A zanen "Black Square" da Malevich: ma'anar hoto, bayanin da

Daya shekara ɗari da suka wuce, wadannan kalmomi biyu sanya ji, ba na ba da sauran su da yawa mutane. A zanen "Black Square" ga wani waje mai son art - cikin shahararrun Rasha aikin art - wata alama ce da ra'ayin na dogon lokaci kafin lokaci ko da a cikin m XX karni.

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Kazimir Severinovich Malevich zauna rayuwata, da kalla kama da wani rabo mai hankali maƙaryaci daga art, ya kafa wata manufa don samun arziki ta hanyar sayar da abstruse theories, alama ce wadda ake gani a yawa "masana" zanen da Malevich "Black Square". An haife shi a 1879, a Kiev, a cikin wani babban iyali samar manajan a wani sugar factory. The so ya zana daga yara, amma low samun kudin shiga ba a yarda ya sami yau da kullum art ilimi, tilasta farkon fara zuwa aiki rayuwa a matsayin draftsman.

A Kursk, inda ta koma Malevich iyali, ya shirya wani da'irar art masoya da kuma fara shirya don shigar da Moscow School of zanen, wanda unsuccessfully kokarin da ya yi a 1905 - ya rasa m ilimi. Ko da yake Casimir ya riga wani iyali mutum, sai ya koma Moscow, ya koyar a mai zaman kansa makaranta digiri na mallaka Academy of Arts F. I. Rerberga kuma rayayye halarci aikin art ƙungiyoyi, wani lokacin mafi m - kamar "Jack na Diamonds", "Jaka ta Tail" , "Blue mahayi" da sauransu. d.

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New Era soke tsohon dabi'u. Rasa gabar hoto siffofin pictorial art, tattara bayanai da lokaci ya ɗauki hoto da nascent film, tilasta artists gwaji tare da form. Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da juyin juya halin sanya m saba batutuwa, rayayye influencing da search for sabon abun ciki canvases.

Malevich rayu a tsakiyar m rai ya rinjayi mafi m trends: rubuta impressionistic shimfidar, ya dauki bangare a cikin rigima ayyuka na Futurists (misali - yana tafiya a kan Kuznetsky Bridge tare da katako spoons a cikin buttonholes), fentin a cikin style of cubism, ya ɓullo da nasa salon - "abstruse hakikanci ", tsara littafin mafi avant-garde kasida kamar A. juya da Velimir Khlebnikov. Tare da Mayakovsky saki "Yau karan ɗori", ya nuna abubuwan da suka faru na yakin duniya na farko.

"Nasara a kan Sun"

Ko da a cikin 1913, a can sun kasance aukuwa sun fi mayar da m da m rayuwa na Malevich. A St. Petersburg bakuncin "The First All-Russian Congress of Futurists", wanda ya samu halartar mutane uku: da ya kirkiro wani sabon harshe - "zaum" - Aleksey Kruchonyh, wani mai goyon bayan m dissonance Michael Matyushin da kuma aiki abokin gaba na alama da zanen Kazimir Malevich. A sakamakon da wahayi zuwa aikin biyu wasanni na opera "Nasara a kan Sun", a kunshe a cikin tarihin na avant-garde art. Shi ne daga nan asali Malevich zanen "Black Square" - kamar motif bayyana a matsayin backdrop ga shimfidar wuri zuwa 1st yi na wasan kwaikwayo.

Babban jigo na wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da aka haihuwar sabon, da engine na nan gaba, wanda zai iya kawai faru a lokacin da cikakken halakar da haihuwa duniya. Wannan batu na aiwatuwa da wadanda ba sana'a 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a dama kayayyaki dangane da almara da Malevich, ce m, amma ma'ana "maganar banza", a tafi daga gare da ban mamaki shimfidar wuri a karkashin matsananci atonal sauti cirewa daga wani takaici piano. A wasanni ƙare a aikata abin kunya, t. E. The burin da aka cimma.

