Hanukkah - abin da yake da shi? A tarihin da kuma hadisai na Hanukkah

A kowace shekara a cikin Yahudawa duniya daga 25th of Kislev, kuma ga 2-3 ga watan Tevet ce mai girma hutu - Hanukkah. Mene ne "tsarkakewa" da "karshe", wanda ya ba da sunan wannan hadisin? Menene al'ada na fulogogin, dadi abinci da kuma bikin zaunanniya kwana takwas? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar.

Abin da ya aikata "Hanukkah"

The kalmar "Hanukkah" a Ibrananci kunshi sassa biyu. Na farko, "khan", a zahiri tana nufin "sun cimma zaman lafiya." Na biyu, "ka" - a hade da haruffa wanda na lamba darajar - ashirin da biyar. Yana da dangantaka da soja da kuma ruhaniya da nasarar da Yahudawa a kan al'ummai, ya faru 25 na Kislev (bisa ga Yahudawa kalandar) a 164 BC.

sunan hutu "Hanukkah" - samu daga kalmar "lahanot" ma'ana "ƙaddamar" ( "tsarkakewa"). Wannan rana da aka sake tsarkake bagaden Haikalin da yake a Urushalima, wanda shi ne daidai shekaru 3 kafin ranar wannan ƙazantar mãsu shirki. A cikin wadannan kwanaki na Chanukah aka kira more "festival hasken wuta".

A tarihin Hanukkah

A bisa ga al'ada, Hanukkah ne bikin for kwana takwas. Yana farawa daga 25th ranar Kislev, wanda yawanci dama a watan Nuwamba ko Disamba. A taron, wadda take kaiwa zuwa farkon labarin Hanukkah, ya faru ne a lokacin Aleksandra Velikogo (Macedonian), a lokacin da ƙasar Isra'ila wani ɓangare na Syria, tsohon, bi da bi, wani lardi na Greek daular. Na dogon lokaci, Yahudawa da Helenawa samu wani na kowa harshe. M Yahudawa biyayya da dokokin kafa da nasara, da kuma mãsu mayẽwa daga cikin Great mallakar wasu addinai wajen m. Duk da haka, duk abin da canja lokacin Syria kursiyin tabbatar Antiyaku IV Epiphanes.

Wuta da takobi da ya yi kokarin gabatar da hõrarru al'ummai Helenawa addini. Karkashin zafi na mutuwa, Yahudawa su ne aka haramta kaciya, don nazarin Attaura, su kiyaye dokokin Asabar. A haikalin da Urushalima a umurnin sarki aka gina bagade na Zeus - manyan daga cikin allolin da Helenawa pantheon.

A sakamakon haka, a Modin - karamin kauye kusa da Urushalima - wani yunkuri ya barke. Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin daya daga cikin dattawan shiri, Bayahude Mattiyagu, kuma bayan mutuwarsa, wanda ya faru a shekara daga baya, 'yan tawayen sun ci gaba da kai wa ɗansa, da Yahuza Maccabee.

A cikin duka, gwagwarmayar neman 'yantar da Yahudawa daga Syria karkiya tsawon shekara ashirin da biyar. Duk da haka, shekaru uku bayan da farkon na tawaye da Maccabees nasara a fede Urushalima. Abu na farko da cin nasara fara shirya lalatashi Haikali. The gumaka da aka jefa, a mayar da karye bagaden, amma maimakon na zinariya menorah (da menorah), wanda aka sace, dan lokaci sa talakawa baƙin ƙarfe.

Duk da haka, a lokacin da ta je lokaci zuwa haske cikin menorah a gaban bagaden, ya juya waje cewa duk man da ya faru a cikin coci aka lalatashi. Tsabta kawai zauna kawai wani kankanin butar, wanda zai zama isa ga kawai wata rana gõbara. Kuma shi, na bukatar da kwana takwas da shirya sabon mai ...

Duk da haka, menorah lit. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, mu'ujiza ya faru: hasken da aka inexplicably ƙone for kwana takwas! A haikalin da aka tsarkake sake. Kuma a yanzu, a cikin girmamawa da wannan taron a kowace shekara faruwa bikin Hanukkah.

