Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar Tolstoy. Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich

Graf da Academician na Tarayyar Soviet Aleksey Tolstoy Nikolayevich wani musamman talented da kuma m marubuci, wanda ya rubuta a cikin da yawa daban-daban nau'o'i da kuma kwatance. A cikin arsenal na biyu collections waqe-waqe, tatsuniyoyi magani labari, babban adadin kwaikwaiyo, aikin jarida da sauran articles. Amma sama da dukan, ya - mai girma marubuci, kuma a master of m labaru. Dã Ya sãka musu da Tarayyar Soviet Jihar Prize (a 1941, 1943 da kuma posthumously a 1946). Literary biography ƙunshi wasu ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar Tolstoy. Game da su, kuma za a tattauna kara.

Tolstoy: Rayuwa da Aikin

Disamba 29, 1882 (Old Janairu 10th, 1883) a Nikolaevsk (Pugachev) Saratov yankin da aka haife Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich. Lokacin da uwarsa tana da juna biyu, ta bar mijinta N. A. Tolstogo da koma ya zauna tare da Zemsky ma'aikaci A. A. Bostroma.

Alyosha da yara ciyar a Estate ya uban rana a kauyen Sosnovka Samara lardin. Da shi shi ne mafi farin ciki shekaru domin yaro wanda ya girma sosai karfi da kuma hedonistic. Sa'an nan Tolstoy gama da St. Petersburg Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha, diploma amma ba ta kare (1907).

Daga 1905 zuwa 1908 sai ya fara buga waqoqi da kuma litattafan. Fame ga marubuci ya zo ne bayan da labaru da kuma litattafan "Zavolzhye" zagayowar (1909-1911 gg.), "Jackass" litattafan (1911) da kuma "The gurgu mutum" (1912). A nan sai ya bayyana anecdotal da kuma sabon abu da ya faru da cewa ya faru tare da eccentric gidan haya ƙasarsa Samara lardin.

A farko Duniya

Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar Tolstoy da aka ce cewa a cikin farko Duniya, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yaki wakilinmu. Kuma a sa'an nan ya yi matukar m game da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. Marubuci yayin da suke zaune a Moscow. A lokacin da gurguzu juyin juya hali, da wucin gwamnatin nada Tolstoy Kwamishinan buga rajista. Daga 1917 zuwa 1918, duka m aiki apolitical marubuci nuna da ciki da kuma damuwa.

Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, daga shekarar 1918 zuwa shekarar 1923, da rayuwar Aleksey Tolstoy wuce a cikin zaman talala. A shekarar 1918, ya tafi zuwa Ukraine a wallafe-wallafen yawon shakatawa, da kuma a 1919 aka kwashe daga Odessa to Istanbul.

ƙaura

Komowa zuwa taken "Tolstoy: rai da kuma aiki", ya kamata a lura da cewa kamar wata shekara ya rayu a Paris, sa'an nan a 1921 ya koma Berlin, inda ya fara kafa haihuwa dangantaka tare da marubuta da suka ragu a Rasha. A sakamakon haka, ba kama a kasashen waje a lokacin da na New Tattalin Policy (1923), ya koma da baya don mahaifarsa. Ransa kasashen waje ta haifa 'ya'yan, da kuma ga hasken da ya autobiographical aiki "Yara Nikita," "The Road to akan" (1920-1922 gg.) - na farko edition (1921), ta hanyar, a 1922, ya sanar da cewa shi za a yi wani trilogy. A tsawon lokaci, da anti-Bolshevik layi na labari da aka gyara, da marubuci yana karkata zuwa ga canza su aiki, sau da yawa shakka zuma sandunan saboda da siyasa halin da ake ciki na Tarayyar Soviet. A marubuci taba manta game da su "zunubai" - daraja asalin da kuma shige da fice, amma ya san cewa mai fadi da kewayon masu karatu ya bayyana kawai a yanzu, a cikin Soviet zamanin.

