dawo da diyya. A wasu kalmomin, da dama mariƙin za'a bashi taken ga wani ramuwa ko maida daga diyya.

Duk da haka, ya kamata la'akari da aya cewa daidaito na lasafta adadin diyya a cikin hali da hakkin mallaka ƙeta saboda wani yawan dalilan da wuya don tabbatarwa.

Amma ga azãba biyan bashin, ba lallai ba ne su tabbatar da size, sakamakon kariya na marubucin hakkin a gudanar da mafi sauki da kuma sauki.

iri diyya

Ramuwa ga hakkin mallaka ƙeta za a iya kafa a:

• 10 dubu -. Miliyan 5 rubles. (Shan la'akari da yanayin da ƙeta, ta tsawon lokaci, da effects, da mataki na laifi daga laifin da sauran al'amura).
• sau biyu, da darajar da hakkin ya yi amfani da aiki (lasisi), shan la'akari madadin amfanin.
• sau biyu, da darajar da m kofe na aiki.

A kayyade size of diyya hukunci da ka'idojin na ãdalci kuma reasonableness (p. 3, v. 1252 GKRF).

Da abun ciki na da'awar da hakkin mallaka ƙeta

Ya dogara da jinsunan. Yawanci, siffantawa ya kasu kashi tattalin arziki da kuma halin kirki, duk da haka, bisa ga ƙayyadaddu na copyright moriyar wani musamman marubucin wuya a bambance a kan wannan akai, don haka suka sukan harhada tare a guda tsari.

Ga wadanda ba dukiya irin hada da wadannan hakkoki:

• jawabi.
• marubucin;
• a kan review kuma bazawa na aikin;
• don kare data kasance suna.

A da'awar da hakkin mallaka ƙeta za a iya directed biyu a cikin kotuna, kuma da a jikin bincike da kuma bincike na farko, aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci.

Non-dukiya kara iya hada wadannan bukatun:

• a kan amincewa da m dama (misali, a kan fitarwa na co-marubucin).
• lzheavtorstva kafa gaskiyar na mai tsaro.
• sabuntawa na farko guzuri na dokar (lãbãrin take hakkin).
• ga danniya da ayyukan guje gaba take hakki na dama ko riga keta shi.
• littafin na da shawarar da kotun game da take hakkin (a kudi na laifin).
• ramuwa ga halin kirki lalacewa.

An mataki domin tauye hakkin mallaka abu yanayi na iya hada wadannan bukatun:

• domin dawo da kamasho (copyright kamasho).
• domin diyya na diyya lalacewa ta hanyar gaskiya da hakkin mallaka ƙeta.
• a kan amincewa da groundless enrichment (gabatar da collaborator wanda kuskuren kasafta wani ta fee).

Video fashin teku a matsayin misali na hakkin mallaka ƙeta

Wannan kalma ana denoted da ba bisa doka ba rarraba da kofe abu (TV shows, fina-finai, da dai sauransu) Ta wajen woje, fayafayan, kazalika da Internet. Video fashin teku za a iya niyya a matsayin riba (sayar da m kaya a shagunan, kiosks da kuma kama. D.), Kuma da riba na (raba video tare da abokai da sauransu.).

A farkon yanayin, da pirated version na fim na iya bayyana tun kafin hukuma (misali, akwai lokuta idan aiki version na fim, sata daga ƙungiya, shi ne riga sayarwa).

A ingancin da rikodi a wannan yanayin, na iya bambanta ma daga abin da na wani lasisi kwafin, amma ba lallai ba ne.

A kasar mu, video da kuma piratical records - wadannan sun fi na kowa misalai na hakkin mallaka ƙeta, amma ba yana nufin ne kawai suke.

Akwai musamman tsara Alamun a cikin nau'i na abbreviations cewa an kara ainihin fayil sunayen cewa nuna irin kofe yi.

Bã su da siffar:

1. "Ekranki» (CAMRip - cam). Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan abu yin fim a al'ada movie gidan wasan kwaikwayo masu sauraro, ya isasshe low quality.
2. Telesync (TS). Better kwafin yin fim kagaggun wasan kwaikwayo ma'aikaci tare da masu sana'a kamara saka a kan taži.
3. "Bolt» (telecine - TC). A ingancin da fim ne yawanci a sama wa talakawan. Wannan binciken kuma samar wasan kwaikwayo ma'aikaci, amma ta hanyar telecine.
4. Yayyo na aiki version (workprint - WP). Halin matsakaici ingancin abu kama a wani fim studio.
5. Leaked promo kofe (DVD screener - DVDSCR da Screener - SCR), wanda aka rarraba film sukar, film labaru, da dai sauransu ne ma mediocre ...
6. Dvdrip halin high quality kofe samu daga video store ko retailer.
7. R5 dvdrip - kwafin, aka yi nufi ga kasashen biyu da na uku kasashen duniya.
8. HDTVRip, CATVRip, TVRip, SATRip - kofe abu samu daga watsa shirye-shirye.
9. BDRip (Blu-ray Disc Rip) - aiki m sosai high quality, shi ne samu BD Disc kwashe na video rarraba.
10. VHS Rip - sosai low quality kwafin, samu daga videocassettes.