Mene ne Chanukah

Yanzu da yake mun zama sananne ga tarihi ma'anar Hanukkah cewa shi ne "Chanukah" shi kuma za ta zama da sauki tsammani. Saboda haka abin da ake kira gargajiya tsayawar Hanukkah kyandirori, NUNA ruhun juriya da kuma nasarar da kyau a kan mugunta.

Chanukiah nau'i takwas maras motsi. Su alamar mu'ujjiza ce da ya faru a lokacin Maccabee nasara a kan Helenawa. A zamanin da shi da aka bude a rataye shi a kan titi, to hagu na gaban ƙofar. Duk da haka, daga baya, saboda da hatsarin wuta, Hanukkah aka faɗa wa haske cikin gidãjenku, tunzura shi a kan wani taga sill - don haka da cewa haske da kyandirori tunatar da makwabta da kuma ba ruwansu da cewa wannan Hanukkah.

Wadannan fitilu suna sanya daga wani abu: tin, marmara, tagulla, ain, da baƙin ƙarfe. Waɗanda suke aukaka da kuma iya iya Hanukkah zinariya ko azurfa. Su masu girma dabam ne ma daban-daban: daga sosai m abin da na farko ranar Hanukkah ne yawanci lit a gwamnatin gine-gine, to wani suna fadin da kuma kananan, wanda yawanci ƙona wadannan kwanaki a duk Yahudawa gidajensu.

Ƙonewa domin hasken wuta

A daidai da al'ada, mafi yadu prevalent, da oda na festive fulogogin wadannan kwanaki na da tsauraran sharudda.

The sosai farko dare ne yawanci mafi muni, wãtau lit da kyandir a kan dama. A dare na biyu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da ƙara daya more kyandir a kan hagu na daya cewa sa jiya. A farko haske sabon, kara kyandir, sa'an nan kuma motsa zuwa dama. Wannan hanya an maimaita kowane dare: na farko, ƙara kyandir sa'an nan lit duk bi da bi, ya fara da ita, daga hagu zuwa dama.

Kamar yadda ya zama dole don haske kyandirori

Haka kuma an sani a cikin hadisin na Hanukkah cewa shi ne "shamash". Wannan shi ne na musamman mai amfani toshe, wanda aka ko dai a rabu da sauran takwas kyandirori ko located sama su. Daga Shamash lit kowane yamma duk na asali kyandirori wanda aka located a daya matakin da a takaice nisa daga juna.

Bisa ga al'ada, da haske da takwas kyandirori ya kamata ku bauta kawai a matsayin tunatarwa na mu'ujiza, da wanda labarin Hanukkah fara. Su ba za a iya amfani da wani sauran dalilai. Saboda wadannan kyandirori ya kamata a lit da shi daga Shamash, amma ba daga sãshe.

Hanukkah Hadisai haskakã ƙonewa

Chanukah kyandirori lit sa a cikin gidan, inda shi ne kullum rayuwa, da kuma cewa ya daki, inda yawanci dauki abinci. Fitilar (Chanukah) da aka kafa a cikin wani shahararren wuri a cikin dakin.

Fara haske da Chanukah hasken wuta, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da yamma bayan faduwar rana (bisa ga sauran bayanai, bayan bayyanar sama na farko taurari). Idan saboda wasu dalilai da shi ba zai yiwu ba a wannan lokacin, shi ne yarda da haske fitilu kuma su faɗi magana albarka ga cewa lokaci yayin da falke dukan yan uwa. Wadanda ba su yi sarrafa yi haka kafin alfijir, da suka fara gobara cewa rana daina yi.

A karshe hutu yamma haske da takwas kyandirori. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka kamata su ƙona for rabin awa bayan bayyanar taurari. Saboda haka, a cikin wadanda gidajensu inda kyandirori lit da zaran rana ta kafa, da za su haskaka a kalla hamsin minti.

