Kwayoyin salula sune siffofin dindindin wanda ya tabbatar da aikin da wasu ayyuka ke gudana wajen aiwatar da muhimmancin aiki - girma da ci gaba, rarraba da haifuwa, da dai sauransu. Eukariticheskie (nukiliya) Kwayoyin na shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna da irin wannan tsarin da kuma aka kusan m sa na wasu gabbansa da prokaryotic (maras makaman nukiliya) Kwayoyin suna da wani m tsarin da kuma rasa da yawa daga cikin wasu gabbansa.
Kwayoyin salula, dangane da fuskar membrane da aka gyara, an raba su zuwa wadanda ba membrane da membrane wadanda suke ba. Wadanda ba su da membrane sun haɗa da: ribosomes da centrioles da motsi na motsi (microtubules da microfilaments). Ribosomes sune jinsin ko elongated, wanda ya ƙunshi raka'a biyu - babba da ƙananan. Hadawa da juna, ribosomes sun samar polysomes. Wannan organelle ne ba a duka prokaryotic Kwayoyin da eukaryotic. Ribosomes suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, tun da sun tattara sunadaran daga amino acid. Ƙananan tsibirin sune masu tayar da hanyoyi, wanda ya hada da sau uku da microtubules. Centrioles sun kasance cibiyar cibiyar salula, wanda ke shiga cikin sassan cell. Hannun motsi sune raunuka ko filaments wanda zasu iya zama a cikin cytoplasm ko zama ɓangare na flagella, cilia, ko fission spindle.
Ana rarraba kwayoyin halitta na sakonni zuwa guda guda biyu da guda biyu. To guda-membrane sun hada da: EPS (endoplasmic membrane), Golgi na'ura, lysosomes, vacuoles (samu a tsire-tsire da kuma guda-celled dabbobi).
Endoplasmic reticulum - wani Babbar cibiyar sadarwar canals da cavities cewa Alhlulbaiti dukan cell. An raba shi cikin santsi da m. EPS mai laushi yana ƙunshe da enzymes da ke cikin carbohydrate da kuma mai matukar metabolism. M EPS ne da hannu a gina jiki kira, wanda ya auku a cikin a haɗe a cikinta ribosomes.
Na'urar (hadaddun) Golgi shi ne tarihin cavities waɗanda aka haɗa zuwa EPS. Ya aka tsunduma cikin metabolism da kuma a cikin samuwar lysosomes.
Lysosomes ƙananan raƙuman jiki ne da aka cika da wani enzyme wanda zai iya rabawa gabobin "fashe" da kuma dukkanin sel idan ya cancanta. Ana yin aiki mai tsaro.
Sassan jikin kwayoyin halitta guda biyu sune mitochondria da kuma nau'in kwayoyin halitta kawai a cikin tsire-tsire. Sakamakon su shine kasancewar membranes biyu, waje da na ciki. Na waje (membrane) yana aiki da musanya da sadarwa na waɗannan kwayoyin tare da wasu kwayoyin halitta, kuma murfin ciki ya zama nau'i, madauri tsakanin su yana cike da abu mai nau'i. An kira raguwa mai ciki na mitochondria da ake kira cristae, kuma ana kiran su 'granul-chloroplast' 'granules'. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna dauke da RNA da DNA. Mitochondria ta hada ATP, wanda ya zama tushen samar da makamashi a baya-bayan nan.Aikin plastids zai dogara ne akan launin su - ba tare da launi ba (ko leukoplasts) adana carbohydrates, musamman sitaci; Yellow, orange, ja (ko chromoplast) - ba da launi ga furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa; Green chloroplasts - samar da kira na ATP da carbohydrates.
Babban kwayoyin tantanin halitta, da haɗin gwiwa da juna tare da juna, suna samar da tsari guda ɗaya.