Boyar Morozova - wani almara adadi. A rayuwa labarin na boyar Morozova

Boyar Morozova ne daya daga cikin sanannun Rasha mutane da suka bar su da alãmarsu, a tarihin jihar. Wannan mace da aka misalta a m, kuma m, yana da wani real jirgin saman soja domin akida, da kuma akida. Shan Boyarynya shubuha, ga wani yana bayyana m, a shirye su je mutuwa, amma ba za daina imaninsu, a cikin wasu shi ne wani al'amari na girmamawa da kuma biyayya da ta juriya soma bangaskiya. Duk abin da ya, amma shi ne - mai almara adadi, da kuma godiya ga zanen Surikov tuna labarai Morozova zai kasance har ma fiye da daya tsara.

Origin Boyarina Morozova

Prokopievna Theodosius aka haife May 21, 1632, a birnin Moscow, mahaifinta - Sokovnin Procopius Fedorovich - wani courtier, aka dangi na farko da matar na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Mariey Ilinichnoy. Future noblewoman yana daga cikin fadawan sarki da suka taho tare da sarauniya. A shekaru 17 na Theodosius aure Morozova Gleba Ivanovicha. Mijinta ya da wani wakilin mai daraja iyali, da ke cikin zumunta tare da iyali na Romanovs, kusa da Moscow, ya yi wani gidan qasaita Zyuzin, lissafta kawun Prince kuma yi aiki a matsayin sarki barci jakar. Brother Gleb, Boris, da arziki ƙwarai. Ya mutu a cikin 1662, kazalika da zuriya ya taba samu, duk shige da dangi.

Dũkiya da tasiri Boyarina

Bayan rasuwar Gleb Ivanovich jihar, 'yan'uwa zama qananan Ivan Glebovich dan Gleb, kuma Theodosius, da kuma ainihin manajan daga dũkiya zama mahaifiyarsa. A rayuwa labarin na boyar Morozova ne sosai ban sha'awa, domin wannan mace da nasu ra'ayoyi kan rayuwa. Theodosius Prokopievna ranked Boyarina doki, yana da wani babban tasiri, ya kusa da sarki. Its dũkiya iya kawai hãsadar: noblewoman da dama kadarori, amma ta zauna a kauyen Zyuzin, wanda kafa your gida a yammacin model. A wannan lokaci shi ne mafi gidan qasaita.

Boyar Morozova bada kwatance guda takwas (!) Dubban serfs, kawai a gidanta akwai game da 300 ma'aikata. A Feodosiya ya mai kaifin baki kocin, da kuma ado da azurfa mosaics, ta sau da yawa ke tafiya, harnessed wa ma'aikatan shida, ko goma sha biyu dawakai da rattling sarƙoƙi. A lokacin boyarynya tafiye-tafiye tare da game da 100 bayi mata da maza, kare shi daga hare-hare. Morozov a kwanakin da aka dauke kusan arziki mutumin a Moscow.

A proponent Tsohon mu'mini addini

Boyar Morozova ya mabiyin goyon bayan tsohon bangaskiya. Ta kasance ko da yaushe tausaya wa talakawa da kuma masu tsarki wawa, Ka ba su sadaka. Bugu da kari, a cikin ta gidan sau da yawa ya tara mabiya Old bi su yi addu'a a kusa da zamanin d canons a Old mũminai, gumaka. The mace da kusa lamba tare da Avvakum, wani apologist ga tsohon addini, ba su sani ba, sake fasalin na sarki Nikon.

Ta sa wani gashi shirt, cewa kamar haka "hora da naman jiki." Amma duk da haka Habakkuk ya m Morozova, ya bukaci ta zuwa Gouge daga idanunsa, kamar yadda Mastridiya ka kare kanka daga cikin jarabobi na soyayya. Har ila yau, firist tsawata boyarynya a kananan sadaka, saboda a lokacin da ta yanayin ta iya yin abubuwa da yawa da kyau domin da yawa fiye da mutane cikin bukata. Bugu da ƙari, Theodosius, ko da yake, da kuma gaskiya ne ga tsohon addini, ziyarci coci na sabon yanka, wanda ya sa ta zuwa mistrust a kan wani ɓangare na Conservatives.

