Butyl barasa

Butanol - shi ne na gargajiya sunan daya daga cikin monovalent alcohols. Don shi ya shafi din sunan - 1-butanol, kazalika da sauran - n-butanol (al'ada butanol) ko butyl barasa. A wannan primary barasa kwayoyin da hudu carbon atoms, da alaka da juna, da kuma hydroxyl kungiyar ta maye gurbin hydrogen zarra na farko sinadaran dabara C. - C4H9OH, m - CH3 (CH2) 3OH, empirical - C4H10O.

Matauni taro na n-butanol daidai 74,1 g / mole. A al'ada jihar, shi ne wani ruwa da yawa daga 0,81 g / cm³. Narkewa batu C4H9OH - debe 90,2 ° C, ruwan zafin jiki - da 117,4 ° C. A Refractive index na m abu yayi dace 1.399. Autoignites 1-butanol a zazzabi na 345 ° C iya karya a zazzabi na 34 ° C.

Butyl barasa ne mikakke hydrocarbon tsarin a wanda daya hydrogen zarra a cikin matsananci C atoms sauya ta mai hydroxyl kungiyar. Yana yana da uku isomers da ciwon da na din-din-din sunan:

• 2-methyl-1-propanol - branched sarkar hydrocarbon da methyl kungiyar a karo na biyu da kuma hydroxyl kungiyar a farko carbon zarra.
• 2-butanol - mikakke hydrocarbon tsarin da ciwon hydroxyl kungiyar a karo na biyu da carbon zarra.
• 2-methyl-2-propanol - hydrocarbon branched tsarin da methyl da wani hydroxyl kungiyar a karo na biyu da carbon zarra.

Maras muhimmanci sunayen na wadannan guda abubuwa a cikin wannan jerin: iso-butanol (barasa isobutyl), sec-butanol da tert-butanol.

Kwayoyin butanol isomers bambanta a tsarin, duk da haka, duk hudu abubuwa tare da general dabara C4H9OH da daban-daban narkewa maki, ruwan aya da sauran halaye. Saboda haka, misali, butyl da isobutyl alcohols sun iyakance solubility, alhãli kuwa da biyu sauran isomers ne gaba daya miscible da ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin tsarin da duk alcohols (CnH2n + 1OH) da hydroxyl kungiyar ne da shafi cikin polarity, wanda na taimaka wa kara ruwa solubility. A lokaci guda girma na carbon atoms a cikin kwayoyin dagula wannan tsari. Idan primary alcohols kamar methanol, ethanol da propanol ne gaba daya miscible da ruwa, sa'an nan n-butanol - moderately.

Tert-butyl barasa (in ba haka ba 2-methyl-2-propanol ko tert-butanol) - shi ne mafi sauki manyan barasa. Shi ne bayyananne ruwa (ko colorless m). Wannan barasa ne sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa, gauraye da diethyl ether da ethanol. Shi ne na musamman a cikin isomers na butanol, domin shi za a iya warke a dakin da zazzabi da kuma narke a yanayin zafi dan kadan sama 25 ° C. Tert-butanol ne byproduct a samar da isobutane da propylene oxide. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi za a iya samu ta hanyar catalytic hydration na isobutylene.

Kamar sauran alcohols, butyl barasa ne cutarwa abu. Duk da haka, shi nuna wani low matakin na yawan guba a dakin gwaje-gwaje da dabbobi, saboda haka da dangantaka da isasshe lafiya da kuma abubuwa amfani da kayan shafawa. Duk da haka, da samun da shi ta hanyar da fata a cikin jikin mutum zai iya sa ta tsakiya m tsarin ciki. barasa Contact tare da idanu sa mai tsanani hangula ga su, da samun da shi a kan fata - a matsakaici. A mafi yawan lokuta, butanol ne hanzari metabolized zuwa carbon dioxide. A farko hatsarin ya auku a sakamakon shafe tsawon daukan hotuna zuwa tururi. Mai tsananin guba iya ci gaba ciki na tsakiya m tsarin da zai iya haifar da ko da mutuwa.

Kalmar "fasaha barasa" sau da yawa amfani da ethanol, amma kuma za a iya dangana zuwa wasu ruhohi. Alal misali, lokacin da butanol aka dauke a matsayin bangaren da mota man fetur. Yana aiki da hakan ya dace fiye da ethanol, a matsayin makamashi da cewa an generated da konewa daga cikin wannan adadin man fetur a C4H9OH fi C2H5OH. Butanol iya amfani da a matsayin ƙari to da man dizal, game da shi, rage toka abun ciki a cikin shaye gas.

Butyl barasa ne, yafi amfani a matsayin sauran ƙarfi, ko karin kayayyakin don sinadaran kira, kazalika da man fetur. Kamar yadda sauran ƙarfi amfani a cikin yadi da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. Shi ne kuma wani bangare ne na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da kuma birki ruwaye, ko shi ne, duk da ya giya ƙanshi, da dalilin da turare.