A tsarin na DNA da RNA tsarin

Idan muka kwatanta bayyanar wani jigidar halittar DNA ta kama Twisted karkace, wanda aka kafa ta biyu polynucleotide sarƙoƙi da ake juya a tsakãninsu da kuma lokaci guda a kusa da daya daga cikin su kowa da gatura.

Yawanci, da DNA tsarin yana dauke a cikin analysis tsarin da, a cikinsu a matsayin babban - shi ne tsananin ajali (ga al'ada yanayin) hanya interposition dezoksiribonukleozidmonofosfatov - dNMP, aka gyara polynucleotide sarkar.

A ba-mutated cell mononucleotides shiga phosphodiester shaidu, da kansu ƙulli polynucleotide sarƙoƙi da biyu zažužžukan ga wuri na real kungiyoyin a 5'-karshen sarkar ne a phosphate kungiyar, da kuma OH kungiyar ne a cikin Z'-karshen kewaye.

Idan muka yi la'akari da kwayoyin kunsha na biyu igiyoyin, da DNA tsari ne irin wannan cewa polynucleotide sarkar zai zama antiparallel da juna. A wannan rangadi riƙe a cikin irin wannan tsarin zai zama saboda hydrogen shaidu cewa wanzu tsakanin sansanonin A-T da kuma GC, coplanar, perpendicular zuwa babban axis na kwayoyin karkace. Wadanda hydrophobic interactions, an kafa tsakanin kwasfa na da irin wannan kwayoyin, samar da zaman lafiya a fadin biyu Helix. Domin irin wannan kwayoyin, tsarin DNA halin da complementarity na polynucleotide sarƙoƙi, amma ba su ainihi kamar yadda su nucleotide abun da ke ciki ya bambanta.

Bugu da ari, la'akari da cewa shi ne a DNA tsarin, ya kamata a lura da cewa kowane mutum kwayoyin da aka "cushe" a mai tsananin musamman, raba chromosome. Wadannan chromosomes dauke da dama sunadaran da suka dace mai tsananin tsare jerin cikin jigidar halittar DNA tsarin. Wadannan sunadarai suna kasu 2 Categories: histones da kuma sunadarai negistony. A cikin hadaddun da makaman nukiliya DNA na sel, wadannan sunadarai kira chromatin.

Kwatanta tsarin DNA, ya kamata a lura da cewa chromatin kunshi biyar iri histones, jimlar tabbatacce cajin wanda ya samar da wani karfi bond histones tare da DNA. A hadaddun na histones da DNA din ya ayyana rabo kwasfa a 146 nucleotide nau'i-nau'i, yana mayar da martani, a cikin abin da ya samar nucleosomes.

Kunshe a cikin tsarin da jigidar halittar DNA da sunadarai negistony wakiltar daban-daban -daban na yau da kullum da sunadarai, hade da musamman jerin DNA. Har ila yau, DNA din karin ga tsarin enzymes samar da biosynthesis.

Nazarin tsarin da DNA da RNA a cikin tsarin bincike ya kamata kawai a cikin hadaddun, wato, a lokacin da la'akari da tsarin da DNA, shi wajibi ne a yi la'akari da tsarin da RNA.

Its farko tsarin, kazalika a cikin hali na wani jigidar halittar DNA wani algorithm interlace ribonukleozidmonofosfatov, ta haka ne, za a dauki la'akari da cewa, sabanin DNA, duk iri RNA da daya kawai sarkar na polynucleotide. A cikin tsarin da halitta ta RNA da guda strands aka kafa, don haka ya kira "hairpin" - spiralized madaukai wanda suke AU da kuma GC tushe da kuma stabilized ta hanyar hydrogen bonding.

Yawanci, da talakawan most jigidar halittar DNA qunshi game da 150 nucleotide nau'i-nau'i millionov, kuma ta tsawon shi ne hudu santimita. A dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike na wadannan kwayoyin ne musamman m ga binciken, saboda a lokacin da shi ne kasafi na nama, a kwayoyin o ƙarin tabbatar da zama sosai fragmented da kuma zama da yawa karami a size. Don kawar da wannan cikas, a cikin nazarin Hanyar PCR - gudanar polymerase sarkar dauki, a cikin abin da aka selectively rairaya mutum sassan na cikin jigidar halittar DNA, da kuma ware da zama dole nazarin domin ta da wani ɓaɓɓake.