Afrilu 15 - Ranar muhalli da ilmi ba. hutu Tarihi

Da barazana da muhalli bala'i - daya daga cikin duniya matsalolin 'yan Adam. Tunani iri iri game da inexhaustible albarkatun, hadin hali ga dukan abubuwa masu rai sun sanya wanzuwar mutane, da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke a karkashin barazana. Farga da hatsarin da halin da ake ciki, MDD mambobi a shekarar 1992 ta kafa wani festive kwanan: Afrilu 15 - Ranar muhalli da ilmi ba.

Mene ne lafiyar qasa?

Lafiyar Qasa (daga Girkanci "da kimiyya da mazauninsu.") - shi ne nazarin adam hulda da sauran halittu, da yanayi. Har ila yau asirce adam da lafiyar qasa, wanda ke karanta yawan matsaloli, jiki da hankali kiwon lafiya Homo sapiens, mutum damar.

muhalli da ilmi

Kira muhalli ilmi daga Properties, iri-iri na abubuwa da mamaki yanayi. Wannan yana nufin wani ra'ayin na yadda za a yi da live, kwayoyin riɓaɓɓanya, da kuma search for mafi kyau duka hanyoyi don adana da wanzuwar sharadi gwargwado ga duk mazaunan duniya.

Basic muhalli ilimi wajibi ne ga kowane daga cikin mu koyi su kare muhalli. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, rãnar muhalli ilimi - da ranar da cewa shi ne ya dace ga dukkan mutane a duniya.

A ci gaba da lafiyar qasa a matsayin kimiyya

M mutumin dauki kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani duniya duka-duka dogara a kan abubuwa, don haka aka tilasta duba abin da ke faruwa a kusa, to yi na farko generalizations. A farko ilmi game da alamu da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi ba na wani kimiyya halitta, amma da gudummawar da rayuwa da mutane. Warwatse facts hankali samo asali a cikin tsarin.

Purposefully gudanar da bincike wanda yake fara a cikin tarihin duniya. A farko source, da labarin rayuwar da kifi, da dabbobi, da tsuntsaye, ya zama ayyuka na Aristotle, "History of Animals". Marubucin yana biya da hankali ga dangantakar da salon mu ƙaramin 'yan'uwa da su muhalli. Wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi ake ma aikata da a cikin ayyukan Theophrastus da Pliny da Dattijon.

Na da babban amfani ga nazarin yanayi ci gaba a cikin Renaissance. Masana kimiyya suna rayayye bincikar da Flora da fauna daga ƙasar haihuwarsa, da sauran ƙasar, bude babban matafiya. A farko muhalli gwaji halshen Robert Boyl. Manufar binciken da aka ƙayyade sakamako na yanayi matsa lamba a kan hanyar rayuwar dabbobi.

Daga baya, rinjayar muhalli dalilai a kan kwayoyin karatu da Carl Linnaeus, Buffon, JB Lamarck, da masana kimiyya na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Kalmar "Kare Mahalli" da aka farko samarwa da Ernest Haeckal. Matsayin mai zaman kanta ilimin kimiyya da lafiyar qasa da aka kafa a farkon XX karni. Kara ci gaba da daga rukunan na jiki hulda da yanayi hade da sunayen KA Timiryazeva VV Dokuchaeva F. Clemens, VN Sukachev.

Kimiyya ya ɓullo da wani sabon hanya VI Vernadsky. The masanin kimiyya gabatar da manufar "noosphere", wanda yana nufin da jihar na Muciya, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar shafi tunanin mutum aiki na mutane. A tuki da karfi a baya da kara ci gaba da rayuwa a kan duniya ya zama da hankali, wanda aka wajabta sake fasalin kudin "rai ambulan" na duniya domin amfanin 'yan Adam.

