Basic Formula kwayoyin Physics

Kwayoyin Physics - wani m reshe na kimiyyar lissafi da cewa karatu da tsarin kwayoyin halitta a matakin kwayoyin, canza macroscopic sigogi na tsarin ƙarƙashin rinjayar da waje yanayi, lokaci a mulki. A Properties na polymers da jini kuma ya duba kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi. Dabarbari da ma'anar wannan sashe, wanda zai zama da amfani a warware matsalolin gabatar a wannan labarin.

Basic Concepts sashe

Kwayar Komayya - da karami naúrar na wani abu da yana da duk da kaddarorin.

An manufa gas - gas ga wanda ƙarfi daga cikin intermolecular hulda ne sifili, da kwayoyin da aka dauke a matsayin abu ma'ana, kuma naushe therebetween cikakken na roba. Mutane da yawa dabarbari na kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi amfani da shi dangane da wani manufa gas.

Energy - mai yawa wanda characterizes da ikon da wani tsarin yin aiki.

Aiki - da adadin kuzari canjawa wuri zuwa ga tsarin ta hanyar wani canji na sigogi.

Sauran matsalolin a wannan sashe: zazzabi, ciki makamashi, m makamashi, yadawa, thermal watsin, adadin abu, da takamaiman zafi, danshin, sandaro, crystallization, cikakken tururi.

asali dabara

Formula kwayoyin Physics kafa sadarwa tsakanin daban-daban tsarin sigogi. Babban dabarbari na wannan sashe yana nufin Clapeyron lissafi, wanda ya bayyana Jihar manufa gas dokokin Boyle, Charles da kuma Gay-Lussac.

Clapeyron lissafi aka rubuta kamar haka:

PV = nRT

Ga p - matsa lamba, n - adadin abu a moles, R - duniya gas akai, T - zafin jiki a Kelvin, V - ƙarar shagaltar da ta gas.

Daga wannan dabara kwayoyin Physics via sauki rikirkida ake samu da kuma sauran dokoki jihar:

PV = const (halitta na Boyle ta dokar, wanda aka yi amfani da su wani isothermal tsari).

V / T = const (na farko dokar Gay-Lussac, wanda ya shafi isobaric tsari).

p / T = const (Charles dokar, shafi isochoric tsari).

Sauran muhimmanci dabarbari na kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi:

n = m / M = N / Na (da dabara domin gano adadin abu).

p = nkT.

A wannan dabara, n - taro, k - m Boltzmann m.

E = (3NkT) / 2 (da dabara domin gano da thermal makamashi).

p = p ₁ + p ₂ + ... + p _i (dabara domin kayyade matsa lamba na cakuda gas, da aka sani da dokar Dalton).

A dabarbari Thermodynamics da ilimin kididdiga kimiyyar lissafi

Ilimin kididdiga kimiyyar lissafi ne kuma sashe na kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu dabarbari kwayoyin kimiyyar lissafi a yi amfani da ilimin kididdiga kimiyyar lissafi da kuma thermodynamic da aka bã a sama.

Q = mc (t ₂ -t ₁₎

Q = A + (U2-U ₁₎ (U _i - ciki makamashi)

dh = TdS + Vdp

Ga H - enthalpy.

G - Gibbs makamashi, ko thermodynamic m.

V = DG / DP

S = -dG / dt (S - entropy darajar shiga Clausius, yiwuwar samun awo).