Abin da ya Rasha a tsakiyar XIX karni? Takaitacciyar da "Notes na wani Hunter"

Zan fara labarina game da fice Masters na kalmar, haife na Rasha ƙasar, tare da daya sananne episode. A taron, wanda shi kansa ya cikawa da kuma godiya tuna fiye da sau daya. By Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu a kananan tashar jirgin da aka kusata da biyu matasa sana'a da kuma dama game da, shi ne shi gaskiya da suke fuskanta marubucin "Notes na wani Hunter". Ji wani m amsar, su duka biyu fãɗi a gare shi a cikin kugu, ta cewa ya ya - baka na Rasha mutane (a tsakiyar - ƙarshen XVIII karni sani a takaice na "Notes na wani Hunter" An wata ãyã daga mai kyau, ku ɗanɗani). Yi imani da ni, masoyi masu karatu, cewa ba wani m yi na matasa. Shi ne mai bayyanawa zanga-zanga na sirri rawar da marubuci a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom.

Bari mu juya zuwa littafin halayyar. A farkon, za mu lura: a kan wannan master matakin rubuce-rubuce - shayari in litattafan - biyu kawai mutane: litattafan Gogol da Turgenev. Bayyana a takaice na "Notes na wani Hunter" Ya kamata a fara da poetic kuma da dabara Turgenev ta labarin "Polecat da Kalinych". Its main ra'ayin - to Inter-caste aminci na biyu mutane - Ubangiji kuma serf, wani yiwu, watakila, kawai a Rasha. Kwantar da hankula, auna dabaru mai masauki polecat daidaituwa taimaka wani tunanin Kalinych.

A protagonist na Turgenev, fastening tare da song "Memoirs ..." - a cikin soyayya tare da kananan gida haskaka mai masauki na Oryol lardin. A madadin matafiyi da 'yan qasar chernozems da expounds Turgenev "Notes na wani Hunter". abun ciki na labarin yana da yawa fuskokin: da mafarauci overheard da boys suka zo da dawakai da dare ( "Bezhin makiyaya"), sa'an nan tenderly gaya poignant jama'a song ( "shirya mawaka"), sa'an nan raba asirin - na haskaka mutum za a iya kira ƙasar haihuwarmu lamiri game da Allah wanderer Kasyanov Beautiful takuba.

Turgenev halitta haka art-cikakke kuma haka m, real images of manoma, tausayin bourgeoisie, commoners, cewa da dama cikin soyayya da su da m karatu, amma a lokaci guda, "Notes na wani Hunter" ne gaskiya, kuma lyrical littafin game da Rasha mutane tsakiyar XIX karni. Landlordism ya sa'an nan da babban nau'i na noma. Duk da haka, da zamani Ivan Sergeyevich gidan haya suke a su imperious baiwa da kuma halin ne da nisa daga kasancewa Catherine bafadan ( "Rasberi Ruwa"). Zana summary na "Notes na wani Hunter," zamu iya cewa serfdom a cikin XIX karni, mai cikakken gajiya. Akwai ba yawa da cewa ikon yinsa, m gidan haya ka gudanar da bayi aikata arraignment da kuma azaba.

Serfs, bi da bi, da wani 'yancin. Su za a iya cũtar da su, yin m, ba za su iya zuwa har dace don jefa kansu, kuma rãyukansu. Ba mamaki, da maras kyau jama'a, ya juya mutane a cikin bayi, serfs hana da yawa zamantakewa. M rayuwa sau da yawa kwodago ya ki ya buguwa, kwance, lalaci. Sau da yawa, da kiyaye dukan iyali shi aka sa a kan kafadu na mata, yayin da maza sha. Kuma a lokacin da rayuwa ta zama numfashi ba, ya barke wawa da kuma m jini tarzoma. The asali sunan "darkãke!" The marubuci ya ba daya daga cikin ayyukansa. A ra'ayin hadarin wani Ɗaukaka tashin hankali a cikin al'umma ne taƙaitaccen labari abun ciki. "Bayanan kula da wani Hunter", kamar yadda aka ra'ayi takaita daga baya da kamã da jũna labarin "Mumu": da m m mutane suyi biyayya da kusa, tausayin farka.

Turgenev ta labarin sake zagayowar (karshe da aka buga a 1852) taka leda shahararren rawa a cikin 'yanci na peasantry. Bari mu bayyana karshe tunani (bayan duk, mun riga san summary na "Notes na wani Hunter"). Warai lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, lalle m ya bi al'umma. Ko da yake Turgenev ya ba m da biting, m harshe, wadai da kananan shiryayye gonaki, tausayin zãlunci, zãlunci, duk da haka m, Kuntata, halin kirki fatarar gidan haya Zverkov, Stegunova, Penochkin nuna shi zuwa cikakken. Ya yi amfani da wani karin makami ne mai iko - ɗaukar wasu, rai-taker ga gaskiya. A bisa jerin labarai, kamar yadda evidenced da Chronicle, sanya mai zurfi ra'ayi a kan fiye da wani lokaci don karanta shi da Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II. Kamar yadda ka sani, mutane da kansu godiya kira wannan sarki soke serfdom, da Liberator.