"0,10" nuni

Sahaban lura Malevich ta ikon gama a kusa da shi artists hada don samar da ideas. Amma ko da ga magoya bayansa shi ne mai cikakken mamaki nuni da 39 zane-zane da tattalin nuni, wanda ya bude Disamba 19, 1915 a cikin gallery N. Dobychina a cikin Champ de Mars a Petrograd. Sunan "Zero Ten" nufi sifili haƙiƙa siffofin a cikin zane-zane da kuma goma mabajan (ko da yake akwai 14). Yana da aka ta farko akwai wani hoto na "black akwatin" - a photo kama ta a cikin "ja kusurwa", inda yawanci sanya gumaka. The artist kansa rataye da zanen a kan dare kafin a bude, rubuta posters da kuma sa hannu, tattalin wata manifesto "Daga Cubism zuwa Suprematism. New pictorial da labarun almara. " Kamar wancan ne da ya zama shugaban sabuwar m motsi, wanda alama ce shi ne zanen "Black Square". A nuni da aka sanya a matsayin "Last Futurist", amma definition shi a matsayin miƙa mulki ga Suprematism, kamar yadda da shawarar da Malevich, abokan aiki bai yarda - ma m ideas shelar artist.

Suprematism

Sunan zo daga Latin supremus - mafi girma - da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland supremacja - magabaci, keda daukaka. A msar tambayar ci gaban da wani sabon salon na Malevich ce game da dominance na irrelevance matsayin fassara halaye na gaskiya art. Warware daga alama da zanen zama wani aiki na m halitta, kamar allahntaka, da kuma zanen "Black Square" a cikin wannan ma'ana yana da wani ingancin pervokletki, da farko kashi na sabon duniya.
Wani ma'anar da kalmar Malevich nuni da m muhimmanci kan sabon gaskiya halitta da manyan kayayyakin aiki, da cewa ya yi amfani - da launuka, Lines, sauki na lissafi siffofin. A farko Suprematist motifs, ciki har da zane-zane da Kazimira Malevicha "Black Square", yana da wani musamman expressiveness dangane dunkule launi qagaggun, ba gurbata mikakke kuma m hangen zaman gaba, da kwaikwayo na girma da sauransu. D. A nan gaba, da ci gaba da ka'idodi ɗauki siffar na tasiri a kan daban-daban nau'o'i - supremacist karfe abun da ke ciki na mutum Figures bayyana ko uku-girma abubuwa - "architectons" magana zama Malevich ra'ayoyi kan gaba gine.

Dalili na sabon duniya halitta da artist da daya babbar magana - "Black Square". The ma'anar hoto na zarra yi niyyar darajar abin da aka ba gina Taswirar na data kasance duniya da sabon, da sauran gaskiyar da kuma bambancin da duniya ba shubuha da kuma "Black Square". Mene ne wannan?

Apotheosis na irrelevance

Zayyanawa 'yancin kai da gaske m art na tattara bayanai da siffofin na gaskiya, da artist zo babu makawa ga asarar wani alama, ko don bincika farko siffar, wanda shi yiwuwa a rarrabe cikin bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa. Wannan shi ne na farko kashi cewa an samu Malevich - "Black Square". Ma'anar hoton ne da cewa alama samar da shi, ba ya dogara ne a kan na ginin jumla da abun ciki, daga cikin tarayya, tare da haƙiƙa duniya, musamman nassoshi da allusions. The aiki sanya Wizard ba sauki, shi bukatar da sa hannu na viewer, da irin ƙarfin lantarki na ta da ƙarfin ruhaniya, kasancewar a shi na wasu kaya. Kuma mafi sau da yawa ba ba amsa, kuma wakiltar wani sabon hanyar samun kwaikwayo na rayuwa, da kuma ba da cewa manufar art?

Launi - da-akai na zamani zane

Cikakken suna da ya fi shahara zanen master denoted ta "Black Suprematist square a kan wani farin baya." Domin da artist da kuma Falsafa a nan shi ne da muhimmanci a kowane kalma, saboda primacy na launi, ta farko underlies da Suprematism. Za ka iya samun bayanin irin zane "Black Square" da Malevich, inda launi daga cikin Paint amfani da zane, shi ne wani hadadden cakuda daban-daban inuwõyinta suna kusa, a cikin abin da akwai wani bayyanannen baki da fari bezels kira rawar haske cream tabarau.

Da alama cewa shi sanya ji ga master, a lokacin da ya ke yi da matakai na gaba - a cikin shahararrun jerin "fari a kan fararen" a lokacin da expressiveness na zanen dogara ne a kan dabara launi dangantaka tsakanin jirage. A zanen "Black Square" - wani furucin da rinjaye launi, mafi girma, gagarumin, bambanci. Ko da yake fahimtar baki a sakamakon da hadawa da primary launuka (dumi da kuma sanyi, na kuma sauran), reinforces muhimmancin wannan furucin.

