Catacombs na Roma: Tarihin, Siffar

The yawa Faces of Roma, lambobi da dama shekara dubu, shi ne mafi m birni a Italiya, wadda ta zo da rai page tarihi labari. Dimbin yawa a kan ƙarni babban birnin kasar, inda da daidaituwa da alaka da baya, yanzu da kuma nan gaba, abin mamaki gigantic yawan musamman abubuwa, yin shi a real bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya. Tarihi da al'adun wurin Madawwami City ne don yawon bude ido da yin wani m tafiya a cikin m da, da kuma yin matsahi na saba da wani lu'u-lu'u na Italiya, riƙe Kirista wuraren bauta.

Catacombe di Roma

Ba kawai Orthodox mahajjata, amma kuma ga duk yawon bude ido okin ya gano wani sabon abu da kuma ba a sani ba, da hanyoyi kai ga boye catacombs na Roma, shi ne wani Babbar cibiyar sadarwar mazes na tufa, da ganuwar da aka niƙe da maharibai for burials. Multi-matakin gallery, encircling da sarari a karkashin babban birnin kasar, ya bayyana a cikin pre-Kirista zamanin. Known arna Saracen da Yahudawa catacombs, kuma duk masana kimiyya sun gano fiye da 60 a karkashin kasa labyrinths da kuma game da 750 dubu crypts.

Mafi yawansu ba su bayyana a cikin farkon Kirista zamanin, kuma da sosai farko gallery da aka kafa a 107 AD. Apostol Petr da dalibai samu wani m wadannan tsakanin mutane daban-daban na zamantakewa strata. A farko Kiristoci na Roma da aka sau da yawa tsananta tun Sarkin sarakuna bukaci cewa kawai ya yarda Allah, da kuma mabiya sabon addini bauta wa daya da kuma kawai Almasihu.

Catacombs yi nufi ga burials

A baya can, akwai wani ra'ayi cewa a cikin catacombs na Roma da aka boye mutane tsananta sarki ta sojoji, amma shi ba: a cikin karkashin kasa labyrinths, inda shi ne ko da yaushe duhu, babu daya rayu, domin shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Ɗanɗana fushin shugabanni, Kiristoci amfani ga kaburbura na 'yan uwa dabam daga al'ummai watsi quarries ko zaman kansa ikon mallakar Romawa, to yarda da sabon addini. Jin lafiya, suka haƙa Tunnels cikin tuff da kuma fadada data kasance farfajiyoyi, samar da wata babbar cibiyar sadarwa na mazes a tsawo daga 2.5 zuwa 5 mita. Mountain porous dutse ne quite laushi, sauƙi marmashe, kuma shi ne mai sauki su yi ta tono al'ada shebur ko pickaxe dukan tsarin mulki.

A 'yan facts game da binne a galleries

A garesu na farfajiyoyi Kiristoci buga a cikin ganuwar suya maharibai (loculi) a cikin abin da ya sanya da matattu jiki. Sa'an nan a irin kabarin hananna da dutse slabs. Matattu yan'uwanmu wanke, shafa da kayan yaji, kamar yadda Kiristoci ba embalmed jiki, a nade a cikin wani shroud da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani alkuki kurkuku, rufe shi da tubalin ko faranti a kan wanda aka kwarzana da sunan marigayin da kuma laconic epitaph. Sau da yawa gina a cikin bango mai fitila.

A tududa a cikin kunkuntar farfajiyoyi sassaka a dama yadudduka har zuwa biyar mita. A karkashin kasa farfajiyoyi da aka yanke kubikuly - gefen dakuna, wanda suka iyali vaults ko binne wurin popes da kuma shahidai.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa mutanen da suka haƙa ƙarƙashin ƙasa galleries, kuma daga baya dauke labyrinths a m yanayin, kira fossorami, da kuma shiryar da su ke da iko, su sa bishops. Mutane da yawa kogwanni suna suna bayan su, kamar da catacombs na Callistus a Roma aka mai suna archdeacon na Callistus, wanda ya zama pontiff. A farkon da IV karni, a lokacin da Kiristanci da aka ayyana da hukuma addini, duk zalunci da muminai sun tsaya, kuma dungeons haƙa da su, sananne ne a matsayin na aikin kaburbura.

Bude manta dungeons

Catacombs na Roma aka daukarsa a matsayin mai da muhimmanci sosai aukuwa a rayuwa na babban birnin kasar, amma bayan wani karni mazes zo a cikin kufai, domin lalle ne su daina amfani da jana'izar matattu. A cikin kurkuku, wanda ya juya a cikin Wuri Mai Tsarki na shahidai, daruruwan dubban mahajjata rũgũguwar fita. Amma nan da nan ta nufin ikon da Roman bishops ake cirewa da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa birnin Ibada.

