A tarihin tunani. Hanyar na tarihin Psychology

A tarihin Psychology hulda da nazarin dokokin na ci gaba ra'ayoyi a kan mutum psyche. A batu na tarihi na tunani ne na daban daga batu na wannan kimiyya. A saboda wannan dalili, dole ne su bambance. A batu na tunani - shi sunadaran, dokokin da facts na mutum shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Na dogon lokaci da wannan kimiyya ya kasance daya daga cikin batutuwa na falsafa. Kuma ko da bayan rabuwa a raba reshe shi ya kiyaye da dangane da falsafa. Bugu da kari, shi an rinjayi da wadannan tarbiyya: ethnography, kimiyya, magani, al'adu ka'idar, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, lissafi, harsuna, dabaru, art.

Hanyar na tarihin Psychology

Basic hanyoyin da tunani - wannan gwaji, dubawa da bincikawa. A cikin tarihi na tunani - a tarihi da kuma aikin, tarihi da kuma kwayoyin, sada da kuma autobiographical, kazalika da hanyoyin da tambayoyi da kuma bincike na m kalamai. A cikin 'yan shekarun zama ƙara rare categorical analysis.

Babban matakai na tarihin wannan kimiyya

A tarihin tunani yana da matakai na gaba.

1. Psychology - da kimiyya da kurwa da ruhu na mutum. Wannan definition aka ba game da 2 da dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce. Shi ne da gaban da mutum rai bayyana kome m sabon abu. Ta kasance a cikin dukan abin da ya wanzu a duniya. The rai aka fahimci matsayin takamaiman mahaluži, wanda ya m na jiki da kuma sarrafa duk mai rai, kuma maras rai abubuwa. Manya da masana falsafa na lokaci: Socrates, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, Lucretius. Sun yi imani da cewa kurwa - wannan shi ne na musamman irin al'amari, wanda kunshi kananan siffar zobe Tsarin - kwayoyin halitta.

2. Psychology - da kimiyya da mutum ke tunani. Wannan definition bayyana a cikin 17th karni. A ikon ji, to son wani abu, zaton kira wayar da kan jama'a. Babban Hanyar fara da za a dauke wani bayanin da hujjojin da kuma kallo na mutum baya. A shahararren masanin ilimin falsafa na lokaci - Descartes. Ya raba manufar da rai da jiki, da kuma aza harsashin ginin prichinnostnoy (deterministic) halayyar ra'ayi. Tara jiki da kuma rai kokarin Falsafa Spinoza. Ya yi imani da cewa irin wannan fuskanta a Psychology damar da la'akari da shafi tunanin mutum da mamaki tare da daidai da wannan objectivity da kuma daidaito, kamar yadda binciken na saman da kuma Lines a cikin lissafi. History of Psychology yana mai yawa mai girma sunayen: Leibniz (ƙirƙira manufar da sume hankali), Wolf, J. Locke ..

3. Psychology - da kimiyya na mutum hali. Yana bayyana a cikin karni na ashirin. Its aiki ne gwaji da kuma kallo na da cewa za ka iya ganin (da hali, halayen, hali). A daidai wannan dalilai da ya sa wadannan ko wasu ayyuka ba ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi. Akwai wani kasafi na tunani a matsayin mai raba m kimiyya. Sai a wannan lokaci daina wanzuwa tunani na sani, kamar yadda da ra'ayin na fadada daga cikin mutum psyche a cikin mutum abubuwa tabbatar da ƙarya. William James ɓullo da wani aikin m. Yana yana amfani da hanyoyi na kai-kallo, introspection da kuma lokaci-stamping da hukuncin wani matsaloli. American psychologist kuma masanin kimiyya Watson halitta a behaviorist m, wanda yana amfani da hanyoyi na koyar da gwaji hanyoyi. Watson yi imani da cewa wani mutum halinsa za a iya karatu kamar yadda ma'ana kamar yadda zai yiwu, wanda ya auku a wani halin da ake ciki.

A ci gaba da tunani a Rasha. karin bayanai

A tarihin Psychology da aka ɓullo da a Rasha. A pre-neman sauyi da kuma pre-yaki lokaci zuwa aiwatar da Chelpanov Bekhterev, Pavlov, Sechenov, Chelpanov Blonsky, Rubinstein, Basov, Kornilov da Kostyuk. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kafa sashen ilimin halin dan Adam a Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, kafa a falsafa Psychology Kansu Cibiyar. A postwar lokaci, da babban tasiri a kan tarihin na tunani da Halperin, Smirnov, Leontiev da Drudge.