Ƙirgar da kuma wadanda ba mikakke model na sadarwa

Kafin ka zaɓi asali model na sadarwa, shi wajibi ne su fahimci cewa, a gaskiya, shi ne sadarwa. Akwai da dama ma'anar wannan tsari, kowanne daga abin da a ko ta wani hanya characterizes shi. A mafi janar sharuddan, sadarwa, ana kiransa musayar bayanai tsakanin mutane (kuma ba kawai) ta amfani da al'ada da kuma m da ãyõyinMu, kuma alamomin. G.Gerbner ayyana shi a matsayin wani zaman tsari na hulda ta hanyar saƙonni, A.P.Panfilova sadarwa aiwatar kira na musamman musayar bayanai, a cikin shakka daga abin da membobinta canjawa wuri ta da wani tunanin da kuma ilimi da abun ciki. Daban-daban definition samarwa I.A.Richards kiran sadarwa sabon abu a cikin abin da sani daga cikin mutum ayyukan a kan tuna da wani, don haka da cewa shi ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani kwarewa kama da nasa.

Sadarwa a matsayin hulda ake bukata dogara ne a kan wani takamaiman tsari ko model. Nuna rubutu da model na sadarwa, shi wajibi ne, na farko, ya ambaci ya zama wani littafi model «5W» American bincike G.Lassuella. Ya kunshi biyar da aka gyara:

1) da tushen bayanai (wanda ya ce);

2) da abun ciki na bayanai (cewa ya ce);

3) da hanyar da bayanai musayar (harshe, lambobin, tashoshi).

4) User bayanai tura ma (wanda shi ne daukar kwayar cutar).

5) A karshe sakamakon sadarwa (da karshe sakamako daga cikin bayanai samu).

Irin wannan sadarwa model an kira mikakke kuma halin da daya-pointedness, da tasiri kai tsaye a kan mai karɓa, wanda ya bayyana a nan kawai a matsayin tushen bayani a cikin wani hanya amsa kiran da shi. Sau da yawa irin wannan model an soki ga cewa su ne directed a daya shugabanci kawai, kuma ba ya la'akari da muhimmanci sosai bangaren - matuƙar burin na aiwatar da ake bukata a cikin bincike na ingancinta. Ƙirgar sadarwa model ma shawara Dzh.Gerbner, U.Shramm, R.O.Yakobson, K.Shennon da sauran masu bincike.

Tsaye da kuma na biyu kungiyar sadarwar alamu. Yana hada da ba mikakke model na sadarwa: m, filin, m, da dai sauransu Fice Rasha masanin kimiyya da philologist Bakhtin da shawarar da ra'ayin wani dialogic model na sadarwa, wanda dogara ne a kan biyu da muhimmanci ga fahimtar aiwatar da wannan hakan ba.

Da fari dai, Bakhtin ya nuna cewa, mai da muhimmanci sosai da kuma gagarumin bangaren na wani mũnãna ne ta niyya, m magani ga kowa, cewa shi ne, da gaban da saurarõnsu, ba tare da wanda akwai ba zai iya zama mai magana.

Abu na biyu, da wani bayani baiwa da hankali kawai a wani mahallin a wani lokaci da kuma wuri. A wasu kalmomin, da code kalmar a matsayin wata ãyã ta kanta ba ya nufin wani abu da kuma kawai ke sa hankali a cikin rubutu, wani karanta, tare da kowane sabon karatu Halicci sabon ma'anar kalmar. Kowane sabon karanta ko sauraron samar da naka rubutu.

Non-mikakke m model na sadarwa suna tambayar da Kalmar "watsa bayanai" da kanta. Chilean bincike U.Maturana yi imanin cewa, wannan lokaci ne kawai tana nufin tashi a cikin shakka daga hadin gwiwa sadarwa ne fiye ko žasa da irin wannan fahimtar wani abu da na uku, in ba haka ba, shi ne, ba abin da suke yi a cikin zuciya, kowane daga cikin mahalarta a cikin tsari.

Gestalt therapists lokacin da akayi tare da haƙuri da fahimta da ya labarin ne filin ra'ayi. Shi ne wani bango cewa ya ɓõye da tambaya daga mãsu haƙuri fuskantar ilimin, su dangane da juna kamar yadda 'yan sadarwa interactions, kazalika da related to jawabin furta daga mahangar sirri renon kowane. Wannan bango ne na wani general, tsaka tsaki. Yana taimaka wajen kauce wa kuskure a cikin hulda da kuma cimma da ake so sakamakon a wani warkewa aiki, duk da daban-daban mahalarta a cikin kayadadden kwarewa da interpersonal sadarwa.

Model na taro sadarwa suna kuma zuwa kashi mikakke kuma m. Bambance-bambance ne kiyaye a cikin na asali sigogi na sadarwa tsari. Saboda haka, idan kafofin na interpersonal sadarwa ne iyali, makwabta da abokai a kafofin watsa labarai - cikkaken zamantakewa cibiyoyin. Interpersonal sadarwa ne fuska da fuska, da kuma taro - via daban-daban fasaha tashoshi, a cikinsa a m nisa. A karshe, a interpersonal sadarwa za a iya lura kai tsaye sadarwa kai tsaye tsakanin mahalarta, da kuma ganin wani live mayar da martani ga shi, da kuma irin wannan dangantaka shi ne ba kai tsaye, kaikaitaccen ko jinkiri a taro sadarwa.