fitina Morozova

Sarkin san game da imani Boyarina doki, da kuma irin wannan halayya ya bai son shi. Theodosius kauce masa coci da kuma zamantakewa events, ta ba su ma halarci bikin aure na Alexei Mikhailovich, ya ce ya yi matukar rashin lafiya. The sarki a kowane hanya kokarin tasiri mai girman kai, boyarynya, ka aika zuwa ga wani nufi ga mata da danginta sun shawarci mace da kuma rinjayi ya dauko wani sabon addini, amma shi ne duk a banza: Morozova tsaye a kansa. 'Yan sani kamar yadda kira Boyar Morozova bayan alkawuransu a Old Muminai. Mace asirce dauki shi kuma samu wani sabon sunan - Theodore, da gaskatashi, ta yanayi da ya saura na gaskiya zuwa ga haihuwa da bangaskiya.

Sarauniyar Maria Ilinichna dogon pent-up fushi da sarki, da babban matsayi na Boyarina ba a yarda a nan sai kawai ya hukunta ta, amma haƙuri Alexei Mikhailovich zo ga ƙarshe. A yamma, 16 Nuwamba, 1671 zuwa Morozova, Archimandrite Joachim zo tare da magatakarda na majalisar Hilarion. A gidan shi ne, kuma 'yar'uwar Princess Boyarina Urusova. Don nuna reni ga baƙi, Theodosius da Eudocia tafi ya kwanta, da kuma kwance amsa tambayoyin zo. Bayan tambayar mata mari da kuma bar karkashin gidan kama. Bayan kwana biyu, Morozov aka hawa na farko a cikin Ayyukan al'ajibai, sa'an nan a cikin Pskov-kogwanni sufi.

Bayan kurkuku Boyarina mutu daga ta kawai ɗa, Ivan, biyu kõre da 'yan'uwansa, da dukan dukiyar da aka canjawa wuri zuwa baitulmali na gidan sarki. Morozov aka hankali tsaro, amma ta samu daga m mata mutane tufafi da abinci, firist Habakkuk rubuta ta haruffa, kuma daya daga cikin firistocin da haihuwa addini tarayya ga matalauta mace.

Sarkin azabtar da

Boyar Morozova, Princess Urusova da kuma Maria Danilova (matar Kanar musketeers) a karshen 1674 aka canjawa wuri zuwa Yamskoy yadi. Azabtarwa a kan tara na mata kokarin shawo yarda da sabon addini da kuma zuwa rabuwa da suka gaskata, amma sun kasance mãsu haƙuri. Sun kasance game da su don ƙona a kan gungumen azaba, amma wannan sabo hana Princess Irina, sarki da 'yar'uwa, da Patroness na boyars. Alexei Mikhailovich umurce Evdokia da 'yan'uwanku mãtã, kuma Theodosius gudun hijira a Pafnutyevo-Borovsky sufi da kuma kurkuku a kasko cike kurkuku.

mutuwa Boyarina

A Yuni 1675 14 Boyarina bayin da aka ƙone a cikin katako gidan, tana goyon bayan tsohon bangaskiya. Satumba 11, 1675 mutu daga yunwa Princess Urusova Morozova ma ya hango ya zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. Jim kadan kafin ta mutuwa ta tambayi masu gadi su wanke shirt a cikin kogin don mutu a tsabta tufafi. Daga cikakken ci Theodosius ya mutu a kan Nuwamba 2, 1675.

The jigo na zanen Surikov

A 1887, bayan da 15th tafiya nuni da Tretyakov Gallery, aikin mai artist na baiwa "Boyar Morozova" da aka saya don 25 dubu rubles. Zanen Surikov wakiltar zane size 304h587,5 cm, shi aka rubuta tare da man fetur. A yau shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a galleries na farfado. hoto daga nesa janyo hankalin hankalin masu kallo, mesmerizing haske launuka, Tsayayyar images da na sarari karfi. Vasili dauki matsayin dalilin da taken na coci sãɓãni kawai sabõda XVII karni. A fenta so don nuna da wuya rayuwa da kuma zurfin bangaskiya cikin Rasha mutane. Ya ya iya kai da bala'i na halin da ake ciki: babban harafin da aka ƙasƙanci, murƙushe amma ba a karya,. Morozov yana wanzuwa ga mutuwa, amma har yanzu bayyana a cikin nasara hanya.