New m lokaci

A isowa a Rasha labari "Aelita" da aka buga (1922-1923 gg.), The sci-fi salo. Yana gaya yadda da Red Army soja shirya juyin juya halin a duniyar Mars, amma abubuwa ba su tafi ba kamar yadda fatan. A kadan daga baya ya zo na biyu labari na wannan salo, "The hyperboloid na Engineer Garin" (1925-1926 gg.), Wanne marubucin reworked sau da yawa. A shekara ta 1925, akwai wani dama labarin, "Union of biyar." Tolstoy, ta hanyar, a cikin wadanda ya almarar kimiyya annabta da yawa fasaha abubuwan al'ajabi, kamar sarari jirgin, sarari kama kuri'u, Laser, "birki laima", da rabo daga cikin atomic tsakiya, da sauransu. D.

Daga 1924 zuwa 1925 Tolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich labari Halicci satirical Genre, "The Kasadar Nevzorov, ko Ibikus" inda kasada mai kasada da aka bayyana. Tabbatacce ne daga wannan hanya na Ostap Bender aka haife shi a Ilf da Petrov.

Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar Tolstoy

Tuni a 1937, Tolstoy rubuta wani labara kan jiha domin na Stalin "Gurasa", inda a cikin shakka daga events iya gani da fice rawar da shugaban na proletariat da Voroshilov.

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau labaru na yara a duniya adabi ya labarin A. N. Tolstogo, "The Golden Key, ko Kasadar Pinocchio" (1935). Marubuci sosai da sosai reworked hikaya "Pinocchio" ta Italian marubuci Carlo Collodi.

A lokacin daga 1930 zuwa 1934, Tolstoy halitta biyu littattafai game da Bitrus da lokaci. A nan marubuci ya ba da kima na zamanin da na sarki garambawul ra'ayi. Ya uku littafin, "Peter", da ya rubuta, a lõkacin da ya terminally rashin lafiya.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War Alexey rubuta da dab'I da yawa da labaru. Daga cikinsu akwai "Rasha harafin", "Ivan Grozny" da sauransu. D.

saba wa juna

A ainihi daga cikin marubuci Alekseya Tolstogo wajen sabanin yadda, bisa manufa, da kuma aikinsa. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi ne na biyu mafi girma bayan da marubuci Maksima Gorkogo. Tolstoy wata alama ce da yadda hakikanin Soviet kishin kasa sun mutane daga cikin mafi tsada. Ya musamman taba koka game da bukatar da ko da yaushe ya rayu kamar mutum, saboda shi ya taba tsaya aiki a kan bugun tafireta, kuma ya kasance ko da yaushe a bukatar.

Ban sha'awa facts na Tolstoy ta rayuwa hada da cewa zai iya yi jidali domin tunkuɗe wadanda aka kama ko tozarta saba, amma zai iya, kuma Ya jin kunya daga wancan. Ya aka yi aure sau hudu. NV Krandievskaya, daya daga cikin matansa, a wasu hanya aiki a matsayin wani samfur na heroines da labari "The Road to akan".

Bakan'ane

Alexei kaunace rubuta a cikin wani mai idon basira hanya tare da gaskiya facts, amma kuma da kyau halitta ne da tatsuniyoyi. Ƙaunace shi, ya kasance da rai na kowane al'umma, amma akwai wadanda suka nuna suna yamar da marubuci. Wadannan hada Anna Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Osip Mandelstam (na karshe Tolstoy ko samu wani mara).

Alexei Tolstoy ya na ainihi kasa Rasha marubuci, Bakan'ane, da dattaku, ya sau da yawa rubuta zuwa kasashen waje abu da kuma shi da cikakken ba ya so ya koya waje harsuna ga mafi ma'ana da ƙasarsa ta Rasha harshe.

Bayan rasuwar Gorky daga 1936 zuwa 1938 ya shugabanci kungiyar Soviet Writers. Bayan yaki, ya kasance wani memba na hukumar ta gudanar da bincike da laifuka na farkisanci invaders.

Ya kamata a lura cewa shekaru na Tolstoy ta rayuwa ya faru a lokacin daga 1883 zuwa 1945. Ya mutu a kan Fabrairu 23, 1945 ciwon daji a shekaru 62 da aka binne shi a Moscow a Novodevichy hurumi.