Carl Fabergé da Masterpieces. Faberge Easter qwai

"Faberge Kwai" - sunan mai kowa suna. Wannan alama ce alatu, da zarar ta Bolsheviks sayar for gaba da kome, a yau ne shahararre kudi. Private haraji yada kan ikon mallakar daga cikin shahararrun taskõkin miliyoyi.

asalin

Za mu iya cewa Carl Fabergé - mai yin kayan ado hereditary. Mahaifinsa ko da bude a 1842 a St. Petersburg tabbatacciya. Family zo zuwa Rasha daga Estonia, da kuma cikin magabatan sanannen mai yin kayan ado sun Faransa Huguenots da suka gudu zuwa Jamus daga m manufofin Sun King (Louis XIV). Babu wani abu da fice bitar Faberge-tsohonka ya yi ba: a brooches Tiara, kariminci studded da duwatsu masu daraja, a yi amfani da babban bukatar a tsakanin wakilan da arziki m aji, amma kawai kawai.

Gustav kokarin wuya a koyi da su ta farko yaro, don haka Karl Faberge karatu a babbar makarantu a Turai, karatu kayan ado art a Frankfurt, sa'an nan ya koma Rasha da kuma jagoranci iyali kasuwanci shekaru 24. Wasu masu bincike jayayya da cewa shi mai hazaka a cikin kayan ado kasuwanci, wasu yi imani da cewa fice iyawa Karla Gustavovicha ne zalla administrative. Amma manajan yadda za mu ce a yau, shi ne daga Allah.

takeoff

A lokacin da a 1882 ya faru a Moscow Art da masana'antu nuni Faberge m sha'anin kayayyakin ja hankalin na Alexander III da matarsa. Daga wannan lokacin shi ya fara a hayayyafa tare da haɗin gwiwar mai yin kayan ado monarch iyali. Dole ne in ce cewa sarki ya tafi tsada da kayan ado da aka ba wani abu da wani kilogram - tons. Da ake bukata domin gabatar da kyauta a lokacin da kai ziyara da shugabanni na wasu kasashe, da kuma akwai mai kyau elaborately kerarre sets, kayan ado kwalaye, kayan ado da kuma da dama daga abin ƙawar tare da wani iri Faberge.

m zarar tsiwirwirinsu kasa da kasa fitarwa ta lashe nuni a Nuremberg (1885). Mahukunta zaɓi da kayayyakin cewa mimic zinariya kayan ado na Scythians. A wannan shekara ta farko kwai Faberge ga Romanov daular aka sanya.

sarkin sarakuna iyali

Empress yi falala a kansu mai yin kayan ado tun 1884: shi gabatar da wani abin tunawa, depicting zinariya kwandon lu'u-lu'u furannin bi-rana. Maria Feodorovna samu wani kyawawan kananan abu, kuma muna iya cewa godiya ga Carl Faberge bude wani sabon Trend a cikin sha'anin. Tun daga nan, da dama daga fantasy, aiwatuwa a na dutse, da na zinariya, ko kuma kashi zama ya alamar kasuwanci fasalin.

Dole ne in ce cewa sanannen mai yin kayan ado da aka fi nuna godiya ne m gefen batun, kuma ba duk da kayayyakin sun kasance m. A nasa kamfanin ƙera wata iri-iri amfani abubuwa, kamar iyawa ga umbrellas, zobba ko dutse like. A cewar wasu kafofin, da m sanya ko da da jan kayayyakinsa, da kuma kawai azurfa buga Faberge gaske sun shahara a Rasha (da ba kawai).

m gefen

Mai yin kayan ado gabatar da fashion yi amfani da ba kawai da duwatsu masu daraja, da karafa, amma kuma mafi sauki kayan: crystal, da hauren giwa, malachite, Jasper, da dai sauransu. A farko, da ma'aikatan kamfanin ba shi da isasshen tsallakar da ma'aikatan su gudanar da wani dukkan ra'ayoyin cewa na cika da Carl Faberge .. Ayyukan yi oda da Ural Masters. Amma sannu a hankali yawa talented jewelers, sassake da kuma artists ya zama na yau da kullum ma'aikata na sha'anin. Daga cikin su sun kai aji Masters Faberge a yarda musu su sa a kan nasu akayi samfurin.

Aiki ranar ma'aikata ne kawai wani bawa: su yi aiki daga bakwai da safe har goma sha dare, da kuma a kan lahadi - har Karfe daya da rana. Yana da ban mamaki, amma Carl Faberge jin dadin da wuri qarqashinsu daga shi bai bar, ba shirya gasar kamfanonin, ko da yake da yawa da damar. Dole ne in ce cewa albashi biya m shahara mai yin kayan ado, da haihuwa da kuma rashin lafiya ma'aikata kokarinsu na samun kariya ba jefa, ba skimp a kan yabo.

