Abin da yanayi ne zama dole domin shuka rayuwa? A yanayi wajibi ne ga ci gaban da kuma ci gaban da tsire-tsire

Shuke-shuke - mu kore abokai. Su wajaba don haka mai suna saboda for mutane da dabbobi, Flora kuma da aka gyara - shi ne tushen abinci, kayan ga iyali bukatun, magunguna, da babban kayyadewa na iska tsarkakuwa, kuma haka a.

Don kwanan wata, akwai fiye da 350.000 jinsuna daban na shuke-shuke. Su duk da musamman morphological da kwayoyin fasali, faranta mana da multicolored ƙawa, a yanzu isar da ado da yardarSa. Duk da haka, su rai siffofin iya zama daban-daban, amma shi ne ko da yaushe muhimmanci, musamman da kyau. Kuma su zama ana kai tsaye rinjayi da yanayi dole domin shuka rayuwa.

Rayuwa siffofin shuke-shuke

Wannan rarrabuwa za a iya rage daga ra'ayinsa na daban-daban sciences: Systematics da kuma Lafiyar Qasa. Mu ne sha'awar fiye da kawai da tsanaki, tun da shi ne a kan na waje dabiu na shuke-shuke. Daga wannan matsayi da dukan mulkin Flora za a iya raba kungiyoyin da suka kafa da juyin da kuma ake fama da yanayin rayuwa na shuke-shuke.

1. Bishiyoyi - pronounced akwati, da tsawo na ba kasa da mita biyu.
2. Bushes - daga 50 cm zuwa 2 m ba ga tsawo, da dama akwati mikawa daga ƙasa.
3. Shrubs - kafa daga baya form, amma size zuwa 50 cm.
4. Shrubs - kafa ta siffofi na shrubs, amma sama na mahara kututturan matattu.
5. Ganye - low-girma shuke-shuke a cikin hunturu daskare ƙafãfunsa.
6. Creeper - halin sashe da kuma takun mai tushe bayar da ƙugiyoyi, antennae da kuma sauran na'urori sãren.
7. Tsire - tsire-tsire da za a iya adana manyan yawa na ruwa a cikin tushe da kuma ganye.

Abin da yanayi ne zama dole domin shuka rayuwa na kowane daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi? Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Muhalli dalilai kamar yanayin shuka rayuwa

Wadannan sun hada da wadannan.

1. Abiotic:

• hasken rana.
• danshi (ruwa).
• zafin jiki magani.
• abinci.

2. Biotic: dukkan halittu cewa kewaye wannan shuka (dabbobi, kwayoyin, fungi).

3. anthropogenic - adam tasiri da ayyukan a cikin daban-daban sassa na rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma tattalin arziki.

Abin da yanayi ne zama dole domin shuka rayuwa mafi? Wannan shi ne, wanda aka ƙaddara daga wadannan dalilai? Wannan tambaya da wuya a amsa. Kawai su tarawa m hade damar da shuke-shuke zuwa ji dadi kamar, mai lafiya da kuma sauri zuwa girma, ci gaba da kuma haihuwa.

Effect haske

A mafi muhimmanci bambanci na shuka kwayoyin daga duk wasu - shi ne autotrophic hanyar cin abinci. Wannan ne, da ikon maida da makamashi na hasken rana a cikin sinadaran makamashi a kewaye a kafa hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi. Duk wannan hadaddun biochemical tsari, gina a biyu bulan, aka kira photosynthesis. A samfurin na wadannan canje zama sitaci kamar yadda a ajiye na shuka gina jiki da kuma oxygen gas - a matsayin tushen rayuwa a wannan duniya tamu.

Yana zama na fili da cewa ba tare da photosynthesis a can zai zama babu rayuwa. Kuma ba tare da hasken rana ba tsari. Saboda haka, da samar da makamashi da na halitta hasken rana da kuma sauran haske kafofin - da yanayi dole ga girmansu da ci daga shuke-shuke. Rawar da wadannan dalilai suna m.

da dama kungiyoyin da kwayoyin za a iya gano dangane da haske.

