Nau'o'i na rera wakoki. Nau'o'i instrumental da kuma rera wakoki

Music, a cikin abin da jagorancinsa nasa ne da murya da aka kira vocal. Yana iya rubuta zuwa daya, biyu ko jam'i na nunawa, biyu, da masu raka, kuma ba tare da shi. Nau'o'i na rera wakoki, kazalika da instrumental, bayan wani dogon hanya na ci gaba, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da zamantakewa ayyuka na art. Kamar haka ya tashi da sadaukarwa, al'ada, aikin, iyali Chants. A tsawon lokaci, wannan ra'ayi ya zama mafi tartsatsi da kowa yana da. A wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da suke da nau'o'i na music.

song

Yana bayyana a zamanin da. Yana kawo tare da wallafe-wallafen rubutu da fairly sauki Catchy kiɗa. Wannan shi ne mafi tsufa kuma primary Genre, a cikin shakka daga ta juyin halitta ba, yadu bambanta. A farko song, halitta da mutane da kuma wuce duk da bambancin da yankunan karkara rayuwa (kalandar ibãdar yanka, iyali da kuma iyali, zagaye dance da dance tune). Tare da nassi daga lokaci bayyana more sana'a mawallafa ayyukansu.

Renaissance vocal nau'o'i: Mass

Wannan ne suna muqala, rubuta ga addini na al'ada. A zuciya na waka ne texts dauka daga cikin ibadar da na Latin shagulgulan da kuma saita zuwa music. A wannan salo, da mawaki ya rubuta marigayi Renaissance: Lasso, Palestrina. Mass al'ada kunshi biyar sassa: Kyrie, Credo, Gloria, Agnus Dei da Sanctus. Up har sai karni na sha tara ayyukan wannan salo da aka halitta na musamman ga namiji ƙungiyar mawaƙa, jam'iyyar boys raira waƙa soprano.

motet

Ya bayyana a Faransa a tsakiyar goma sha bakwai karni. Mutane da yawa nau'o'i na rera wakoki na wannan lokaci da aka rubuta a sautunan style. A karin misalin wannan - da motet. Yana hadawa 'yan sautuka tare da daban-daban texts. Tare da ƙananan murya (mawaki) ya rera rera a Latin, da kuma sauran (motetus, triplum, duplum) - jam'iyyar a kan Faransa. Da abun ciki na ayoyin da aka na a m hali ko soyayya. Rubuta motets ga mawaka da instrumental bi da kuma wani capella. By Genre isa Palestrina, Jacques Despres, G. Dufay, kuma daga baya - WA Mozart, G. Handel, A Bruckner, Brahms.

madrigal

Wannan Genre samo asali a Italiya a cikin tsakiyar karni na sha shida. Duk da yake madrigals kira m sautunan song ba tare da masu raka. Yawanci, ta sa wadanda mutane zuwa wasu har, ko da son abun ciki. A rarrabe da waka na wannan salo ne da wayo irin zane.

Vilanella

Shi ne wanda ya riga na madrigal. A wani zahiri hankali, da sunan "vilanella" fassara a matsayin rustic song. Ayyukan wannan salo rubuta a couplet, strophic tsari, tsara da dai sauransu A yi ta uku ko hudu muryoyin. Sito vilanell yawanci sautunan ciki - ko comic pastoral. Babban karin waƙa daga cikin song (da babba murya), tuni, da kuma sauran jam'iyyar yi aiki a matsayin wani bi da. A tsawon lokaci, wannan aiki da aka ɗõra wa ɗaukar kida.

romance

Wannan salo na vocal jam'iyya music fito a rabi na biyu na karni na sha tara. Romance kira wani yanki na music rubuta ga murya da masu raka (molo, piano, guitar). A wannan aiki na masu raka shi ne mafi cikakken watsuwar da abun ciki na ayyuka, da yada warai lyrical kuma da dabara irin abubuwan da marubucin. Don wannan salo isa wannan da aka sani composers kamar P.Tchaikovsky, Musorgski M., A. Alyabyev, Glinka, S.Rakhmaninov et al.