Kamfanin ya na da recognizable style. Wata sifa ta daban-daban karfe enamels, wanda faranta wa ido a kan 120 inuwõyinta suna kusa, kuma da dabara na da ake kira guilloche enamel da kuma ba replicable.

Qwai na sarki tarin

A mafi yadu da aka sani, kuma posthumous daraja ne saboda Karl Faberge Easter qwai, wanda kamfanin samar a kowace shekara domin na sarki iyali. A al'adar sa, a harka. Da sarki ya tambayi mai yin kayan ado yi mamaki kyauta ga ta girman Maria Feodorovna. Faberge da aka bai da 'yancin zabi - don haka akwai na farko kwai na na sarki tarin.

A farko samfurin da aka zinariya kwai fari enamel mai rufi a kan waje. Tu da shi da aka sanya gwaiduwa da kuma canza launin kaza. Ta, bi da bi, ya kuma wani asiri: cikin wani kankanin tsuntsu na sarki kambi da kuma jan yaƙutu kwai, wanda aka baya rasa.

A ra'ayin ba asali: kamar tsarabobi da aka adana a cikin farfado da Turai da dama gidajen tarihi har yanzu (watakila akwai Carl Faberge kuma kusantar da wahayi).

A Empress na kyauta yi farin ciki. Daga wannan lokaci kan Faberge na yi mi a kowace shekara zuwa kotu wani sabon fitacciyar, amma tare da yanayi biyu. Da farko, an kwai tare da wani sirrin da za a iya sanya kawai ga sarauta iyali. Abu na biyu, shi ya zama cikakken asali.

Lokacin da ya zo da kursiyin Nicholas II, wanda ya ci gaba da al'adar, amma yanzu Faberge halitta tsaraba ko biyu: ga mata na monarch da Empress Dowager.

Jingine sarki ban

Shekaru masu yawa daga baya, da ya zama sananne cewa mai yin kayan ado da aka har yanzu bypassed da ban ya Agusta zama majiɓinci, bakwai qwai, sosai kama da gaskensu daga baitulmali na gidan sarki, suka dukiya na matar wani Gold Mining. Abin da shi ya zargi - shahararre arziki Ms. Kelch ko ta idãnu - ba a sani. Bayan su akwai akalla takwas qwai Faberge sanya zaman kansa umarni. Wannan hujja kuma rubuce, shi ne mai kyau cover for zamba.

Domin yi na kowane gidan fitacciyar Karla Faberzhe ciyar kusan shekara. Don ƙirƙirar almara janyo hankalin mafi talented artists, da kuma view of nan gaba kyauta da aka sa a hankali tsare sirri.

A lokacin yi, sarki ya mamaki Faberge ba ke bi riba: a shekaru daban-daban Easter qwai sarki bi da a daban-daban yawa da kuma sanya daga daban-daban, wani lokacin gaba daya m kayan. Saboda haka, a cikin 1916 da monarch samu da karfe kwai dage domin abin da suke hudu harsashi.

The masu kiyaye dukiyar

Suka ce game da 50, 52 da kuma ko 56 kofe, wanda aka kera da Faberge ga fadar iyali, amma ɓangare daga gare su ya rasa. A Bolsheviks zo ikon, ba kawai sata da na sarki taskar, haka kuma sayar da shi ga wani pittance. Mu yanzu sani da whereabouts dukkan 46 daga cikinsu.

A shekarar 2013, a gaske sarauta kyauta ga mutane na St. Petersburg sanya wani Rasha oligarch Maksim Vekselberg. Ya sayi Forbes iyali duniya most tarin Faberge qwai da kuma bude gidan kayan gargajiya, inda 9 daga 15 samfurori iya ganin kowa da kowa. Wani 10 Masterpieces suna daga cikin farfado da gidan makamai, 13 ne a Amurka gidajen tarihi, 2 - a Switzerland da wani 13 warwatse a zaman collections (wasu mallakar Sarauniya na Great Britain).

Wani Faberge Museum bude a Baden-Baden, akwai aka nuna da kwai samar da 1917: daga Birch itace (nufi Dowager Empress) da kuma gilashin-crystal (zuwa Alexandra). Da amincin karshen kiwata wasu shakku, domin wannan aka samu a cikin vaults na mineralogical Museum a Moscow, amma mai shi daga cikin fitacciyar, wani Rasha billionaire Alexander Ivanov, ya ce cewa mai shi na asali shi ne daidai da shi.