Syndicate - a ... ma'anar kalmar "syndicate"

Syndicate - wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa da suke a tsakiya domin duk Member States aiwatar da sayan albarkatun kasa da kuma tallace-tallace na kayayyakin. All kamfanonin halartar syndicate riƙe mulkin kai a al'amura na samarwa, amma a lokaci guda suna da wani ciniki dangantaka.

The kalmar "syndicate"

Kalmar "syndicate" yana da yawa fassarori. A baya can, a karkashin toshe bakin nufi wani kashin cewa halitta hadin kan abubuwan da mahalarta da kuma ba da yawan talakawa da al'umma,} ungiyoyin ko masana'antu. A Rasha toshe bakin bazuwar a cikin marigayi XIX - farkon XX ƙarni, amma mafi girma shahararsa shi samu a Faransa, inda akwai harkokin kasuwanci da kuma ma'aikatan kungiyoyin.

Idan muka magana game da sauran} asashen, akwai wani syndicate - shi ne daya daga cikin iri na kasuwanci ƙawance, musamman wadanda da nufin cimma matakin na riba, m ga dukkan mahalarta, tare da taimakon wani hadin gwiwa standardization na ta samfurin tallace-tallace da kuma sayayya na raw kayan da ake bukata domin samar. A wannan yanayi, da kalmar "syndicate" - shi ne na duniya ra'ayi.

A dalilan samuwar monopolies, amãnõninsu, cartels da kuma toshe bakin

A Rasha, da samar da kuzari ga halittar monopolies da kuma mallaka miƙa mulki ga zama duniya tattalin arziki da rikicin 1900-1903 gg. A rikicin da aka musamman m saboda ya gabata upturn an halitta wasu har wucin gadi. Saboda gaskiya cewa kasar ta gani cikin dominance na waje babban birnin kasar, akwai wani m karancin kudi. A dangane da rikicin na Yammacin arzikin masu arziki fara janye kudi daga kasar. Rasha bankuna suna rufe a wannan lokaci bashi, haka tunzura industrialists a hadaddun tallace-tallace yanayi.

Kenkenewa matsayin wata hanya ta magance rikicin

Babu bashi na'ura-ginin masana'antu sun ba su iya saya da tama, karfe da sauransu. Products tara a warehouses, masana'antu tsaya domin ba su iya aiwatar da samfurin da kuma sayan man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa domin kara samar. Kasuwancin dake tsakanin kamfanonin ba tare da bashi ya tsaya. Yana da wannan dalilin, da kuma fara samar da wata kenkenewa. Industrialists na kowane masana'antu a congresses fara tattauna tambayoyi na fama da wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a duniya.

Kuma daya daga cikin hanyoyin fita daga cikin rikicin akwai wata shawarar a yi amfani da Association marketing na kayayyakin da samuwar janar ciniki da kamfanoni, watau toshe bakin. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a gwada farashin da kuma sarrafa kasuwar. Kenkenewa a Rasha wanzu a cikin nau'i na toshe bakin. Syndicate - shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci nau'i na kenkenewa, kamar yadda a cikin wannan hali suna da ha ba tsirar da sayar da kawai da kayayyakin. Bugu da kari, yana da sauki don tsara fiye da dõgara. Industrialists sun isa saduwa da kuma yi shawarwari. A lokaci guda sun kasance masu su Enterprises cikin syndicate, kuma ka dõgara taso a cikin shakka daga dogon gasar, a lokacin da daya daga cikin kamfanonin da ke hallaka su kishiyoyinsu.

A daban-daban toshe bakin daga sauran kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyi

Don gane da bambanci tsakanin toshe bakin daga sauran kasuwanci ƙungiyoyi kamata a duba su ilimi a raga da kuma babban ayyukan. Amãnõninsu da cartels aka kafa, a matsayin mai mulkin, wadanda 'yan kasuwa suka tsunduma a kai tsaye samar da dukiya. Da ayyukan da wadannan kungiyoyin da aka nufin gudãnar samar kundin, samfurin tallace-tallace da kuma wani karu a samar da halin kaka. Babban manufar su mataki shi ne hana overproduction amfanin ƙasa hadin gwiwa Ventures.

Harkokin kasuwanci kwadago - shi ne da farko wani ƙungiyar na kungiyoyin da ke aiki a irin wannan filayen. Wannan shi ne daya kungiyar na kungiyoyin kwadago da masu sayarwa da kaya. A lokuta da dama, wadannan toshe bakin haɗa kan bangaskiya babbar gasar kasuwanci a cimma high matakan da riba na kasuwanci. Babban kayan aiki da suka yi amfani da shi ne a contractual tsari na farashin. Toshe bakin a Rasha da kuma a wasu ƙasashe, ma, ya nema ya monopolize da dacewa masana'antu da kasuwanni zuwa mafi girma har fiye da amãnõninsu da cartels.

Nau'in toshe bakin a Rasha

Daga cikin iri na toshe bakin aiki a Rasha, yafi mamaye wadanda kayayyaki da kuma} ungiyoyin ma'aikata, wanda hada da samar da m sayar da wasu samfurin Categories. A wannan yanayin, a cikin suna da kalmar "syndicate" da aka ba amfani. Halitta ta hanyar hada mataki na bunqasar za a iya raba kungiyoyin kwadago na aluma, wanda aka halicce su don cimma wani iyakance dalilai, kuma a zahiri amãnõninsu da toshe bakin.

By yankin iko toshe bakin a Rasha suka rabu gida da na kasa. A farko monopolies bayyana a Rasha a farkon 80s na 19th karni. Amma tsarin siga na jam'iyya a lokacin ya da nisa daga m. Cartels da kuma toshe bakin, mafi yawa sarrafawa da congresses factory masu, ga abin da sulhu da yarjejeniya a kan kafa ƙungiyoyi.

A farko nau'i na kenkenewa

Cartel yarjejeniya ne da farko kafa da kuma aiki a kan nasu monopolistic form. Cartel - wata yarjejeniya tsakanin da bin doka da kuma kudi ne m kungiyoyi da cewa tsara da farashin da manufofin da rabo kasuwar. A wannan yanayin, quite manyan kungiyoyin shiga cikin doka yarjejeniyar tare da irin wannan kasuwanci.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa cartel matsayin wani nau'i na kenkenewa ya quite tenacious. Kuma a yanzu, akwai wani babba adadin da na yau da kullum, shari'a da kuma cartels a cikin Sphere na fitarwa da kuma shigo da. Syndicate - wannan shi ne wani na kowa tsari, a cikinsa, akwai wani babban birnin kasar-kenkenewa. Irin wannan ƙawance, ya gabatar da yarjejeniyar, bisa ga abin hani ne hõre ta a cikin mulki, kuma yancin kai na duk ta mahalarta.

Bugu da kari, akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin babban laifi syndicate cewa shi ne ba bisa doka ba, ko na wasa jam'iyya na 'yan kasuwa da kuma kamfanoni.