Ammonia ruwa: samun, dabara da ake ji

Colorless iskar gas tare da kaifi wari, ammonia NH ₃ ne ba kawai readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa tare da ci gaba da zafi. Active abu reacts tare da kwayoyin na H ₂ Ya samar da wata mai rauni Alkali. A bayani da ya samu dama sunayen, daya daga cikinsu - ammonia ruwa. A fili yana da m Properties, abin da suke a kan aiwatar da samuwar, abun da ke ciki da kuma sinadaran halayen.

ammonium ion samuwar

Formula ammonia ruwa - NH ₄ OH. A abun da ke ciki na al'amari ne ba cation NH _{4 ^+,} wanda aka kafa nonmetals - nitrogen da hydrogen. N kwayoyin halitta a cikin ammonia kwayoyin da ake amfani da su samar da covalent Hadin na iyakacin duniya kawai 3 daga 5 na cikin matsanancin electrons, kuma daya biyu ya rage unclaimed. A karfi polarized ruwa kwayoyin hydrogen protons H ⁺ loosely ɗaure, tare da oxygen, daya daga cikinsu ya zama mai bayarwa LonE electron biyu daga nitrogen (Mai karɓar).

Kafa wani ammonium ion da kyau cajin da kuma musamman irin rauni covalent bond - bayarwa-karbar. Domin ta size, cajin, da kuma wasu siffofin da shi yayi kama da potassium cation kuma behaves kamar wani Alkali karfe. Sabon abu cikin sharuddan da sinadaran fili reacts tare da acid din salts ne na girma m muhimmancin. Sunayen, wanda daidai da halaye da kuma kaddarorin al'amari:

• ammonia ruwa.
• ammonium hydroxide.
• ammonia hydrate.
• caustic ammonia.

rigakafi

Kula dole ne a dauki lõkacin da aiki tare da ammonia Irinta. Yana da muhimmanci a tuna:

1. Ammonia ruwa yana da wani m wari. A tsere gas irritates hanci mucosal surface na ido, haddasa tari.
2. Lokacin da adanar ammonia a loosely rufaffiyar vials, ampoules saki ammonia.
3. Yana za a iya gano ba tare da kida, kawai ta wari ko da karamin adadin gas a cikin bayani da kuma iska.
4. A rabo tsakanin kwayoyin da cations dabam a daban-daban PH a cikin bayani.
5. Tare da wani darajar game 7 rage-rage na maida hankali mai guba gas NH ₃ ne ta ƙara yawan kasa cutarwa ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta cations NH ₄ ⁺

Shiri na ammonium hydroxide. jiki Properties

Lokacin da narkewa a cikin ruwa, da ammonia kafa ammonia ruwa. Formula na abu - NH ₄ OH, amma a gaskiya duka biyu ions ne ba

NH ₄ ^+, OH ^-, kwayoyin na NH ₃ da H ₂ O. The ion musayar sinadaran dauki tsakanin ammonia da ruwa, wani ma'auni jihar. A tsari za a iya nuna da kewaye, a kan abin da oppositely directed kibiyoyi nuna reversibility na mamaki.

A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje shiri na ammonia ruwa ne da za'ayi a gwaje-gwajen da nitrogen-dauke da mahadi. Lokacin da gauraye da ammonia ruwa ba mai bayyana colorless ruwa. A high matsin lambar da solubility na gas ƙaruwa. Ruwa daina yana aika narkar da a cikinta ammonia a mafi girma yanayin zafi. Domin masana'antu dalilai da kuma aikin noma, a kan wani m sikelin ba kashi 25 abu a lokacin da narkar da ammonia. Na biyu Hanyar yana amfani da dauki na coke tanda, gas da ruwa.

A sunadarai Properties na ammonium hydroxide

Lokacin da tuntužar biyu taya - ammonia ruwa da hydrochloric acid - an rufe ta fari hayaki clubs. Ya kunshi barbashi dauki samfurin - ammonium chloride. Tare da irin wannan maras tabbas abu kamar hydrochloric acid, da dauki faruwa kai tsaye a cikin iska.

Low-Alkali ammonium hydroxide sinadaran Properties:

1. The abu reversibly dissociates a ruwa don samar da wani ammonium cation da wani hydroxide ion.
2. A gaban NH ₄ ⁺ ion, da colorless bayani phenolphthalein rina a magenta launi kamar yadda a alkalis.
3. Chemical neutralization da acid da sakamakon a cikin samuwar ammonium salts da kuma na ruwa: NH ₄ OH + HCI = NH ₄ CL + H ₂ O.
4. Ammonia ruwa shiga cikin ion musayar dauki tare da karfe salts, wanda dace da rauni tushe, game da shi, ya kafa wani ruwa-insoluble hydroxide: 2NH ₄ OH + CuCl ₂ = 2NH ₄ CL + Cu (OH) ₂ (blue _{precipitate).}

Ammonia ruwa: aikace-aikace daban-daban a sassa na tattalin arzikin

Sabon abu abu ne yadu amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum, da aikin noma, magani da kuma masana'antu. Fasaha hydrate ammonia a wajen noma, soda ash, dyes da sauran kayayyakin. A cikin ruwa taki ƙunshi nitrogen a tsire-tsire sauƙi digestible form. The abu yana dauke su da mafi arha, kuma mafi tasiri ga hada a cikin pre-lokaci domin duk amfanin gona.

Domin samar da ammonia ruwa cinye uku sau kasa kudi fiye da a kan batun na m granular nitrogen taki. Domin ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri na ruwa amfani hermetically rufaffiyar tankuna ne na karfe. Wasu iri Paints da kuma kayayyakin aiki, don gashi Bleach samar yin amfani da ammonium hydroxide. A kowane likita ma'aikata shirye-shirye ne da ammonia - 10-kashi ammonia bayani.

Ammonium salts: dũkiyarsu da kuma m muhimmancin

Abubuwa da ake shirya ta maida martani ammonium hydroxide da acid, an yi amfani da kasuwanci ayyukan. Salts decompose a lokacin da mai tsanani, narke cikin ruwa, hõre hydrolysis. Sun shiga cikin sunadarai dauki da alkalis da sauran abubuwa. A mafi muhimmanci m darajar samu chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, kuma ammonium carbonate.

Yana da muhimmanci a bi dokoki da kuma matakan tsaro, aiki tare da abubuwa, wanda aka hada da ammonium ion. Lokacin da aka adana a warehouses da kasuwanci da aikin gona da kamfanonin, gonaki dole lamba daga wadannan mahadi da alkalis da lemun tsami. Idan leakproof kunshe-kunshe da cewa a fara sunadarai dauki da a saki mai guba gas. Duk wanda ke aiki tare da ammonia ruwa da kuma salts daga gare ta, dole ne ya san da kayan yau da kullum na sunadarai. A yarda da aminci bukatun na kayayyakin amfani ba zai cutar da mutane ko yanayi.