Wanda ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity da kuma yadda shi ya faru?

A labarin da ya gaya game wanda ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity, a lõkacin da ta faru da kuma karkashin abin da hali.

radioactivity

A zamani duniya da kuma masana'antu ne mai wuya a iya yi ba tare da makamashin nukiliya. Nukiliya reactors ciyar da Subs, samar da wutar lantarki ga dukan biranen, da kuma musamman makamashi kafofin dangane rediyoaktif lalata, saka a kan tauraron dan adam da kuma mutummutumi cewa an binciko sauran duniyoyi.

Radioactivity aka gano a cikin marigayi XIX karni. Duk da haka, kamar sauran muhimmanci binciken a fannoni daban daban na kimiyya. Amma wanda tsakanin masana kimiyya fara gano sabon abu na radioactivity da kuma yadda shi ya faru? Wannan shi ne abin da za mu tattauna a wannan talifin.

samu

Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga mai kimiyya ya faru a 1896 da kuma sanya Becquerel a nazarin yiwu dangane da luminescence da sabon bincike da ake kira X-ray.

Bisa ga memoirs na Becquerel, ya samu da ra'ayin cewa watakila wani luminescence ne ma tare da X-haskoki? Domin tabbatar da zato, ya yi amfani da dama sinadaran mahadi, ciki har da daya daga cikin salts na uranium, wanda glows a cikin duhu. Bugu da ari, rike da shi a cikin rana, da masanin kimiyyar juya gishiri a cikin duhu takarda da kuma sanya shi a cikin kabad a kan wani daukar hoto farantin, wanda, bi da bi, ya kuma an kunsasshen a wani opaque wrapper. Daga baya, da nuna ta Becquerel maye gurbin wani cikakken portrayal na wani yanki na gishiri. Amma tun da luminescence takarda ba zai iya shawo kan, yana nufin cewa shi haskaka farantin X-ray watsi. Saboda haka a yanzu mun san wanda da farko ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity. Duk da haka, da masanin kimiyyar bai tukuna cikakken gane abin da mai samu sanya. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

A taron na Academy of Sciences

Daga baya cewa wannan shekara, a wani taro na Academy of Sciences na Paris, Becquerel sanya wani rahoton "A cikin radiation samar da phosphorescence." Amma bayan wani lokaci a cikin ka'idar da binciken da muka yi sa sabawa. Alal misali, a lokacin da daya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje, ba tare da jiran mai kyau da kuma rana weather, da masanin kimiyyar sanya a kan wani daukar hoto farantin uranium fili cewa ba irradiated da haske. Duk da haka, da rikodin ne har yanzu a fili nuna a cikin tsarinta.

A watan Maris na wannan shekara Becquerel gabatar da gamuwa da Academy of Sciences ga wani sabon aiki, wani asusu na radiation jefarwa da phosphorescent jikinsu. Yanzu mun san wanda daga cikin masana kimiyya ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity.

kara gwaje-gwajen

Bi kara nazarin sabon abu na radioactivity, Becquerel kokarin da yawa abubuwa, ciki har da uranium karfe. Kuma kowane lokaci a kan farantin ko da yaushe kasance burbushi. Kuma ta ajiye tsakanin radiation tushen da farantin karfe giciye, da masanin kimiyyar samu kamar yadda za mu ce a yau, ya X-ray. Saboda haka mun tattauna tambaya na wanda ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity.

Wannan lõkacin da ya bayyana da cewa Becquerel gano wani sabon gaba daya irin na ganuwa haskoki da za su iya wuce ta hanyar wani abu, amma a lokaci guda, ba su kasance sunã X-ray.

An kuma gano cewa, da tsanani da radiation dogara a kan adadin uranium a sinadaran shirye-shirye, ba ta da jinsunan. Yana Becquerel shared ya kimiyya nasarori da kuma theories da matan aurensu, Pierre kuma Mariey Kyuri, wanda daga baya ya kafa radioactivity jefarwa da thorium, da kuma bude biyu sabon kashi, daga baya da sunan polonium da radium. Kuma a lokacin da nazarin matsalar da "wanda ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity," sau da yawa da yawa kuskure siffantãwa wannan abin yabo Curies.

Tasiri a kan halittu

Lokacin da ya zama sananne cewa da rediyoaktif radiation jefarwa duk mahadi na uranium, Becquerel ne a hankali ya koma ga phosphor binciken. Amma da ya yi sa daya muhimmanci samu - sakamakon rediyoaktif haskoki a kan nazarin halittu kwayoyin. Saboda haka Becquerel ya ba kawai na farko wanda ya gano sabon abu na radioactivity, amma kuma waɗanda suka kafa da tasiri a kan halittu masu rai.

Domin daya daga cikin laccoci da ya ara a rediyoaktif abu a cikin Curies da kuma sanya shi a cikin aljihunsa. Bayan da lacca, koma zuwa ga masu, da masanin kimiyyar lura da wani karfi reddening da fata, wanda ya ɗauki siffar shambura. Pierre Curie ji ya ƙiri yanke shawarar gwaji - for goma sa'o'i sa daura da hannu tube dauke da radium. Kuma a karshen zan samu wani karfi miki cewa ba warkar for 'yan watanni.

Saboda haka mun tattauna tambaya na wanda tsakanin masana kimiyya fara gano sabon abu na radioactivity. Wannan shi ne yadda rinjayar radioactivity aka gano a nazarin halittu kwayoyin. Amma duk da wannan, da Curies, ta hanyar, ci gaba da aiwatar da nazarin rediyoaktif kayayyakin, da kuma Mariya Kyuri mutu daga radiation cuta ne. Ta sirri mallakarmu duka har yanzu kiyaye a cikin wani kantin sayar da musamman leaded saboda radiation kashi tara da su ne kusan a shekara ɗari da suka wuce shi ne har yanzu ma m.