Bugu da kari to video 'yan fashin teku, za ka iya har yanzu haskaka wadannan misalai na tauye hakkin mallaka kamar yadda piratical records, m software, kwamfuta wasanni da video games.

Mafi na kowa laifukan a cikin wannan al'amari

Akwai da wadannan lokuta na hakkin mallaka ƙeta:

• ba biya ko m biyan kudin.
• bazawa na aikin ba tare da yardarka daga Game da mawallafin.
• copyright ƙeta game da tsare sirri na aikinsa;
• rashin tantancewa da sunan marubucin.

Kuma wannan ba irga na irin laifukan da suka aikata. Duk da haka, wadannan suka faru na hakkin mallaka ƙeta, musamman da rashin so ga saka da gaskiya marubucin, bunƙasa, a cikin zamani al'umma.

Muhimmanci procedural siffofin dangi da zumudi da shari'a review lokuta da hakkin mallaka ƙeta

Da fari dai, suna dauke a matsayin lokuta (m a azabtar ta request).

Abu na biyu, ga zumudi da aka azabtar dole ne sallama a ƙara kai tsaye zuwa kotu, wanda dole ne nuna da wadannan: tsawon lokacin da laifi, da wanda aka za'ayi, inda cewa shi ne sakamakon wani hananne yi da kuma abin da daidai suna da goyan bayan da aka azabtar da muhawara game da hannu na laifin tambayeku.

Abu na uku, kotu yana da wani hakki a bar ba tare da ji wani gunaguni samu saboda ta insignificance, kuma saboda rashin kwakkwarar sheda, ko ga wani sauran dalili.

Idan m ƙi zuwa fara shari'ar aikata laifi, shi dole ne a bayar da procedural shawarar da hukunci, shi dole Har ila yau bayyana dalilan irin wannan hukunci.

Huxu, idan akwai hakkin mallaka ƙeta ba dakatar saboda sulhu daga cikin jam'iyyun. Production faruwa a kan su a cikin wani janar hanya (tare da rike da gawawwakin bincike na farko da m ofishin).

Biyar, idan hakkin mallaka ƙeta da ake gyarawa a karon farko, da kuma bayanai game da ainihin asalin laifin da yanayin da ya ayyuka nuna babban rabo daga cikin Yiwuwar ta gyara ba tare da yin amfani da laifi matakan, kotu na iya yanke shawara a ƙarasa da laifi al'amarin tare da m canja wuri na duk kayan a kan shi a shawara yana da wani m kotu.

Bisa kididdigar da, shi ƙaddara da laifi alhaki tare da girmamawa da laifi yana da wuya a aiwatar.

M, kuma m online sabis da music ba tare da hakkin mallaka

A manyan yawan wažožin kiša, kazalika da accompaniments da hakkin mallaka, da kuma su jama'a ƙonawa a kan wasu shafukan da aka haramta.

A kasar mu soma wani dokar a kan kariya daga hakkin mallaka albarkatun daga irin wannan doka ayyuka, kamar kwashe da kuma rarraba. Saboda haka, hosting samar don toshe shafukan da aka gano a take hakkin mallaka.

Music ba tare da hakkin mallaka ƙeta - m abun ciki, wanda shi ne free kuma za a iya sauke ba tare da wani take hakki.

Yau za mu iya ware irin wannan mai yawa da kuma dace da sabis ga music ba tare da wani hani, kamar:

• Youtube.ru.
• Freemusicarchive.org.
• shafukan karkashin kulawa na Creative Commons, ciki har da danosongs.com, audionautix.com da sweetsoundeffects.com.
• rutube.ru.
• Jamendo.com.

A wasu ƙasashe wannan baza laifi?

Bisa kididdigar da, irin wannan take hakkin da moriyar wannan category na hakkokin da kambun ne na kowa a kasashe irin su Rasha, China, Mexico, Ukraine, Brazil da kuma Indonesia.

Babban dalilin wannan sabon abu ne na tattalin arziki da bukatun, musamman:

1. Hakkokin da kambun monopolistic yi dukiyar ilimi aiki a sosai high farashin, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ba ya danganta wa] annan tare da mabukaci siffofin da manufa kasuwar kashi.
2. Akwai bambance a rayuwar a cikin kasashen a cikin abin da shigo da samfurin dukiyar ilimi (price bai daidaita da talakawan matakin na Hakkin ba dauka la'akari da matakin na wajibi haraji da sauransu.), Ko da yake dauke da quite m, a kasar-manufacturer farashin lasisi kayayyakin.