Surikov sha'awa a cikin rabo na Boyarina

Biography Boyarina Morozova sha'awar Vasily Ivanovich, domin dalilin cewa shi da asali daga Siberia, kuma a gaskiya wannan yankin ne sananne ga wata babbar dama Old Muminai. Siberians da tabbatacce hali zuwa haihuwa bangaskiya, domin a cikin wannan yankin suna yadu amfani handwritten "rayuka", wanda yake na Old mu'mini shahidi suka sha wahala a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin wakilan da sabuwar bangaskiyata ba. A cewar wasu kafofin, tare da "Tale of Boyar Morozova" Surikov gabatar da godmother. A fili, da artist aka sha'awar da ƙarfin nufin Boyarina, don haka na yanke shawarar tayar da memory na da shi, a kan wata babbar zane depicting episode inda Morozov dauka zuwa kurkuku.

Hotunan na leoyan a cikin hoto

A lokacin da kallon zane a farkon kama da ido da tsakiyar hali - Boyarynya Morozova. Description na hoto ya nuna cewa artist lokaci mai tsawo da za a yi niyya tare da hoto almara, ya fentin su dabam sa'an nan suka taru. Avvakum Theodosius aka bayyana a matsayin na bakin ciki mace da shifty, walƙiya-sauri kallo, kuma Surikov ba zai iya samun irin wannan mutum - a masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, da ba'a zubda jini, tikis amma girman kai, kuma unbending. A ƙarshe, ya sketched da Morozov staroobryadki cewa hadu Vasily Ivanovich kusa Rogozhskoe hurumi.

Moscow matalauta ciniki cucumbers, ya zama samfur na mai tsarki wawa ne, amma hoton na baƙo - shi ne marubucin kansa. "Boyar Morozova" - wani zanen arziki "launi bututun sauti." Surikov dora muhimmanci ga inuwõyinta suna kusa, yin haka da cewa su ze halitta. Fenta kallo da snow na dogon lokaci, kamawa duk ta modulations, kallonsa a matsayin sanyi iska rinjayar da kama. Wannan ne kuma ya sa haruffa ze rai. Don bayar da fim mai ma'ana na motsi, Surikov pririsoval ga sledge guje yaro.

Ƙimar na aikin artist

Tarihi na zanen "Boyar Morozova" sosai sabon abu, idan kawai saboda wannan aiki ya sa rigima da kuma high-profile rigingimu sukar a lokacin da wani tafiya nuni. Wasu son aiki Surikov, wani - babu, amma duk sun amince da cewa halittar shi ne mai nasara. Wasu masu sukar idan aka kwatanta da zane da wani m Persian kafet, saboda haske launuka da kuma ryabili idanu, da malamai tattauna daban-daban flaws na hoto, kamar da ba daidai ba matsayi na hannuwa da sauransu. D. Amma har yanzu, da shahararrun da m zargi na da wani cikakken binciken da adadi kamata sun kasance shigar - shi ne da gaske a fitacciyar.

Kafin Vasily Surikov babu wani daga cikin artists don haka a fili da kuma nuna rashin bambanci ba su dace mutane na pre-Petrine zamanin. A tsakiyar zane - kodadde, tikis shafi tunanin mutum baƙin ciki, famished daga dogon azumi mace, zaunar a kusa da ita m, m mutane a Jawo dasu ba, Torlopov, telogreyah. A taron raba biyu sassa, daya tausaya Boyarynya, da sauran - sa fun ta masĩfa. Surikov gudanar ya rayar da su haruffa. A viewer, a tsaye kusa da masana'anta ji da kuma yadda taron zai iya canjawa wuri a lokacin da 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce.

Vasily realistically wanda aka nuna abubuwan da ya faru a Rasha tarihi. Aikinsa ya jagoranci mutane ba kawai su koyi game da makomar boyar Morozova, amma kuma ya yi tunani a kan ta ayyuka. Wani tsinkayen da shi a matsayin m, wani bata sha'awa ta inflexibility da kuma riko da ka'idodinta. A lokacin wani bayyanar hoton mutane idan aka kwatanta da heroine na Populists da Stenka Razin. Ya ce kawai cewa "Boyar Morozova" ne, a kowane zamani, akwai ko da yaushe mutane, cikãwa da yarda dasu.