Matsalolin muhalli sun fara tsanani la'akari a cikin sittin karni na ashirin da. Shekaru da dama daga baya, shi ya fara yi tasbĩhi game da rãnar da muhalli da ilmi ba. Yanayi 15 Afrilu (wuri jerin) kungiyoyi ci gaba da kansu.

matakan

Tun shekarar 1996, aikin "Days na kare muhalli daga muhalli hadura" yana farawa a kowace shekara a Rasha. Niyya kai bishara fara Afrilu 15th. Rana muhalli sani a lokaci guda abubuwa a matsayin ranar farko na aikin.

Game da watanni biyu tare da dalibai gudanar da laccoci da kuma m azuzuwan muhalli mayar da hankali. Dalibai kare da na halitta tarihi ayyukan, shirya nune-nunen, tafiya a kan muhalli en, ziyartar zoos, tashoshin ga matasa naturalists, namun daji, huruminsa. Manya magana a taro da kuma taro, rahoton a kan aiwatar da jihar muhalli shirye-shirye. Saboda haka, Afrilu 15 (Muhalli Ilimi Day) a Smolensk zoo fara da darussan da a kan jigo "Man and Nature". Agency ma'aikatan fannonin da nunawa a cikin ƙaramin tsara wani fahimtar cewa mutane - da kawai kasancewa iya hana wani bala'i. A sakamakon taron an faruwa ga malamai da ma'aikatan na ma'aikata.

Babu kasa ban sha'awa rana wuce muhalli ilmi (15 Afrilu) a makaranta. Malamai masu goyon baya tattara dalibai a aji hours, an kwashe muhalli darussa, tsara events, shirya master azuzuwan a kan yin birdhouses, dasa bishiyoyi, da tsabta-up, miƙa su gwada mataki na sirri sha'awa cikin ceton duniya.

A ranar da muhalli sani (15 Afrilu) ayyuka suna da za'ayi domin samar a mutane ecocentric irin farkawa. A XIX-XX Art. tunanin masana kimiyya da kuma talakawa} kasance anthropocentric. Dangantaka da yanayi yayin da m mũnãna hali ne Turgenev game da yanayi, da taron, da kuma mutum-ma'aikacin. A bangare na muhalli da ilmi na rayuwar mutum yana dauke ba daga mahangar "abin ya ba ni cikin yanayi", da kuma cikin sharuddan yadda za a yi mu'amala da sauran halittu, da cewa duk kuwa da kyau.

muhalli kintace

Sane da hatsarin da wani muhalli bala'i, kimiyya Figures haifar da daban-daban hanyar al'amura na ci gaba da rayuwa a kan Earth. Wani yana zaton cewa a nan gaba da wayewa zai zama gaba daya mutum da aka yi. Wani kusa da ra'ayin wadanda ba sharar samarwa, iyakance amfani da albarkatun, bincike na sauran duniyoyi. Duk mai saɓani ra'ayoyi, da mafi masana yarda a kan abu daya: ba shi yiwuwa a magance halin da ake ciki ba tare da Greening fasahar, filayen na aiki da kuma salon da mutum.

A biosphere zai zama ba tare da mutanen, kasancewar Homo sapiens ba tare da biosphere zai yiwu ba. Wannan ya kamata a tuna da Afrilu 15 (Muhalli Ilimi Day), kazalika a kan duk wasu kwanaki na shekara.

Global ayyukan

A karo na farko a duniya muhalli shirye-shirye da muka yi magana, game a shekara ta 1972 a wani taro a karkashin MDD laimar a Stockholm. Sai ya zama na farko a duniya monitoring aikin. Kulawa da sabo ruwa, gandun daji, dutsen jeri, Hamada da kuma sauransu. D. ne da za'ayi a tashoshin, a duniya.

Tun shekara ta 1986, shi aiki kasa da kasa Geosphere-Muciya Shirin, da ayyukan da suka hada da definition sauyin yanayi, dokokin da sunadarai da biochemical matakai, bincike na yanayin kasa interactions. Hankali ne da aka ba fasali na biocenoses na baya da kuma kiyasin. Hayayyafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin kwararru daga kasashe daban-daban take kaiwa zuwa m sakamakon.