Hana ragowar girmama waliyai, galleries aka manta har 1578, a lokacin da ta fara gina wata hanya via Salaria kuma samu farko hurumi. Saboda haka da catacombs na Bilkisu da aka samu - na aristocracy, zo daga mai daraja da daraja iyali da kuma mallakar wani yawa na ƙasar, a kan wanda akwai karkashin kasa binne.

A manyan-sikelin binciken na catacombs Waliyyai a Roma daukan wuri a cikin XIX karni, da kuma wata babbar gudunmawa ga bincike na taimaka Reiman Rasha artist wanda ya rubuta game da wani mutum ɗari kofe na frescoes kiyaye a kan garun galleries. Daga shekara ta 1929 ya fara tattara da kuma kaya abubuwa kiyaye a cikin Tunnels.

Catacombe di Bilkisu

Kirista kurkuku tsarin ne mafi m dukan, kuma mafi tsufa na su ne da-tsare catacombs na Bilkisu, wanda ya zama wani real abin mamaki. Suka nuna musamman alamu na zamanin d art: murals da al'amuran hotuna daga cikin Tsoho da Sabon Alkawali, m murals, babban harafin da wanda yake shi ne Makiyayi Mai Kyau - wata alama ce da Yesu Kristi. A manyan janye daga cikin Roman catacombs ne karamin dakin tare da inscriptions a Greek, wanda aka shigar bencina domin jana'izar abinci (Cappella Greca).

Na musamman sha'awa da aka yi da masana kimiyya a II karni mai haske mural, wanda ya siffanta wata mace a wani haske Crimson dress da wani haske shãmaki. Wannan shi ne mafi tsufa image na wani addu'a saint.

Samun a cikin karkashin kasa Maze located a adireshin: Via Salaria, 430, za a iya ƙidaya bas 86 ko 92. Ya kamata sauka a Piazza Crati, kuma bi da ãyõyinMu labeled via Bilkisu. Samun duk cikin kurkuku ne kawai zai yiwu a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani rangadi kungiyar.

Catacombe di San Callisto

Duk da haka, da most Kirista binne dauke catacombs na St. Callistus a Roma, ya bayyana a cikin II karni. Mikewa domin 12 kilomita karkashin Appian hanya, suna wakiltar wani hudu-matakin labyrinth, wanda za a iya kira "birni da matattu" saboda akwai wasu tituna, intersections, kuma ko da sarari. A karkashin kasa galleries, wanda hada makabartun na daban-daban lokaci na lokaci, da kuma archaeologists yanzu aiki, kuma ba duk binne su bude wa baƙi. A ko'ina cikin dogon tarihi a nan muka tarar da karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla na game da 50 shahidai da kuma 16 popes, da ake kira da babban abin tunawa daga cikin catacombs na Kirista makabartun.

A mafi m kabarin, kabarin St. Cecilia (Santa Cecilia), inda daidai kiyaye murals da mosaics. A cikin square da sunan "Little Vatican" ƙarya ya jagoranci Church da kuma Roman Pontiff mai tsarki shahidai.

Karkashin kasa hurumi, wanda aka tsunduma a kãyan Diakon Kallist, ya dauki mafi shahara catacombs na Roma. Yadda za a samu to Catacombe di San Callisto, located a adireshin: Via Appia Antica, 110/126? City bas ƙidaya 118 (mafita bukatar dakatar da wannan sunan) ko 218 (karshen aya daga cikin hanya Fosse Ardeatine) dovezut to tarihi manyan duwãtsu.

Catacombe di San Sebastiano

A mafi m dukan galleries ne a karkashin kasa hudu-matakin catacombs na Saint Sebastian. Located a adireshin: Via Appia Antica, 136, da suka tsira da ya fi muni fiye da wasu. Da zarar a cikin Maze na Majusawa binne su masõyansa, kuma ta karshen II karni necropolis wãyi tsarkake Kirista. Saint Sebastian, wanda ya kalubalanci da Sarkin sarakuna Diocletian, ya rasu a shekara ta 298, da kuma bayan an binne mutanen da ya saura samu ta yanzu sunan baya mara catacombs na Roma.

Yadda za a samu a cikin na musamman Tunnels, wanda da zarar aka gudanar addini tarurruka a cikin kwanaki na tsananta wa Kirista? Za a iya samun su a kan birnin bas ƙidaya 118 da kuma 218, da kuma mafita a tasha dole Cecilia Metella.

M domin yawon bude ido a karkashin kasa hurumi

Yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci karkashin kasa galleries, shigar da cewa yana da wuya a bayyana dukan kewayon motsin zuciyarmu a gaban tombstones sun bayyana mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce.

Ciki yashe farfajiyoyi, wanda shi ne ko da yaushe m, samar da tunani na sananne mutuwa, amma m mazes cewa ci gaba da yawa asirin, har yanzu janyo hankalin maziyarta suka fi son burge. The ruwan tekun Atlantika wayewar catacombs na zamanin d Roma kowane taba m farkon Kirista sau.