A zamanin d Ibada na Cambodia: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Cambodia na main janye ne ta majami'u, a cikin ƙasa na kasar a yalwace. Yau mun gaya muku game da mafi ban sha'awa da kuma majestic cewa gigice sawwaƙe reliefs da asali brickwork.

Haikalin hadaddun a Cambodia bautarka a sararin ƙasa, kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa da yawa daga cikinsu har yanzu suna a cikin bincike mataki.

Features kasa

Cambodia janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa asali - shi ne ba Thailand, kadan flattering da dadi domin yawon bude ido. A matafiya yawanci yi zaunanniya ra'ayi na daji ƙasar, free mutane murmushi da kuma sabon abu Ibada na Cambodia. Wannan ban mamaki makada cewa ba manta ko Hollywood yana da akai-akai ance su kamar yadda shimfidar wuri domin zane-zane.

Gogaggun matafiya ce fasali da aka kai tsaye alaka da yawon shakatawa na kasar, ya zama m daga waɗanda ake kawai shirin tafiya:

1. Duk da Ibada ne kwazazzabo a daban-daban sau da rana: wasu alfijir, wasu a lokacin da rana, wasu da magariba.
2. Dubawa na zamanin d tsarin daukan lokaci, don haka taron ya kamata a ba a kalla kwanaki uku don ganin mafi ban sha'awa wurare. A wannan lokaci za ka iya zama a wani hotel a gari na kusa, Siem girbe.
3. A tashar Angkor hadaddun sa hankali ga tunani game da hayar mota, tun da yawa wurare ne a nesa daga juna.

Angkor: Cambodia ta zamanin da haikalin

Wannan yankin na kasar, wanda ya zama cikin shimfiɗar jariri, daga cikin mafi girma daular a kudancin Asiya - Khmer. Its yawa da inganci nasa ne da IX-XV ƙarni. A wannan lokacin, Angkor ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma a birane a duniya, kuma ya haikalin riga aka sani zuwa yanzu fiye da kan iyakoki na daular.

A 1431, ta wakana dakarun halakar da garin da mazaunanta da aka tilasta su bar. Tun wannan lokacin, Angkor, tare da fiye da dari haikalin da kuma manyan gidãje aka, a gaskiya, ya bar cikin m wurare masu zafi da gandun daji. Kuma kawai a karshen cikin XIX karni halittu Ann Muo daga Faransa ya wallafa wani yawan ayyukan da aka kishin Angkor.

Ko Rudyard Kipling ya rubuta sanannun aiki game da Mowgli - "Jungle Littafi" - bayan ziyarar Angkor. Tun shekarar 1992, cikin Haikali hadaddun ne karkashin kariyar UNESCO. Wannan tsoho Kambodiyanci lardin ya zama gida ga m gine-gine da Monuments na Khmer Empire.

Angkor - wani tsohon birnin

Angkor Ibada ne shaidun da wanzuwar mafi girma a pre-masana'antu da birane cibiyar a duniya, wanda bisa ga girman m zuwa yanzu New York a yau ne mai babbar bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya yanki na 200 km². Wannan halitta da alama cewa dutse Ibada ado da ganuwar kamar yadda idan girma daga cikin impenetrable Jungle.

Masana kimiyya a yau ana kokarin warware da asirai na yi, amma Angkor hankali rike ta asĩri. Kamar yadda a cikin heyday na daular, Angkor yau kamar yadda wani maganadisu ga matafiya da kuma masu bincike daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kuma idan a cikin tsohon kwana nan suna tafiya kasuwa, a yau, ya ziyarci ƙasar - da yawon bude ido.

Ba tare da ƙari, za mu iya cewa da Ibada na Cambodia kuma Angkor musamman - mafi m wuri a kudu maso gabashin Asia. Sarakuna na Khmer daular kare wani kudi don gina haikalin aukaka kuma mafi ban sha'awa fiye da da magabata.

Angkor Wat

Da shahararren haikalin da Angkor Wat (Cambodia) ne undisputed jauhari na Angkor. Its spiers sun zama wata alama ce da kuma hallmark na Cambodia. A haikali kunshi biyar hasumiyai wuraren bauta, uku galleries, wanda kara a tsawo zuwa tsakiyar da kuma kewaye da wata moat cika da ruwa, da nisa daga 190 mita. Profile yi simulates unopened lotus toho.

A farko gallery - shi ne gina garu a kan rami. Yana yana da wani square hasumiya daga waje. Rufi therebetween da waje facade ado kanti a cikin wani nau'i na lotus, kuma a ciki gefen nuna rawa gane. A Bas-reliefs a kan garun duk uku galleries, bayana labarun scenes daga daban-daban da camfin da yawa abubuwan tarihin.

Long babban tini haɗu da farko gallery a karo na biyu. Yana yiwuwa a hawa zuwa matakala, wanda da bangarorin ado da sculptures zakoki. A wannan gallery ciki ganuwar suna yi wa ado da images apsar- wani sarari suKe mãtã mãsu.

The uku gallery kunshi biyar hasumiya, wadda aka lashe tare da mafi terrace. Akwai sosai m matakala da alamar hawa wahala a cikin mulkin alloli. A ganuwar da gallery za ka iya ganin mutane da yawa macizai. Jikinsu kawo karshen sama a cikin muƙamuƙanka zakoki.

ban sha'awa facts

Duwatsu Angkor Wat, m kamar goge marmara, dage farawa ba tare da wani bonding bayani. Babban gini abu domin wannan shiri shi ne sandstone, wanda aka tsĩrar da su da yi site da Kulen Mountain, wanda shi ne 40 km away.

