Cephalosporins 4th tsara Allunan. Maganin rigakafi-cephalosporins 4th ƙarni

Cephalosporins ciki beta-lactam kwayoyi. Su wakilta daya daga cikin mafi girma a azuzuwan da antibacterial kwayoyi.

Overview

In mun gwada sabon suna dauke cephalosporins 4th tsara. Na baka siffofin a cikin wannan kungiyar ba su da samuwa. Sauran uku suna wakilta ta hanyar baka da kuma parenteral amfani. Cephalosporins da high yawan aiki da kuma gwada da low yawan guba. Saboda wannan da suka zauna a manyan matsayi a kan mita na amfani a asibiti yi dukkan antibacterial jamiái.

Alamomi ga Amfani for kowane tsara cephalosporins dogara a kan su pharmacokinetic Properties da antibacterial aiki. Magunguna da tsarin kama da penicillin. Yana da kayyade uniform inji na antimicrobial effects, kazalika da giciye-alerji a wasu marasa lafiya.

kewayon aiki

Cephalosporins da bactericidal sakamako. Yake da alaka da take hakkin ya kafa tantanin halitta ganuwar kwayoyin. Daga cikin na farko zuwa na uku tsara hali to muhimmanci fadada cikin kewayon mataki da kuma bunkasa antimicrobial aiki a kan gram-korau microbes da kadan ragewan sakamako a kan gram-tabbatacce kwayoyin. Don general ga dukan kafofin watsa labarai Properties hada da babu wani gagarumin tasiri a kan enterococci da kuma wasu sauran microbes.

Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya da sha'awar a, me ya sa ba saki 4th tsara cephalosporins a Allunan? Gaskiyar cewa wadannan kwayoyi da musamman kwayoyin tsarin. Yana ba da damar da aiki sinadaran a shiga cikin tsarin da na hanji mucosa Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, 4th tsara cephalosporins a Allunan ba samuwa. Duk da magunguna a cikin wannan kungiya da aka tsara don parenteral gwamnati. Samuwa a 4 ƙarnõni na cephalosporins a ampoules tare da sauran ƙarfi.

4th tsara cephalosporins

Kwayoyi a cikin wannan kungiyar an sanya na musamman da kwararru. Wannan shi ne mai gwada da sabon category na magunguna. Cephalosporins 3, 4 da al'ummomi da irin wannan zangon na effects. A bambanci ne a m illa a karo na biyu kungiyar. Na nufin "Cefepime", misali, wata yawan sigogi kusa da uku-tsara kwayoyi. Amma saboda wasu peculiarities a cikin sinadaran tsarin, yana da ikon shiga ta hanyar da gina garu na gram-korau kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin yana nufin "Cefepime" mun gwada da barga zuwa hydrolysis da beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-aji. Saboda haka, baya ga halaye peculiar zuwa 3rd tsara cephalosporins (yana nufin "ceftriaxone" "Cefotaxime"), da miyagun ƙwayoyi farfado irin wannan fasali kamar:

• tasiri a kan da ake dasu overproducing beta-lactamases (chromosomal) C-aji.
• high aiki dangi zuwa ba fermenting kwayoyin.
• mafi girma da juriya ga hydrolysis da beta-lactamase baza bakan (darajar wannan siffa ne ba a bayyana har karshen).

Ingibitorzaschischennye magunguna

Wannan kungiyar hada da daya miyagun ƙwayoyi "Cefoperazone / Sulbactam". A kwatanta da monosredstvom, a hade medicament ya fadada bakan na aiki. Ana rinjayar da anaerobic kwayoyin, mafiya yawa daga damuwa da Enterobacteriaceae, iya samar da beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Parenteral Cephalosporins 3, 4, ƙarni na wani sosai tunawa a lokacin da gudanar cikin tsoka. Medicaments na baka gwamnati halin da high sha a cikin gastrointestinal fili. Bioavailability zai dogara ne a kan musamman medicament. Yana da yake a cikin kewayon 40-50% (for kwayoyi "Cefixime", misali) zuwa 95% (for kudi "Cefaclor" "cefadroxil" "Cephalexin"). Na baka sha na wasu magunguna iya rage gudu abinci ci. Amma irin wannan magani kamar yadda "Cefuroxime ascetic" a lokacin sha hydrolyzed. More m saki na aiki bangaren lõkacin da ta inganta harkokin abinci.

4th tsara cephalosporins suna da kyau rarraba a da yawa tsokoki da kuma gabobin (ban da prostate), kazalika da ta asĩri. A high miyagun ƙwayoyi yawa da ake samu a synovial da peritoneal, pericardial da pleural ruwaye, ƙasũsuwa da fata, taushi da nama, hanta, tsoka, koda da kuma huhu. A ikon hawa da BBB kuma samar da wata warkewa taro a CSF ne mafi pronounced a cikin na uku-ƙarni kwayoyi kamar "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" kazalika "Cefotaxime" da kuma wakilin hudu - nufin "Cefepime".