Makamashi da kuma haske

Ba abin mamaki na farko ambaci wani baki square gani a Malevich ta aiki a kan zane na futuristic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Nasara a kan Sun". Description na zanen "Black Square", wani bayani daga wani farin bango a kan wanda aka sanya wani opaque m adadi a matsayin wani haske batter kashedi game da shãmaki, yakan faru a cikin artist da kuma masu sauraro, da kuma musamman organically a cikin mahallin abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin wasan opera.

Yana da ban mamaki yadda Malevich gudanar ya hango ko hasashen wasan kwaikwayo yankunan cewa sun zama Topical bayan rabin karni. Ad Reinhardt, Sol LeWitt, babu shakka, aka tafiya tare da hanyar nuna "Black Square". A Mark Rothko ta launi da kuma samar da makamashi vibration laconic form yakan mallaki cosmic sikelin, da kuma hanyar aikewa da wannan makamashi ne kama da Suprematist kusan a zahiri.

Shi ba a san nawa ya ga Malevich akida mutum ya siffofin, sauki parallelism tarnaƙi na square, ripple bango da kuma rawar baki, amma wani abu da ke sa wa sa'a a cikin hoto da minti sufi radiation gare zama ri.

A rikicin na ideas, karshen art?

Banal appropriation na m baiwa annabci halaye, amma a yanayin saukan Malevich ta tanadi ne, bayyananne. Akwai ma bayyananne zuwa Sahaban apocalyptic motifs, wanda ya ba Malevich "Black Square". Ma'anar hoton da suka gan a matattu karshen, wanda ya zo da art na zanen, da kuma musamman, ci gaban zamantakewa da tunani.

A saba aiki na zane-zane da aka ayyana wanda aka rabu amfani, da kuma square ga wata halitta sakamakon m bincike formalists. Ba abin mamaki ba akwai wani labari cewa, a lõkacin da ya ga "Black Square", Picasso rasa sha'awa cikin Cubism - matsawa kara je ... Kada ƙara fata ya zo a lokaci na yaki da kuma wani sarari hango nan gaba neman sauyi upheavals.

Kuma duk da haka, daga saman elapsed lokaci a cikin taken zayyanar da Malevich, jin kira a sami sabon hanyoyi, da kuma musu da haihuwa hanyoyin da nuna wani canza duniya ba ze rinjaye. Wannan ya tabbatar da m aiki na master, da kuma almajiransa fahimcin muhimmancin da ya ideas.

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Malevich zane har yanzu murna mai yawa sharhi, wanda murna da artist sunan da adadin biya ga asali hoto - da "sukar" wanda da jariri-budurwa m. Su ko ta yaya imani da wani sifili muhimmancin wannan art. The black rami, mamaye haske al'amari na gaskiya m dabi'u, da kuma alama sosai majiɓinta, na ruhaniya da hadisai da kuma abi'a.

A halin yanzu, sunan Malevich da aka sani ga kowane nan gaba artist, zanen ko m, a duniya, Suprematism da wani tasiri a kan mafi shahara zamani artists. Alal misali, marubucin na matsananci-zamani siffofin a gine-gine da kuma kewaye da mutum - Zaha Hadid - jaddada rinjayar da ra'ayoyi na Rasha artist a kan duk ta aiki.

Me kana bukatar ka yi wani zanen "Black Square"

Za ka iya rayu rayuwa ba tare da tunani game da kyau-ciyar da wani dadi rayuwa, don ganin duniya daban fiye da wasu. jayayya tare da abokai da kuma makiya, to su yi almajirai, don kokarin shawo kan daidaitar jihar ikon da fadowa cikin talauci da kuma gudun hijira, to mutu daga wata azãba mai cuta ne ba tukuna tsufa da kuma sake fasalin nasu jana'iza a rabo avant-garde art.

Amma me ya sa wahalad da abubuwa? Canvas, kadan na Paint da wani m zanen skills - shirye fitacciyar duniya muhimmancin. Kuma ma mafi alhẽri - da kwamfuta gyara da kuma high quality-firinta - don haka smoother, mafi daidai, mafi kyau ... Kuma mafi muhimmanci - ba sa karin shafi tunanin mutum da kokarin, saboda duk abin da yake haka sauki ...