Kusan duk saman, ciki har da ginshikan da rufin jumpers aka yanke daga dutse. Tsakanin 1986 da 1992, India archaeological Society gudanar a Angkor sabuntawa aiki. Voshem haikali a matsayin UNESCO ta duniya Heritage Site.

Bayon

Wannan haikalin da aka gina a cikin girmamawa Jayavarman VII. Yana yana da uku matakan. Babban ɓangare na Haikalin ado - zane-zane depicting rayuwar yau da kullum na Khmers. Bayon a Cambodia, kuma yana da m bango, a tsawo na 4.5 mita. A da shi ba za ka iya ganin scene na yaƙi a kan Tonle Sap Lake, wanda ya lashe wata nasara a kan chamami Jayavarman VII.

A shekara ta 1925, Bayonne aka gane a matsayin wani addinin Buddha Wuri Mai Tsarki. A shekara ta 1933, a cikin wani haikali, ko kuma wajen, a cikin rijiyar da ginshiki, mun samu wani mutum-mutumi na Buddha, wanda yake shi ne a fili a bayyane kama zuwa Jayavarman VII. A lokacin brahmanistkoy sabuntawa, wanda ya faru nan da nan bayan da mulki ta mutuwa, da yake ta ƙazantu. Daga baya, sai aka mayar da shigar a kan terrace.

Baphuon

A haikalin da Cambodia ne gaba daya daban-daban da kuma cewa su ma shafi baƙi. Sunã mãsu jin dãɗi da m yanayi na Baiona, zuwa nan kusa haikalin Baphuon. Na dogon lokaci wannan yanki ya kasance mai yi site a kan abin da restorers yi aiki domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata. Aikinsa da suka raha kira taro na duniya hadaddun wuyar warwarewa. Biyu kawai da suka wuce, yawon bude ido sun iya ziyarci wannan tsoho Hindu Haikali. Yana da aka sadaukar domin Ubangiji Shiva.

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da tsoho Ibada na Cambodia ne sosai majestic. Malaman tarihi sun rubuta cewa, a zamanin da, Baphuon ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin Angkor. Amma a farkon hamsin hamsin na karshe karni, ya kasance kusan a kan gab da hallaka. Faransa archaeologists tare da wata tawagar da restorers sun yanke shawarar cewa kawai hanyar zuwa ajiye shi - gaba daya disassembled, ƙarfafa harsashin, da kuma kawai sai tara ginin.

A farkon 60-ies na Baphuon an disassembled. A lokacin da dismantling na cikin Haikali tubalan aka canja a cikin Jungle, inda kowane naúrar na da lambar. A cikin tsakiyar 70s da ikon a kasar zo zuwa ga Khmer Rouge, da sabuntawa ayyukan da aka tsaya. Daga baya ya juya daga cewa da Khmer Rouge halakar da takardu a kan lalata haikalin, kuma babu karin bayani ne da za a tattara 300 000 dutse tubalan. Gine-ginen da su yi amfani da hotuna da kuma tunanin na gida mazauna.

Ta Prohm

Kila ba ceases gigice yawon bude ido zuwa Cambodia. Ibada a cikin Jungle, za ka iya ganin kusan dukan ƙasar. Amma daya daga cikinsu - Ta Prohm - kawai daidai daidai da bayanin Kipling. Wannan babbar haikali-sufi, gaba daya tunawa a cikin Jungle.

Masana sun yi imani da cewa shi ne mafi poetic na Angkor, shi ban mamaki yanayi, wanda aka halitta da babbar itatuwa da cewa kunsa a kusa da bango. Sun yi toho, ta hanyar da kankara da kuma rataya a kan hasumiya. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni da Tushen sun girma tare da ganuwar haka da cewa itatuwa ba za a iya cire ba tareda žata gine-gine.

Ta Prohm aka gina a zamanin mulkin Jayavarman matsayin Yufo, wanda ya mamaye sararin ƙasa. Duk da haka, da gine na shi ba kamar sauran Ibada a Cambodia. Shi ne sarkar na daya-storey gine-gine, wanda ake juna ta hanyar galleries da kuma wurare. Da yawa daga cikinsu ba su da samuwa, kamar yadda shere da duwatsu.

The musamman da suka bambanta da wannan haikali ne cewa dutse ganuwar kwarzana kafa na zamanin d inscriptions. A kan wani dutse stele, wanda za a iya gani a yau a cikin Angkor National Museum, sassaka cewa a cikin heyday cikin Haikali mallakar 3140 kauyuka, inda 79 365 mutanen da aka aiki, 18 da aka bauta wa manyan firistoci, 2800 clerks. Tu Haikalin zaune ci gaba fiye da 12 000 mutane.

A site na gandun daji da na kewaye da Haikalin, a yau, a zamanin da shi ne wani biki ya kasance biki babban birni, da kuma adana manyan yawa na lu'ulu'ai a baitulmalin Haikali. Yanzu yana da wuya a yi ĩmãni, kamar yadda da yawa gine-gine a kufai. Bishiyoyi ne biyu jinsin: most - banyan itacen da lokacin farin ciki, haske launin ruwan kasa tushen, da kuma na biyu - da itacen ɓaure, da strangler. An halin a jam'i na bakin ciki, daidai santsi m asalinsu.

itãciya tsaba fada a cikin wani crack a cikin masonry yi da kuma tushen girma saukar, mikewa zuwa ga ƙasa. Mun riga ya bayyana cewa, a ɗakin da Cambodia ne iya mamaki har ma da riddles na zamani masana kimiyya. Daya daga cikinsu - da bangon Haikalin Ta Prohm image na wani dinosaur, wanda Ya shiryar da soyayya ga kawo yawon shakatawa kungiyoyin. Duk da haka, har yanzu babu wanda zai iya bayyana inda zamanin d Khmers iya gani a dinosaur.