Metabolism da tukar tumbi

Mafi yawan cephalosporins ba batun lalata. An togiya ne dauke da wani magani "cefotaxime". Yana biotransfomiruetsya bi ta samuwar aiki samfurin. Excreted cephalosporins 4th ƙarni, kazalika da wakilan sauran, yafi kodan. Lokacin da Fading a fitsari ake samu in mun gwada high yawa.

Magunguna "Cefoperazone" da "Ceftriaxone" halin da biyu kawar - hanta da kuma kodan. Domin mafi cephalosporins rabin rayuwa ne a cikin daya zuwa biyu hours. A tsawon lokaci ake bukata domin kudi "ceftibuten," "Cefixime" (3-4 hours), kazalika da "Ceftriaxone" (8.5 hours). Wannan ya sa ya yiwu sanya musu sau daya a rana. A marasa lafiya da na koda gazawar, sashi na magunguna bukatar a gyara.

illa

Maganin rigakafi - cephalosporins 4th tsara - sa a yawan mummunan sakamakon, ciki har da:

• Alerji. Marasa lafiya na iya fuskanci erythema multiforme, rash, urticaria, magani ciwo, eosinophilia. Gefen sakamakon wannan category kuma sun hada da anaphylactic buga, zazzabi, angioedema, bronchoconstriction.
• Hematologic halayen. Daga cikin su shi ne su samar da wani m Coombs, leucopenia, eosinophilia (nadiri), hemolytic anemia, neutropenia.
• Jijiya cuta. A cikin aikace-aikace na mafi girma allurai a marasa lafiya tare da koda tabarbarewa lura convulsions.
• Hanta: ƙãra transaminases.
• Narkewa kamar cuta. Daga cikin illar ne quite na kowa zawo, pseudomembranous colitis, amai da kuma tashin zuciya, zafi a ciki. A cikin hali na ruwa stools da jini, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa miyagun ƙwayoyi kife.
• Local halayen. Wadannan sun hada da infiltration da soreness a shafin na intramuscular allura da kuma phlebitis da igiyar jini allura.
• Sauran effects aka bayyana a cikin nau'i na farji candidiasis da baka.

Alamomi da kuma contraindications

4th tsara cephalosporins sanya lokacin da nauyi nizkominalnyh zai fi dacewa cututtuka sa ta multidrug-resistant microflora. Wadannan sun hada da empyema pleura, ƙurji a cikin huhu, ciwon huhu, septicemia, kashi da kuma hadin gwiwa cuta. 4 nuna tsara cephalosporins cututtuka wuya da irin a cikin urinary fili, da neutropenia da sauran immunodeficient jihohi. Magunguna ba iyãkance wa mutum rashin ha} uri.

rigakafi

A da ake ji da giciye-type alerji kiyaye. Marasa lafiya m na penicillin alama a kama dauki zuwa na farko-tsara cephalosporins. Cross alerji lokacin da ake ji na biyu, ko na uku category ne weaker (a cikin 1-3% na lokuta). Tare da wani tarihi na nan da nan irin halayen (msl, anaphylactic buga , ko urticaria), na ƙarni na farko kwayoyi suna sanya tare da taka tsantsan. Shirye-shirye na wadannan Categories (musamman na huɗu) ne mafi aminci.

Pregnancy kuma lactation

Cephalosporins an nada antenatal ba tare da wani musamman hane-hane. Duk da haka, isassun sarrafawa karatu a cikin aminci daga magunguna da aka ba gudanar. A low yawa na cephalosporins iya shiga cikin madara. Kan bango da miyagun ƙwayoyi a lokacin lactation ne iya canza a cikin hanji microflora, candidiasis, fata na gaggawa, da wayar da yara.

Ilimin aikin likita na yara da kuma geriatrics

A cikin aikace-aikace da jariri zai yiwuwa kara da rabin-rai a kan bango na hanawa na koda tukar tumbi. A tsofaffi da marasa lafiya, wani canji a koda aiki, sabili da haka m slowdown a cire magunguna. Wannan na iya bukatar gyara kewaye aikace-aikace da kuma sashi.

koda tabarbarewa

Tun kau na fi cephalosporins faruwa da farko ta hanyar koda tsarin a wani aiki form, da sashi regimen ya kamata a gyara daidai da halaye da kwayoyin. A high allurai, musamman a hade tare da madauki diuretics, aminoglycoside ko m aukuwa nephrotoxic sakamako.

hanta tabarbarewa

Wasu kwayoyi suna excreted a cikin bile, sabili da haka marasa lafiya da m cutar hanta, da sashi ya kamata a rage. A cikin wadannan marasa lafiya akwai wani babban propensity ga zub da jini da kuma gipoprotrombinemii a cikin aikace-aikace na nufin "Cefoperazone". A matsayin matakin rigakafi da shawarar bitamin K.