A tsarin da mutum huhu

Human huhu ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gabobin da suke da muhimmanci ga ta zama. Numfashi alama don haka halitta, amma a zahiri a lokacin da shi a jikin mu akwai hadadden tsarin da tabbatar da mu rayuwar. Don fi gane shi, dole ne ka san da tsarin da huhu.

A lokacin numfashi iska ya wuce ta biyu bronchi, wanda da daban-daban tsarin. Hagu fiye da dama, amma shi haka sau da yawa a kasashen waje jiki shiga numfashi tsarin ta hanyar da dama bronchus. Waɗannan jikuna da ramifications. Bayan shigarwa a cikin hakkin huhu da aka branched cikin uku, da kuma bar for 2 rabo, wanda yayi dace da yawan huhu lobes.

A tsarin da huhu ne da wahala, saboda a ciki su da bronchi reshe daga cikin mutane da yawa kananan segmental bronchi. Bi da bi, su wuce a cikin lobular bronchi kunshe a cikin lobules daga cikin huhu. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin yadda tsarin da huhu, ba da sanin nawa lobular bronchi ne a gare su (akwai game da 1000). Vnutridolevye bronchi da har zuwa 18 rassan (m bronchioles) cewa ba su da a cikin ganuwar guringuntsi. Wadannan m bronchioles samar da tsarin bangaren na haske - acinus.

A tsarin da huhu da sauki ga koyi, da sanin abin da yake a acinus. Wannan tsarin naúrar ne a jam'i na Alveoli (Kalam numfashi bronchioles). Su ganuwar ne gas musayar kaya substrate, da kuma yankin a lokacin da cikakken inhalation iya isa 100 sq.m. The most stretch su numfashi surface faruwa a lokacin motsa jiki.

Bronchopulmonary kashi ne na huhu lobe, wanda aka ventilated bronchi 3 Domin na sashe lobe bronchus. Kowane yana da wani raba broncho-jijiyoyin bugun gini pedicle (jijiya da kuma bronchus). Segmental tsarin da huhu da aka saukar a cikin shakka daga cikin matakin na ci gaba magani da kuma tiyata. The hakkin huhu 10 segments, kuma a hagu - 8. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi da aka samu a cikin rabo na huhu bronchopulmonary segments, ya zama zai yiwu a cire ta shafi sassa na jiki na da matsakaicin adana ta da lafiya sassa.

A wannan jiki na rarrabe tsakanin wadannan saman: mediastinal, diafragmentalnuyu, haƙarƙari. A mediastinum ne da ake kira "ƙofofin". Ta hanyar su, huhu ne bronchi, jijiyoyi, da jijiyoyi, da kuma barin Lymph tasoshin da na huhu jijiyoyinmu. Duk wadannan Tsarin waɗanda ake kira "tushen daga cikin huhu."

Huhu rabu GROOVES na daban-daban zurfin da kuma tsawo. Sun raba nama da huhu kansu ƙofar. Akwai 3 lobe da hakkin huhu (kasa, saman, na tsakiya) da kuma 2 hagu (m, babba). Lower lobes su ne mafi girma.

A tsarin da haske zai zama bai cika ba kuma ware visceral pleura cewa rufe kowane huhu yankin da kuma tushen tsari "parietal qasidarki" rufi ganuwar da thoracic kogo. Located therebetween kãtse-kamar kogo, da wani yanki daga abin da aka kira sinuses (located tsakanin parietal Layer). Babbar pleural sinus dauke costophrenic (da shi da sauki baki da dama a lokacin wahayi).

A tsarin da aka sauƙi bayyana ta da matakai da ke faruwa a gare su a lokacin numfashi. A wannan jiki 2 rarrabe jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin: a kananan da'irar (kunshi jijiyoyinmu kuma jijiyoyi, da hannu a gas musayar), manyan wurare dabam dabam (kunshi Bronchial arteries da kuma veins, haihuwa jijiya jini ga metabolism da kuma rayuwa goyon bayan huhu kansu). By yanayin da sashe na huhu jijiyoyinmu kama da jijiya, amma da suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin su canzawa. Su ne tushen da capillary cibiyar sadarwa lobules, interlobular connective nama, Bronchial shambura da visceral pleura. Saboda capillary networks kafa interlobular jijiyoyinmu tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare. Daga waɗanda kafa ya fi girma jijiyoyinmu mikawa kusa da bronchi. Na ãdalci, kuma segmental jijiyoyinmu a kowane haske biyu jijiyoyinmu suna kafa: manya da ƙananan (da girmansu bambanta ƙwarai). Sun fada baya a hagu atrium.

Yawan Bronchial arteries ne impermanent. Yana daga jeri 2 zuwa 6. A 50% na lokuta a cikin mutane shi ne 4 Bronchial arteries mikawa gaba ɗaya zuwa hagu da kuma dama babban bronchus. Su ne ba kawai da jijiyoyi na bronchi, kamar yadda ba reshe ya daban-daban gabobin na mediastinum. Fara dama arteries dake a cikin nama na esophagus da trachea, ko kuma a karkashin gaban (tsakanin Lymph nodes). Hagu jijiya dake a cikin nama kasa da trachea ƙarƙashin aortic baka. Ciki da huhu jijiya ne a cikin nama tare da bronchi kuma, sashe daga, wasa da wani kai tsaye rawa a cikin jinin samar da sauran sassa da pleura. A numfashi bronchioles, da suka rasa su kai-darajar da wuce a cikin capillary tsarin.

All jini na cikin huhu hade da juna. Bugu da kari ga general capillary cibiyar sadarwa da kuma rarrabe vneorgannye intraorgan anastomoses, interconnecting biyu dabam dabam.

A lymphatic tsarin kunshi farko capillary networks plexus na lymphatic tasoshin cikin sashin jiki, efferent tasoshi, intrapulmonary da extrapulmonary Lymph nodes. Rarrabe na waje da kuma zurfi lymphatics.

Source innervation daga cikin huhu - jijiya plexus da mediastinal kututturan kafa ta da rassan da m, vagus, da laka, da jijiyoyi phrenic.