A wani lokaci a lõkacin da ta kamata haske cikin Chanukah fitilu ake hana ci, sha, ko yin wani abu.

Shi ne sabon abu ga wani kyandir lit mata - su ne kawai ba a yadda da kindles da wani miji ko uba, da kuma amsa "Amin, Amin!" a mayar da martani ga maganar albarka, sai ya ce.

Boys fara don hašawa zuwa sacrament na lighting Chanukah hasken wuta, kamar yadda mai mulkin, daga lokacin da suka sami damar da kansa da haske kyandir, kuma ka ce, mai albarka.

A gargajiya biki a Hanukkah

Yalwatacce abinci, tare da gargajiya songs da labaru game da mu'ujjizan Madaukaki a cikin waɗannan kwanaki ga kakanni - cewa shi ne Hanukkah. Yahudawa dauke da wannan idin fun da farin ciki, don haka wadannan kwanaki an haramta sauri ko don makoki da matattu.

A cikin kwanaki na Chanukah wajibi ne don shirya gargajiya jita-jita. Yana latkes - dankalin turawa pancakes da kuma dadi Donuts tare da jam ko marmalade (sufganiyah). A Hanyar dafa abinci - frying a kayan lambu mai - kuma an yi nufin tunawa da mu'ujiza a wadda tarihi tushen Hanukkah.

Bugu da kari, wadannan kwanaki ci kiwo abinci - da farko ya yi cuku. Kamar yadda miya ne aka fi amfani da cream.

kwastan Hanukkah

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma da mutane a duniya koyi game da abin da yake Hanukkah. Daga cikin Yahudawa akwai wani hadisin da haske mai Hanukkah a birane, da kuma yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Isra'ila a cikin kwanaki lokacin da hutu ne bikin, kuma suna da damar shiga da tsoho kwastan.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin kwanaki na Hanukkah ba a hana aiki. Duk da haka, matan da suka bi tsoho al'ada, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba aiki har sai da kuna festive fitilu.

A lokacin da kwana takwas na hutu a kowane daga cikin salloli kamata ya saka musamman maganar godiya, kuma a lokacin safe da salla karanta excerpts daga cikin Attaura.

A cikin kwanaki na Hanukkah a Isra'ila makarantu suna zuwa holidays. By al'ada, a kan dare na hudu ko biyar ranar biki, iyaye sau da yawa ba yara toys ko kudi cewa ba za su iya ciyar a kan nasu. Duk da haka, wasu daga wadannan kudi kamata ya ba da kyauta ga sadaka.

A game da dreidel

Akwai wani m al'ada, wanda shi ne sanannen domin Hanukkah. Mene ne wani "dreidel" ko "svivon" dole ne ya san kowane Yahudawa yaro. Wannan shi ne na musamman tetrahedral saman, wanda ya yi wasa da wadannan kwanaki. Play wannan wasan, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kananan tsabar kudi na "Chanukah kudi", kazalika - for alewa, apples ko kwayoyi.

A Isra'ila, a kan kowane gefe na saman da aka rubuta daya wasika a Hebrew: "Nun" (ma'ana "kai" - "Miracle"), "gimmel" ( "gadol" - "girma"), "Hey" ( "hai" - " shi ne ") da kuma" sha "(" a kan "-" a nan "). A saman, a cikin abin da yara wasa Yahudawa Diaspora, na karshe wasika da aka maye gurbinsu "Taya", wanda yake nufin "Sham" - "akwai", da cewa shi ne, a cikin ƙasar Isra'ila.

A cewar labari, a cikin kwanaki lokacin da Attaura da ilimi da aka barazana da mutuwa, yaran Yahudawa zo zuwa makaranta tare da wadannan fi, kuma a cikin akwati na 'yan leƙen asirin ko makiya ya fara tare da so a yi wasa kamar dai shi ne domin wannan a nan yau. Yau, da wannan wasan ya rage wani m wasa, hidima a lokaci guda a tunatarwa na baya, kazalika da yawa wasu al'adun Yahudawa da mutane.