Ballad

Wannan shi ne sunan music, rubuta a kan almara ko tarihi labari. Yana daukawa da labari, almara da kuma a lokaci guda lyrical. A farko m ballads bayyana a Scotland da kuma Ingila. Suka yi wani soloist, tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, gaya game da daban-daban na tarihi, a satirical ko ban mamaki abubuwan. The kafa wannan salo a cikin vocal art yana dauke da F. Schubert.

serenade

A cikin tsohon kwana shi ne sunan song na troubadours. A lokacin da Renaissance da kuma tsakiyar zamanai, wannan salo daukan kan sabon ma'anar. Yanzu, a karkashin wannan sunan na nufin wakar soyayya da daukan cikin Cavalier da yamma karkashin taga da ya ƙaunataccen. A wannan yanayin, singer accompanies kansa a kan guitar, da mandolin ko lute.

Choral nau'o'i na rera wakoki

Zauna a wuri na musamman a cikin art. Wadannan ayyukan da aka rubuta domin Chorus, halin da 'yanci na yi da kuma rare tunani da couplet form. Suna halin da matsakaicin daidai da na m kaya ce. Musamman, amma mafi kalubale Genre ne song sake zagayowar. An kafa ta dama raba guda, da united kowa m ji. Domin vocal hawan keke jawabi da yawa composers. Daga gare su, Schumann, Glinka, Shostakovich, Mussorgsky, Schubert.

Cyclic nau'o'i na vocal ayyukansu

A ya fi girma siffofin. Sun kunshi dama raba m sassa, m da janar ma'anar ayyukansu. Dalili na gina wannan nau'i na music ta'allaka bambanci manufa, advantageously tempo. Wadannan sun hada da oratorios, talakawa, babban dakuna da kuma wasu har da wasan kwaikwayo.

cantata

Don haka ya kira cyclic hadaddun aiki na lyrical - almara ko grand ciki. Shi ne a cikin kananan size da kuma iya hada solo - vocal wasanni, choral guda, was kuma orchestral aukuwa. Sassan na cantata, sananniyar theme, ne m. Saboda haka, sau da yawa suka yi a cikin shagali shirye-shirye kamar yadda raba dakunan. Rabo na wannan salo kai daban-daban images (lyric, ban mamaki, contemplative): Prokofiev "Alexander Nevsky".

oratorio

Compositional da m yanki a kan wani babban sikelin, wanda dogara ne a kan wani jinsin jaruntakar da kuma ban mamaki labarin. Domin ya bayani na nunawa sau da yawa ya gabatar da riwayan ko karatu. Wannan aiki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, rubuta ga mawaka, da mawaƙa, tuni kuma ƙungiyar makaɗa. A wannan salo muka yi aiki da yawa composers: I. S. Bah "St. John Passion", Camille Saint-Saëns 'Samson da Delila ", Igor Stravinsky" Oedipus Rex ".

Suite don mawaka

Yana a sake zagayowar, ya kunshi m batutuwa da dakuna, nasaba da na kowa shawara. Kowane mutum yanki da aka tsara don inuwa ko haskaka daban-daban fuskoki dabam-dabam na core ideas. A daukan hankali misali na irin wannan a sake zagayowar ne suite "Biyar halayyar images". A ta m lambobi, a fili daban-daban daga juna, zana wani m hoto na wasu hotunan ( "baƙauye buster," "Mermaid," "Sã'a Spring").

opera

Wannan babban-sikelin ban mamaki aiki, hada da nau'o'i na instrumental da kuma rera wakoki da kuma choreographic art da kuma zanen. An rubuta don ƙungiyar makaɗa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa kuma tuni. Da rawar da haddasa aka bai wa mutum solo lambobi (arias, arioso da Arietta), yada hotunan da kuma yanayi na protagonists.

Liturgical nau'o'i na rera wakoki

Yana bautarka wani babba wuri a cikin shagali yi. Bugu da ƙari, Popular songs kamar yadda Orthodox ( "tashin" Rachmaninoff "ibadar" Gretchaninov da Tchaikovsky) da kuma cocin ( "Requiem" Verdi, Mozart). A lokacin bukukuwan addini, wadannan ayyuka suna complemented al'ada ayyuka, da salla kuma processions. A concert a kan mataki su ne mafi reminiscent na wani cantata ko oratorio hada da raba sassa, was, ƙananan waƙoƙi, arias. A karshen karni na ashirin da liturgical nau'o'i saya wadanda mutane fasali. A karin misalin wannan - "Requiem" Kabalevsky da Britten, kazalika da aikin Shchedrin ta "The shãfe haske Angel".