Menene auna radiation? ionizing radiation

A ra'ayi na "radiation" ne matabbata a cikin zukatanmu a matsayin sosai korau kuma m sabon abu. Duk da haka, mutane ci gaba da yin amfani da shi ga nasu dalilai. Abin da shi ne a gaskiya? Menene auna radiation? Yadda shi rinjayar da rai gabar?

Radiation da Radioactivity

Latin kalma radiation radiation fassara a matsayin "haske", "fitilu", da kuma ajali haka wakiltar makamashi watsi tsari. Energy farfagandar a sarari a cikin nau'i na kõguna na barbashi da kuma tãguwar ruwa.

Akwai daban-daban iri radiation - yana iya zama thermal (infrared) haske, ultraviolet, ionizing. A karshe ne mai hatsari da kuma cutarwa, a nan kuma sun hada da alpha, beta, gamma, neutron da X-haskoki. Shi ne da ba ya ganuwa microscopic barbashi iya ionizing da abu.

Radiation ba ya zo da kansa, shi ne kafa ta abubuwa ko abubuwa tare da wasu kaddarorin. A nuclei na kwayoyin halitta na wadannan kayan ne m, a su lalace fara haskaka makamashi. Da ikon daga cikin abubuwa da kuma batutuwa zuwa ionizing (radioactivity) radiation kira radioactivity.

rediyoaktif kafofin

Sabanin ra'ayin cewa radiation - yana da kawai nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke da kuma bama-bamai, ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai iri biyu na da shi: da na halitta da kuma wucin gadi. Na farko shi ne yanzu kusan ko'ina. A sarari shi iya emit taurari kamar mu rana.

A duniya, radioactivity da ruwa, ƙasa, yashi, amma radiation kashi a cikin wannan yanayin ne ba ma manyan. Wadannan za su iya Range daga 5 zuwa 25 micro roentgens awa. Ability don radiation da ya mallaka duniya kanta. Ta hanjinsu sun dauki wani jam'i na rediyoaktif abu, msl, ci ko uranium. Wadannan Properties da ko da tubalin.

Artificial radiation mutane samu kawai a cikin XX karni. Man da ya koya da aiki a kan core abubuwa m, don samar da makamashi a gaggauta motsi na cajin barbashi. A sakamakon haka, irin wannan karfe radiation source, makamashin nukiliya da kuma makaman nukiliya, kayayyakin aiki, don bincike da kuma sterilizing kayayyakin.

Menene auna radiation?

Watsi radiation yana tare da daban-daban matakai, duk da haka, akwai da dama raka'a cewa faye hali mataki na ionizing igiyoyin da kuma tãguwar ruwa. Names of abin da aka auna da radiation, sukan hade da sunayen da masana kimiyya suka yi nazari da ita. Saboda haka, akwai becquerel, curie, rataye-rataye, da X-haskoki. Ga wani haƙiƙa kima na radiation auna Properties na rediyoaktif kayan :

A tasiri na radioactivity a kan maras rai nama ne auna kamar haka:

radiation effects a kan halittu:

Human daukan hotuna

Radiation radiation zai iya sa irreparable nazarin halittu canje-canje a cikin jiki. Lafiya barbashi - ions iya shiga cikin rai nama iya karya shaidu tsakanin kwayoyin. Hakika, da sakamako dogara a kan radiation kashi samu. Halitta bango radiation ba m da rai, kuma ba za ka iya rabu da shi.

Radiation effects a kan mutane ne ake kira sakawa a iska mai guba. Yana iya zama somatic (jiki) da kuma kwayoyin. Somatic radiation effects aka bayyana a cikin nau'i na daban-daban cututtuka: marurai, leukemias, cuta na gabobin. Babban bayyanuwar mai radiation cuta mai sãɓãwar launukansa a tsanani.

Halitta effects na radiation suna bayyana a take hakkin hadi jikinsu ko shafan da kiwon lafiya na nan gaba. Daya daga cikin manifestations na kayyade sakamako na maye gurbi.

A iya shiga ikon da radiation

Abin baƙin ciki, mutane na da damar don gano abin da yana da karfi na radiation. Hatsarori da cewa ya faru a Ukraine da kuma Japan, da tasiri a kan rayuwar mutane da yawa. Kafin nuclear da kuma Fukushima rinjaye na duniya ba tsammani game da radiation inji na aikin da sauki matakan tsaro.

Ionizing radiation ne barbashi ko wani rafi da photons, shi yana da dama iri, kowanne daga abin da ta iya shiga ikon. A mafi raunin ne alpha haskoki ko barbashi. Shãmaki har ma da fata ne na bakin ciki da tufafi a gare su. A hatsari zo a tsaye lamba tare da huhu ko narkewa kamar fili.

A beta barbashi ne electrons, su jinkiri bakin ciki gilashi, katako, kayan. X-haskoki da gamma-haskoki shiga abubuwa da yadudduka ne mafi alhẽri. Za su iya rike wani gubar farantin, a mita m, ko da dama dubun mita kankare. Neutron radiation faruwa a lokacin wucin gadi ayyukan a lokacin nukiliya dauki.

Don kare shi daga yin amfani da kayayyakin dauke da hydrogen, beryllium, graphite, ruwa da ake amfani, polyethylene kakin zuma.

ƙarshe

A wani m ji, radiation - radiation ne mai tsari da cewa ya zo daga duk wani jiki. Yawanci wannan lokaci da ake amfani a ji shi ne ionizing radiation - jera na farko barbashi cewa zai iya shafar abubuwa da kwayoyin. A sakamakon radiation iya zama daban-daban, shi duka dogara a kan kashi.

Tare da na halitta radiation mun haɗu kowace rana, domin shi ne duk kewaye da mu. Its adadin ne yawanci kananan. Artificial radiation iya zama masu hatsarin gaske, kuma sakamakon da shi tsanani.