1. Shadow shuke-shuke. Irin wannan wakilan ba zai iya jure hasken rana kai tsaye, sun kawai sosai warwatse low haske. Alal misali, da yawa daga cikin gandun daji ganye, nestled a karkashin inuwar itatuwa - itace zobo, maianthemum, backache, saxifrage, Corydalis, snowdrop, Mountain Girl, bluebell, aiwi, Bracken, celandine da sauransu.
2. Shade-m. Wadannan shuke-shuke fi son matsakaici lighting da kuma isasshe jure har ma a dogon Ɓoyo. Duk da haka, hasken rana da aka har yanzu ƙaunar da gajeren daukan hotuna zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye kyakyawan fata. Wannan, misali, currants, Lily, blueberries, elderberries, cranberries, Sulemanu hatimi, cuff da sauran.
3. Photophilic - shuke-shuke da suke da mafi bukatar mai haske hasken rana kai tsaye. Kawai a karkashin wadannan yanayi da tsari na photosynthesis daukan sanya su kamar yadda sauri da kuma gaba daya. Misalai: Mahaifiyar coltsfoot, Clover, lavender, immortelle, Melissa, lotus furanni, ruwa furannin bi-rana, ciyawa, cacti, mafi yawan itatuwa, da sauransu.

Saboda haka, abin da shuke-shuke bukatar rayuwa a cikin fari? Hasken rana, wanda shi ne babban tushen shuka tsari - photosynthesis.

ruwa Meaning

Dioxide, hydrogen ne mafi muhimmanci al'amari a rayuwa, ba kawai shuke-shuke, amma kuma na duk halittu masu rai a duniya. An sani cewa rayuwar duniya shine sanya yiwu ta wurin ruwa ruwa. Saboda haka, da darajar da wuya a overestimate. Universal sauran ƙarfi a cikin abin da biochemical halayen faruwa duk mai rai kwayoyin, shi ne wani na game tsarin rarraba, kowane bangaren na cell.

Muhimmancin ruwa ga shuka rayuwa shi ne babu kasa mai muhimmanci fiye da hasken rana. Saboda ruwa halitta turgor matsa lamba a kan cell ganuwar, shi ne a shi ne da za'ayi dukkan kai sadarwa, shi ne - wani yanayi domin sinadaran halayen. A takaice, ruwa ne ga shuke-shuke - tushen lamarinsa.

Ba duk da Flora ne daidai da related to ruwa da kuma ta yawa. Kamar haka, akwai uku da manyan muhalli kungiyoyin na shuke-shuke da girmamawa ga hydrogen oxide.

1. Xerophytes - mazaunan mafi m yankuna, wanda sun gudanar daidaita da rashin danshi. Misalai: The hamada da kuma Semi-hamada shuke-shuke, da mazaunan teku ƙasar. Eschscholzia, cacti, alkama ciyawa, rairayin bakin teku ciyawa, briofillum, raƙumi ƙaya da sauransu.
2. Mesophytes - mazaunan yankunan da matsakaici yawa na ruwa. Wannan inji fadamun, gandun daji mazaunan. Kullum shafi m gona, amma ba zai iya jure wuce kima danshi ko fari. Timoti, camomile, cornflower, burnet, Lyuba, Lilac, Hazel, Clover, lungwort, goldenrod, duk deciduous itatuwa da kuma shrubs.
3. Hydrophytes. Irin shuke-shuke ne mafi kyau Feel idan sun partially a ruwa (sabo ruwa, gishiri), ko gaba daya nutsa cikin zurfin shi. Misalai: algae, ruwa buttercup, hornworts, furannin bi-rana, posedonii, pondweed, altemii, mollusk, da sauransu.

Saboda haka, abin da yanayi ne na wajibi ga shuka rayuwa? Ruwa kunshe a da jerin.

Rawar da zazzabi

Dumi kwana ga dukkan abubuwa masu rai a cikin farin ciki. Duk da haka, a cikin shuke-shuke, akwai wadanda suka daure low yanayin zafi quite sauƙi. Duk jinsuna na Flora dangane da wannan factor za a iya raba uku kungiyoyin.

1. Thermophilic. A yanayi dole domin rayuwa na shuke-shuke na wannan kungiya, - zazzabi siga kasa 5 ⁰ C. The ganiya daya domin su ne kamar + 25-26 ⁰ C. Irin shuke-shuke ba jure kaifi hawa da sauka a cikin zazzabi, ba zai iya jure har haske frosts. Misalai: shinkafa, auduga, koko, dabino, banana, kusan dukan mazaunan wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical.
2. Cold-resistant shuke-shuke. Fi son matsakaici yanayin zafi, duk da haka, suna iya kawo kuma kyawawan low, za ta hanyar sanyi ba tare da lalacewa. Misalai: dankali, duk tushen kayan lambu, ganye, da yawa iri crucifers, hatsi da sauransu.
3. Frost-resistant. Iya ciyar da hunturu a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara bargo, yayin da rike viability. Misalai hada da irin horticultural shuke-shuke kamar rhubarb, perennial albasa, tafarnuwa, zobo, da sauransu.

Kammalawa: zazzabi iko - wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga al'ada girma da kuma ci gaban da dukkan tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa.

inorganic abinci mai gina jiki

Wannan factor ne musamman muhimmanci musamman ga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, da' ya'yan itace da kuma kayan lambu amfanin gona da horar da mutum. Lalle ne, a cikin vivo shuke-shuke mallakeku irin wannan wuraren, wanda suke iya daidaita. Ciki har da abun ciki na ma'adinai salts a cikin ƙasa.

Amma al'adu da wakilan bukatar taimako. Kowane mai sanin abin da hadaddun ma'adinai takin da ya kamata a yi don wasu shuke-shuke don samun amfanin gona.

A general, ma'adanai - shi ne wani muhimmin kashi na ikon mutane, wanda ake tunawa da shuke-shuke daga ƙasa ta tsotsa tare da wanka da ruwa. Amma shuka ne cutarwa overabundance na taki, da kuma rashin su kaiwa zuwa rage girma da kuma talakawa girbi.

Abun da ke ciki iska

Abin da yanayi ne zama dole domin shuka rai, ban da na sama? Har ila yau muhimmanci shi ne abun da ke ciki na iska. Bayan duk, da dare shuke-shuke, kazalika da sauran halittu masu rai numfashi, cinye oxygen. Saboda haka, yana a cikin iska domin su al'ada ci gaban ya kamata isa. Wannan yana nufin cewa a karkashin yanayi na high yawa daga cutarwa gas, turɓãya, fungi da kwayoyin shuke-shuke zai ji sosai sharri.

Biotic dalilai da su da tasirinsu

Mu duba a duk abiotic dalilai na shuka rayuwa. Heat, haske, iska, ruwa - babban da ba makawa yanayi na su na al'ada girma da kuma ci gaba.

Biotic guda dalilai - da tasiri a kan su zagayenta biomass, cewa shi ne, sauran shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, fungi, kwari, da sauransu. Don la'akari da duk al'amurran da tasiri daga cikin wadannan yanayi, da kimiyya yanayi da aka halicci. Ya kamata ne kawai a lura da cewa biotic dalilai ne babu kasa muhimmanci fiye da abiotic.

Babban yanayi na rayuwa da potted shuke-shuke

Muhalli da yanayi wajibi ne a rayuwa houseplants, ba daban-daban daga wadanda cewa mun gani, ga dukkan, a general. Suna kuma bukatar hasken rana, zafi, da ruwa, ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki, kariya daga kwari.

Potted furanni don jin mai kyau da kuma duba da kyau, wajibi ne a kusance su akayi daban-daban, shan la'akari da peculiarities na wani musamman HALITTAR da jinsunan shuka.